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Y型分子筛是裂化催化剂的优良前驱体,其经改性后制备的催化剂广泛应用于催化裂化领域。因此,其改性技术一直是此领域的研究重点之一。笔者利用原位晶化法制备了NaY分子筛微球;采用离子交换等方法对所制备微球进行改性,得到了改性Y型分子筛,分析了其化学组成及离子交换度,并考察了其使用性能。利用原位晶化法制备了NaY分子筛微球,并通过分析其晶化反应硅钠比,得到了其结晶度为34.3%。利用氢离子、铵根离子、稀土离子、磷离子等对上述微球进行离子改性,得到了改性Y型分子筛(HD-C催化剂)。利用常规化学分析方法,对其离子交换后母液中硅、铝、稀土等离子含量进行了分析,得到了催化剂组成及离子交换度,催化剂钠、稀土、铝、铁含量分别为0.28%、4.11%、36.24%、0.23%;总Na_2O交换度达到96.0%。利用程序升温脱附法(TPD)考察HD-C及对比剂的酸特性,并对其选择性、活性、抗金属污染等使用性能进行了评价,HD-C总酸度达到3.16;老化4 h时HD-C活性为69.6,QD为79.1,74.2;800℃,100%水蒸汽老化4 h,镍∶钒(4∶1) 4 000 ppm污染量时,HD-C活性为55.7,QD活性为40.8;800℃,100%水蒸汽老化4 h时,HD-C选择性为88.72,QD选择性为85.97。结果表明,所制备的改性Y型分子筛能完全满足商用要求。 相似文献
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催化裂化催化剂的活性组分主要为Y分子筛,在反应过程中,钠和沉积在催化剂表面的钒给分子筛带来不利影响。利用X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附技术和微反活性评价等手段研究了钠含量对原位晶化催化裂化催化剂、酸脱铝超稳Y分子筛(DASY)活性和结构的影响,结果表明,随着催化剂单位分子筛钠含量的增加,比表面积保留率下降,微反活性呈线性降低,钠质量分数增加0.1%,微反活性降低约2%。探讨了钠和钒对酸脱铝超稳Y分子筛的协同破坏作用。高温环境下,钠和钒对酸脱铝超稳Y分子筛的破坏导致分子筛结构破坏,钒对分子筛结构起主要破坏作用;高温水热环境下,钠对超稳分子筛结构起主要破坏作用。 相似文献
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金属污染是导致流化催化裂化(FCC)催化剂失活的重要因素,充分利用沉积的重金属是废FCC催化剂资源化的关键。本文将废FCC催化剂引入到轻质油品吸附脱硫领域,以脱除液化石油气(LPG)中的二甲基二硫醚作为考核目标,验证了废FCC催化剂作为脱硫剂的可行性。除去废FCC催化剂表面积炭后,其脱硫性能得到明显改善,在常温、质量空速为4.0h-1的条件下,LPG中硫化物质量分数从382mg/m3脱除至40mg/m3。镧、铁、镍、钒、钙、锑6种金属在新鲜催化剂和焙烧后废催化剂上的总质量分数从10.2%升高至46.6%,6种金属按照对应含量分别固载在新鲜催化剂上,脱硫效果较未改性新鲜催化剂均有明显提升。验证实验表明,导致FCC催化剂失活的金属具有较高脱硫活性,废FCC催化剂作为轻质油品脱硫剂具备工业前景。 相似文献
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以工业上常用的改性Y型分子筛(HY、USY、NNY)为主要酸性组分,Ni-W为活性金属组分,采用等体积浸渍法分别制备了分子筛类型、分子筛含量、磷助剂加入量、Hβ分子筛加入量、金属负载量、金属原子配比等不同的催化剂。以山东利华益集团减二线蜡油为原料油在100 mL固定床加氢装置上对各系列催化剂进行评价。结果表明,载体中分子筛(NNY与Hβ质量比为2∶1)总含量为30%~40%,P改性剂加入量为1. 5%,金属总负载质量分数为30%,原子质量比[m(Ni)∶m(Ni+W)]为0. 4时制备的催化剂具有较高的转化率、液体收率、中油选择性和脱硫脱氮率。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献
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塔设备改造选型的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后,着重介绍一种新型塔板(导向梯形浮阀塔板)和一种新型填料(波环填料——乾隆帕克)。 相似文献