篦冷机熟料多孔介质直管等效换热模型

目前对篦冷机熟料多孔介质的研究多采用渗流传热理论,通过达西定律与传热方程联立求解,但模型求解过程复杂,不便于工程应用。本文将圆形截面直管换热理论引入到篦冷机熟料多孔介质单元体的研究中,建立了水泥熟料颗粒大孔隙多孔介质单元体直管等效换热模型。通过直管换热理论的方法和思想求解水泥熟料多孔介质的换热过程,以达到降低求解难度的目的。在保证计算精度的前提下,求解出熟料颗粒与流体温度随时间变化的表达式,利用自主设计实验设备进行实验,实验数据与模型计算结果基本吻合,从而验证了直管等效换热模型的可行性。     

篦冷机熟料多孔介质直管等效换热模型

目前对篦冷机熟料多孔介质的研究多采用渗流传热理论,通过达西定律与传热方程联立求解,但模型求解过程复杂,不便于工程应用。本文将圆形截面直管换热理论引入到篦冷机熟料多孔介质单元体的研究中,建立了水泥熟料颗粒大孔隙多孔介质单元体直管等效换热模型。通过直管换热理论的方法和思想求解水泥熟料多孔介质的换热过程,以达到降低求解难度的目的。在保证计算精度的前提下,求解出熟料颗粒与流体温度随时间变化的表达式,利用自主设计实验设备进行实验,实验数据与模型计算结果基本吻合,从而验证了直管等效换热模型的可行性。     

水泥熟料换热模型的研究

针对高温水泥熟料具有堆积颗粒多孔质特性,将多孔介质渗流换热理论引入到熟料换热研究中,并考虑到热弥散效应对多孔介质强化换热的影响,建立了适用于高温水泥熟料冷却过程的气-固换热三维物理数学模型,在满足工程精度要求前提下,简化为更易求解和适于工业应用的一维非稳态换热模型.同时对其解法进行了相关研究,并通过模拟仿真验证了所建物理数学模型的正确性.     

基于剖开算子法的水泥篦冷机熟料换热模型研究

本文根据多孔介质渗流换热理论建立了高温水泥熟料的物理换热模型和数学换热模型,并针对高温水泥熟料数学换热模型的特点,提出采用剖开算子法对其进行求解.并通过仿真实验验证了该换热模型的正确性,给出了换热过程中熟料和气体的温度变化规律,仿真实验结果显示该数学换热模型能比较准确的反映实际情况,在此基础上分析了篦下风速对熟料冷却效果的影响,为篦冷机优化配风设计提供了理论指导.     

水泥熟料堆积体等效导热系数模型与实验研究

水泥熟料堆积体导热系数表征了水泥熟料颗粒传递热量的能力,在研究篦冷机内水泥熟料冷却换热机理方面具有重要意义.本文在多孔介质的两相导热模型的基础上,考虑到固气两相随机混合方式排列,建立了一种新的适用于水泥熟料堆积体的导热数学模型.为求解模型参数,应用圆球导热仪测量水泥熟料堆积体的导热系数,实验结果表明,水泥熟料堆积体的等效导热系数随温度的升高而增大,随孔隙率的增大而减小.     

水泥熟料的颗粒特征及孔隙度

将多孔质渗流换热理论引入到熟料换热研究中后,其堆积熟料的颗粒特征和孔隙度是换热模型研究的重要参数.本文选取某水泥生产厂家篦冷机内的水泥熟料块作为实验样品,测量样品的颗粒质量、体积、密度等基本物理量.经过对大样本下实验数据的处理分析,得出熟料的堆积密度、颗粒直径分布及孔隙度,提出了一种描述熟料块颗粒特征的方法.     

篦冷机气固换热过程的影响因素浅析

以5500t/d熟料的篦冷机为研究对象,基于气固换热理论,建立了篦床内部换热数学模型,并研发出用于计算该模型的程序,利用它研究了冷却风量、料层厚度、熟料粒径等对于篦冷机性能的影响.     

熟料颗粒角速度实验及预测研究

在水泥熟料流动状态换热研究中,一般认为颗粒的旋转运动对整体换热效果具有一定影响.在所建立的颗粒角速度实验装置上,利用姿态传感器采集颗粒转角信号,对多工况下颗粒的旋转角速度进行了实验测定.研究发现角速度随推料速度的增大而增大,颗粒的推程运动角速度大于返程运动角速度,在一个推程内,颗粒自旋角度占颗粒圆周的17％ ～25％,对颗粒堆积体的换热有较大影响.基于神经网络理论对实验数据进行处理,建立了颗粒转角的BP神经网络模型,预测值相对于实验值平均误差为14％,该模型为考虑颗粒旋转的水泥熟料流态换热研究提供了分析及验证基础,同时对于其他颗粒的角速度研究具有一定的借鉴意义.     

篦冷机熟料多通道冷却气固热交换模型研究

针对水泥篦冷机内熟料多通道冷却风冷却效率低问题,基于气固交叉换热理论,采用网格划分法将篦冷机篦床上的高温熟料进行单元划分,利用热平衡原理和质量平衡原理,建立了篦冷机熟料多通道冷却风流量控制模型,并采用迭代法分析该流量控制模型,得出了篦冷机熟料冷却风按照篦床长度变化的供风规则,为篦冷机的优化配风设计提供了理论基础.     

煤岩蠕变模型的建立及应用

本文以煤层岩石单轴蠕变实验为例,对煤层岩石力学性质分析,建立了煤岩破坏的蠕变模型和本构方程;通过建立试验数据多项回归方程,并与理论公式进行联系,求解出模型的粘性、弹性参数以及模型的蠕变方程。实例分析表明,所求参数的精度符合工程要求,模型可以较好地反映煤岩体的蠕变破坏规律;对于煤层钻井、煤层气的开采具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。