氨基改性SBA-15介孔分子筛的制备及其铬离子吸附性能

以3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APTMS)为氨基改性试剂,采用后嫁接法制备氨基功能化的SBA-15介孔分子筛。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、氮气吸附-脱附等温线和傅里叶红外光谱等表征手段对氨基改性SBA-15介孔分子筛的形貌、结构进行了分析。考察了吸附时间、吸附温度和溶液pH等因素对铬离子(Ⅵ)吸附率的影响。结果表明:与纯SBA-15介孔分子筛相比,氨基改性后的SBA-15分子筛对铬离子(Ⅵ)具有更好的吸附性能。     

氨基功能化介孔硅吸附剂的制备及其对铬(Ⅲ)的吸附行为

采用3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷（APTMS）对SBA-15介孔硅进行改性,获得氨基功能化介孔硅吸附剂（NH₂-SBA-15）,从而赋予其螯合重金属离子的能力。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDX、TGA、BET和XPS等手段对吸附剂的表面形貌、孔道结构、元素分布和表面化学性质进行了表征。研究了NH₂-SBA-15吸附剂对水溶液中铬(Ⅲ)的吸附性能,分析了吸附动力学、吸附热力学和再生性能。结果表明,SBA-15吸附剂经过氨基功能化后,其原有的结晶结构没有明显变化,且对铬(Ⅲ)的吸附性能显著提高。NH₂-SBA-15对铬(Ⅲ)的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和拟二级吸附动力学方程。NH₂-SBA-15对铬(Ⅲ)的吸附过程主要依靠其表面—NH₂与铬(Ⅲ)的配位螯合作用,且为吸热过程。经过5次循环利用后,NH₂-SBA-15对铬(Ⅲ)的吸附率仍然保持在92%以上。该氨基功能化介孔硅吸附剂在吸附铬(Ⅲ)方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

微波辅助一步合成介孔CeO_2-SBA-1

以三嵌段共聚物F127为模板剂,Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O作为硅源,Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为铈源,在酸性条件下,微波辅助一步合成了三维有序介孔CeO_2-SBA-16。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附脱附等手段对样品进行表征。研究了硅源与铈源投加量、搅拌时间及微波加热时间对介孔CeO_2-SBA-16结构的影响。结果表明,当硅源与铈源的投加量均为4.71 g,搅拌时间为3 h,微波加热120 min,可得到具有有序介孔孔道的CeO_2-SBA-16,BET方法得到该Ce O2-SBA-16的比表面积为322.8 m~2/g,孔容为0.342 cm~3/g,平均孔径为8.821 nm。     

微波辅助一步合成介孔CeO_2-SBA-1

以三嵌段共聚物F127为模板剂,Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O作为硅源,Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为铈源,在酸性条件下,微波辅助一步合成了三维有序介孔CeO_2-SBA-16。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附脱附等手段对样品进行表征。研究了硅源与铈源投加量、搅拌时间及微波加热时间对介孔CeO_2-SBA-16结构的影响。结果表明,当硅源与铈源的投加量均为4.71 g,搅拌时间为3 h,微波加热120 min,可得到具有有序介孔孔道的CeO_2-SBA-16,BET方法得到该Ce O2-SBA-16的比表面积为322.8 m²/g,孔容为0.342 cm2/g,孔容为0.342 cm³/g,平均孔径为8.821 nm。     

氨基功能化介孔硅材料对SO_2吸附性能研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为结构导向剂,正硅酸乙酯作为硅源,3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷作为功能基团,采用共缩聚的方法制备了一系列氨基功能化介孔硅材料(AFM),并研究其对二氧化硫气体的吸附性能。采用N2吸附、X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜等手段对材料进行表征。实验结果表明,氨基功能化介孔硅材料具有较大的比表面和孔体积,对酸性二氧化硫气体有较强的吸附能力。     

氨基功能化SBA-15接触精制废润滑油

以氨基功能化SBA-15(NH2-SBA-15)为吸附剂,对废润滑油进行接触精制研究。采用傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)、热重(TG)、N_2物理吸附等手段对接触精制前后吸附剂样品进行表征。考察了剂油质量比、精制温度、接触时间等因素对再生油酸值的影响,并通过溶剂洗涤法对失活吸附剂进行再生。结果表明,接触精制废油后NH_2-SBA-15的表面及孔道中沉积有大量脂肪族有机化合物,其比表面积与孔容基本丧失,孔径大幅降低,200~600℃热重表征失重率约为34.0%;在剂油质量比为0.03,精制温度为40℃,接触时间为10 min的条件下,再生油酸值可降低至0.01 mg(KOH)/g;吸附后NH_2-SBA-15经4次溶剂洗涤再生,接触精制废润滑油所得再生油酸值仍低于0.03 mg(KOH)/g。     

镧改性磷酸铝介孔分子筛的合成及表征

以十八胺为模板剂,导向剂法合成磷酸铝镧介孔分子筛..采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附-脱附、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、小角度X射线衍射分析(XRD)等方法对所得样品的组成、结构和性质进行了表征.结果表明,镧修饰磷酸铝介孔分子筛与修饰前相比,比表面积略有降低,酸量和酸...     

不同硅铈比Ce-MCM-41介孔分子筛酸性及结构表征

采用水热法合成了不同硅铈比的Ce-MCM-41介孔分子筛,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(PY-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和N2吸附-脱附等手段对Ce-MCM-41介孔分子筛的介孔结构、表面酸性、铈元素的含量和化学态进行表征。结果表明:当Si与Ce的物质的量之比(n(Si/Ce)由100减小至30时,Ce-MCM-41介孔分子筛仍具有典型的六方介孔结构特征,样品表面都存在B酸和L酸中心;当n(Si/Ce)为10时,样品结构有序性下降,B酸含量最多,分子筛中引入的金属Ce元素以Ce3+和Ce4+共存于催化剂中,但主要以Ce4+为主。     

金属掺杂介孔分子筛MCM-41的合成及结构表征

采用水热法合成了不同金属原子(M=Ce,Y,Nd)掺杂的MCM-41介孔分子筛M-MCM-41,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)对M-MCM-41介孔分子筛的介孔结构,金属化合价态及表面酸性进行表征。结果表明,M-MCM-41介孔分子筛仍具有典型的六方介孔结构特征,样品比表面积、孔容积降低,孔径增大,引入分子筛中金属元素以M3+形态存在,金属离子的掺杂使M-MCM-41产生酸性位,对应中强酸。     

固相微萃取涂层材料CH_2OCHCH_2O(CH_2)_3-SBA-15的制备与表征

以甲基三乙酰氧基硅烷(γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane,CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3;GPTES)为偶联剂,将醚基官能团接枝于SBA-15介孔分子筛孔道中,制备了无机-有机复合介孔材料CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3-SBA-15,用小角X射线衍射,N2吸附-脱咐,元素分析,红外光谱和滴定法对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,醚基有机基团成功接枝到SBA-15孔道内壁,而且SBA-15仍保持了有序的孔道结构。并研究了CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3-SBA-15的萃取效能,结果表明,该涂层材料对多环芳烃有较高的萃取效率。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。