用建筑垃圾配制绿色生态建筑砂浆的试验研究

将拆除的旧建筑产生的废砖与废砂浆等建筑垃圾破碎、筛分后制成再生砂,以再生砂部分或全部取代天然砂作骨料,用粉煤灰作为掺加料,配制建筑工程中常用的M5．0、M7．5及MIO级生态型建筑砂浆。初步试验结果表明：（1）砂浆用水量随再生砂掺量的增大而增大,但其保水率提高;（2）用建筑垃圾再生砂代替天然砂配制中低强度砂浆,对其强度没有显著不利影响,28d抗压强度均可达到设计强度的要求。掺量为60％左右时可获得良好的骨料级配,强度较高。     

砖砼混合再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能研究

随着我国城市规模的不断扩大,大批既有建筑面临拆迁,由此产生的建筑垃圾体量巨大,对废弃建筑垃圾进行回收利用不仅是时代所需,并且对于保护环境、节约资源、发展生态建筑具有重要意义.通过试验,研究分析了不同体积比的砖砼混合再生骨料混凝土的力学性能.结果表明:(1)对于砖砼混合再生骨料混凝土而言,再生砖骨料占比越大,混凝土强度降幅越大,再生砖骨料占比对混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响更为显著.(2)再生砖骨料占比为30％和50％时,再生混凝土的28 d抗折强度分别为4.7 MPa和4.5 MPa,已接近水泥混凝土道路相关规范要求,如采取有效技术手段对再生骨料或再生混凝土进行增强,有望使砖砼混合再生骨料混凝土用于道路工程的面层.(3)混凝土抗折强度与抗压强度符合良好的二次函数关系,混凝土劈裂强度与抗压强度符合良好的幂函数关系,混凝土劈裂强度与抗折强度符合良好的指数函数关系.     

建筑垃圾对再生混凝土砖性能的影响

利用建筑垃圾制备再生集料,主要研究再生集料的性能及其对再生混凝土砖性能的影响。结果表明：再生混凝土粗、细集料颗粒级配集配基本合理,符合连续级配要求;废弃混凝土再生集料的各项性能均优于废弃砖;再生混凝土制品的抗压强度随再生集料中碎砖含量的增加而减小;细集料含量增大,再生混凝土砖强度提高;再生混凝土砖抗压强度随再生集料吸水率增大而减小。     

利用城市建筑垃圾再生骨料制备道路用快硬高早强再生混凝土的研究

研究了城市建筑垃圾再生骨料在道路用快硬高早强再生混凝土生产中的应用。通过配合比正交设计试验,并掺入自配的快速修补矿物掺合料(CUFG),对影响再生骨料快硬高早强混凝土性能因素进行分析,提出再生骨料快硬高早强混凝土配合比的推荐设计参数,根据参数进行配合比设计及试配,并对其抗折强度与胶水比、RA掺量与CUFG掺量之间的线性关系以及抗折强度、劈拉强度和弹性模量与立方体抗压强度之间的相关关系进行分析。     

粉煤灰掺量对再生混凝土力学性能和抗冻性的影响研究

研究粉煤灰掺量、再生粗骨料取代率对再生混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度的影响,并对再生混凝土在不同冻融循环次数下的抗压强度和质量损失率进行了研究.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,再生混凝土抗压强度呈先增大后降低的趋势,当粉煤灰掺量为15%,再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,再生混凝土的抗压强度达到最大;粉煤灰掺量对抗折强度提高幅度较小;在冻融循环低于50次时,试块抗压强度下降速度较缓,此后下降速度加快,当冻融循环达到150次时,强度损失最大;再生粗骨料取代率对试块的抗冻性影响高于粉煤灰掺量.建立了考虑再生粗骨料取代率、粉煤灰掺量因素的冻融循环作用下再生混凝土抗压强度指数衰减规律预测模型.     

再生骨料在混凝土路面砖中的应用研究

文章将建筑垃圾中的混凝土和红砖破碎形成的再生骨料,按不同比例替代路面砖中的天然骨料,研究了再生骨料替代比例对路面砖强度的影响以及路面砖的生产制备工艺对再生路面砖强度的影响。结果显示再生混凝土砂的掺加有利于再生混凝土路面砖抗压强度提高,而红砖砂的掺加则会降低再生混凝土路面砖的强度,路面砖的生产工艺及混凝土配比对混凝土路面砖强度有较大的影响,半湿法工艺可大大提高路面砖抗压强度。     

粗骨料颗粒级配对混凝土抗折强度的影响

粗骨料最大粒级及颗粒级配影响混凝土的抗折强度,本文主要研究了粗骨料最大粒级、粗骨料单级配、二级配、三级配对混凝土抗折强度的影响。研究表明,粗骨料的最大粒级及颗粒级配对混凝土抗折强度影响很大,合理的最大粒级和级配能够提高混凝土的抗折强度。     

废弃混凝土作为再生粗骨料对新拌混凝土性能的影响

废弃混凝土资源化再利用是绿色循环经济的重要方法,目前主要通过将其破碎制成再生粗骨料进行循环利用.主要研究了再生粗骨料的掺量、最大粒径、不同级配形式、间断级配再生粗骨料的掺量等因素对混凝土性能的影响.结果 表明:再生粗骨料的掺量越大,最大粒径越小,则混凝土的坍落度和抗压强度越小;掺入间断级配再生粗骨料的混凝土的坍落度和强度大于掺入连续级配再生粗骨料的混凝土;间断级配再生粗骨料的掺量对混凝土的性能影响与连续级配再生粗骨料的影响一致.与未掺加再生粗骨料的混凝土的强度增长率相比,掺加再生粗骨料的混凝土的强度增长较大.为了解释上述宏观性能变化,通过激光拉曼光谱法研究了废弃混凝土中未水化水泥的水化等对强度发展的影响.     

掺级配良好再生PVC骨料混凝土的力学和吸能性能

将级配良好的再生聚氯乙烯(PVC)颗粒以不同掺量等体积替代天然细骨料后加入混凝土中制成试件,进行力学性能试验和冲击试验,得到立方体压缩强度、劈裂抗拉强度、卸载弹性模量、能量吸收率和微观结构图,用来探究不同掺量的再生PVC骨料混凝土的力学和吸能性能。结果表明,当PVC骨料掺量为0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,30%时,其混凝土压缩强度分别为49.34,52.44,45.79,46.41,45.6,43.46 MPa,劈裂抗拉强度为2.73,3.58,3.2,2.92,2.69,2.44 MPa,混凝土的压缩强度和抗拉强度均随掺量增加呈先增加后缓慢降低趋势,并且用级配良好的再生PVC颗粒替代天然细骨料加入混凝土的力学性能比单一粒径塑料颗粒优良;随PVC骨料掺量增加,混凝土脆性得到改善且延性增强;混凝土的能量吸收能力随再生PVC细骨料掺量增加呈直线增加趋势。     

再生微粉对干混砂浆性能的影响研究

为了促进建筑垃圾的再生利用,通过再生微粉替代部分水泥制备干混砂浆,探究再生微粉细度、掺量和复掺比对砂浆稠度、抗压强度、抗折强度和显微结构的影响规律。结果表明,随着再生微粉颗粒细度的减小,砂浆稠度整体呈下降趋势,28 d抗压、抗折强度均呈增加趋势,研磨40 h时,其强度达到最大值。随着再生微粉掺量的增加,砂浆稠度呈下降趋势,28 d抗压、抗折强度呈先增加后降低的趋势,当掺量为10%(质量分数)时,抗压强度达到最大值。随着再生微粉复掺比(质量比)的增大,砂浆稠度呈下降趋势,砂浆的28 d抗压、抗折强度呈先增加后降低的趋势,当研磨20 h的微粉与未研磨微粉复掺比为6∶4时,其抗压强度达到最大值。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.