Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层的制备与性能

采用喷涂法和溶胶-凝胶法相结合的工艺制备钢基Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层复合材料,并对其性能进行分析。结果表明：Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层与钢基体的界面结合强度较高,达21.2MPa;涂层与基体以及涂层与涂层之间没有明显的界面,实现了良好结合。涂层的表面硬度要比钢基体高4-5倍;Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层主要由α-Al2O3、AlFeO3、Al2Fe2O3和Al3Fe5O3物相组成。     

粉煤灰活性氩弧熔覆Al2O3-TiB2-TiC复合涂层组织和性能分析

以铁基合金粉末、Al、TiO2和B4 C粉末为涂覆材料,以高铝粉煤灰、SiO2、MgO、CaF2和CeO2为活性剂,采用活性氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢表面原位合成Al2O3-TiB2-TiC颗粒增强铁基复合涂层.测试熔覆涂层的物相结构、金相组织、显微硬度和耐磨性能,并与未涂覆活性剂的常规熔覆涂层进行对比分析.结果表明,复合涂层由Al2O3、TiB2、TiC、FeSi2 Ti、FeB2和α-Fe相组成,其与基体界面无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,呈良好的冶金结合;复合涂层测试点的最高显微硬度为1283.4 HV0.2,其在室温干滑动磨损条件下耐磨性良好;粉煤灰复合活性剂的加入可以促进熔覆层与母材之间的良好熔合、增加涂层中新相种类和数目、提高氩弧熔覆效率,这对改善复合涂层的综合性能具有重要意义.     

不同等离子熔覆铁基合金涂层在阀门密封面上的应用

在阀门密封面上用等离子熔覆技术制备了Fe45、Fe313和Fe316三种铁基合金涂层.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征了熔覆层的显微组织和物相组成.采用维氏硬度计测试了熔覆层的显微硬度,并使用电化学工作站和全浸腐蚀试验测试了它们的耐蚀性.结果表明,Fe45熔覆层呈现均匀的等轴晶组织,Fe313和Fe316熔覆层在与基体接触的区域形成了细晶粒区,而在熔覆层的中部出现了柱状晶组织.3种熔覆层的主要硬质相均为M7C3型碳化物,其中存在固溶相(Fe,Cr).3种熔覆层的显微硬度都高于基体,Fe45、Fe313和Fe316熔覆层的平均显微硬度为629.76、550.51和408.91 HV.Fe316熔覆层的耐蚀性最佳,Fe45熔覆层的耐蚀性最差.     

聚氨酯-硬质合金YG8双层涂层的抗磨蚀性能研究

采用聚氨酯喷涂技术和电火花熔覆技术,在基体铸钢0Cr13Ni5Mo表面制备聚氨酯-硬质合金(YG8)双层涂层,表层为聚氨酯涂层,底层为电火花熔覆层YG8;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察底层熔覆层与基体铸钢结合面的横截面形貌图,发现熔覆层由白亮层、过渡层组成,表面光亮粗糙,与基体冶金结合;并进行磨擦磨损实验和冲蚀实验。结果表明,双层涂层有较小的摩擦系数,抗冲蚀性是基体抗冲蚀性的3.87倍。该双层涂层兼有软、硬涂层的优点,适用于关键零部件的表面防护和二次修复。     

轴向送粉等离子喷涂制备TiB2/Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层

将Al2O3-30%(质量分数,下同)TiB2的复合粉与10%粒度为80～200 nm的Al2O3粉混合,喷雾干燥造粒制备成热喷涂喂料,采用三阴极轴向送粉等离子喷涂系统(Axial-Ⅲ)喷涂沉积TiB2/Al2O2涂层.用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪分析涂层物相组成、微观形貌,测试涂层表面显微硬度和Rockwell硬度.结果表明:涂层由α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3,TiB2和少量TiO2组成;TiB2在涂层中主要以颗粒状形态存在.显微硬度为16.68 GPa;涂层表面Rockwell硬度平均值达52.9.     

机床用Al_2O_3/TiB_2复相陶瓷刀具材料的研究

以α-Al2O3和TiB2为主要原料,采用真空热压烧结工艺制备机床用Al2O3/TiB2复相陶瓷刀具材料。测试和分析了烧结样品的相对密度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性、硬度值、相组成以及显微结构。结果表明,当α-Al2O3添加量为75 wt%,微米TiB2添加量为20 wt%时,所制备的Al2O3/TiB2复相陶瓷刀具材料性能最佳,其相对密度值为98.8%,弯曲强度为606.25 MPa,断裂韧性为4.85 MPa·m1/2,硬度值为26.55 GPa。最佳样品的主晶相为刚玉(Al2O3)和硼化钛(TiB2),次要晶相为氧化钇(Y2O3)。     

激光熔覆法制备ZrO2-Y2O3涂层的显微组织与性能研究

采用预制粉末式激光熔覆法在钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)表面制备了纳米ZrO2-8％ Y2O3涂层,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和光学显微镜(OM)对涂层的相组成及组织结构进行分析,同时分析了涂层的显微硬度分布情况.结果表明:在一定功率范围内,涂层气孔随激光功率增大而逐渐减少,裂纹随激光功率增大而增多;ZrO2陶瓷涂层与基体间结合良好,熔覆层微观组织结构主要以细小的树枝晶形态存在.在不同区域表现出不同的组织特征,靠近表面处晶体尺寸相对较小,呈柱状整齐排列在熔覆层表层区域;熔覆层中部主要包含块状晶及少量树枝晶;熔覆层底部主要为树枝晶,其一次品轴方向沿垂直于涂层截面方向生长;熔覆层主要由四方相(t相)ZrO2和立方相(c相)ZrO2组成;熔覆层平均硬度达到1000～ 1300 HV0.2,约为基材硬度的3.5倍.     

Ti6-Al4-V表面激光熔覆TiBCN粉末的研究

把TiBCN陶瓷粉末和Mn粉末混合(其中TiCB含量分别是100 wt%、95 wt%、90wt%、80 wt%和60 wt%)作为熔覆材料,用5 k W CO_2激光对Ti6-Al4-V(TC4)合金进行激光熔覆处理。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)分析熔覆层中TiBCN颗粒的形貌和反应产物。观察发现,激光熔覆层没有形成裂纹,TiBCN颗粒发生部分熔化,并和金属发生反应生成TiN_(0.2)、Al_3Ti、TiAl和MnB等新相。TiBCN颗粒之间连接紧密,自动组装成枝晶状组织,与基体呈冶金结合状态。TiBCN颗粒和基体发生传质,基体中的Al元素扩散到TiBCN,形成多元Ti(Al)BCN固溶体。测试表明,熔覆层硬度明显提高达到HV1300,耐磨性比基体提高了4倍。     

P2O5-V2O5-B2O3-ZnO系无铅低熔电子封接玻璃的性能

研究了P2O5-V2O5-B2O3-ZnO系无铅封接材料,考察了V2O5和B2O3含量对低熔玻璃软化温度、热膨胀系数及热稳定性的影响. 结果表明,玻璃的软化点随V2O5含量增加而降低,提高B2O3含量使软化温度先升高后降低,出现硼反常现象. 当V2O5和B2O3摩尔含量为15%和8%时,低熔玻璃的软化温度、热膨胀系数及热稳定性能满足低温封接要求,但化学稳定性较差,而添加少量Al2O3和Fe2O3能明显提高低熔玻璃的化学稳定性. 优化组成为26.0P2O5-17.3V2O5-7.7B2O3-45.0ZnO-2.0Al2O3-2.0Fe2O3的玻璃转变温度为340℃,热膨胀系数为7.5×10-6 ℃-1 (25~300℃),在90℃的去离子水中恒温10 h,失重为0.63 mg/cm2,化学稳定性与传统的含铅封接玻璃相当,综合性能基本满足无铅低熔玻璃的要求.     

自蔓延高温合成TiB2+Al2O3/NiAl复合材料

Al2O3 TiB2复相陶瓷材料具有金属材料无法比拟的高硬度、高熔点、高导热、低膨胀系数、高耐磨性、高温化学稳定性等优良的性能,但由于两种材料都属于硬而脆的材料,复合后仍然存在脆性大、裂纹敏感性强、抗机械冲击性和温度急变形差等缺点。为了克服这些缺点,本文探索了在陶瓷相中添加金属间化合物(NiAl或FeAl)。X射线衍射结果表明合成产物的主要组成相分别为Al2O3 TiB2、Al2O3 TiB2 NiAl及Al2O3 TiB2 FeAl,反应按预期进行,且燃烧合成反应进行的较为彻底。通过对不同成分反应产物的致密度、强度、断裂韧性对比,可知产物的致密度在FeAl含量为15%时达到最高99.5%,Al2O3 TiB2 NiAl体系中NiAl含量为20%达到最高98.5%。随金属间化合物含量的增加,合成复合材料的硬度下降,而断裂韧性提高。     

Wear and corrosion properties of a B–Al composite layer on pure titanium

A boriding and aluminizing two-step method was used to fabricate a B–Al composite layer on the surface of pure titanium. The composite layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanoindentation, wear tests, and electrochemical experiments. For comparison, single boriding and single aluminizing treatments were performed on pure titanium. The results show that the surface morphology characteristics from the single boriding and single aluminizing treatments were transferred to the composite sample. The XRD pattern reveals that the B–Al composite layer also has XRD peaks of Al₃Ti+TiB₂+TiB. The SEM results revealed that the B–Al composite layer is composed of an outermost TiB₂ layer, a TiB+Al₃Ti sublayer, an Al₃Ti layer, and an internal diffusion layer. The corrosion resistance of the composite sample is slightly better than that of the matrix, and the hardness is approximately 3 times higher than that of the matrix. The wear type is mainly abrasive wear, and the wear resistance is improved; with increasing temperature, the wear on the surface of the sample is intensified, and the wear resistance is reduced.     

Al2O3—TiB2陶瓷刀具材料的研制及其耐磨性能研究

本文研制成功了一种新型陶瓷刀具材料即Al_2O_3-Ti B_2陶瓷刀具材料。文中讨论了该材料的研制方法,力学性能和微观结构特点,并对该材料的磨损行为和磨损机理进行了研究。结果表明:Ti B_2粒子的弥散可以明显提高该材料的耐磨性。加工淬火钢时该材料的抗磨损能力明显优于Al_2O_3-TiC陶瓷刀具材料。Al_2O_3-Ti B_2陶瓷刀具材料的磨损过程主要受粘着、耕犁和微破损机制的控制。     

表面处理Al2O3增强PTFE基复合材料的摩擦学性能

利用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了表面处理与未处理纳米Al2O3对填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料摩擦学性能的影响，采用扫描电子显微镜观察试样混合效果和磨损表面形貌并分析其磨损机理。结果表明：填充PTFE摩擦系数比PTFE略有增加。纳米Al2O3可以提高PTFE耐磨性，表面处理纳米Al2O3在PTFE中能较均匀分散，其耐磨性比相同含量但未经表面处理的纳米Al2O3填充PTFE高一倍。导致PTFE磨损的重要机理是切削和粘着磨损。     

钛酸铝／氧化铝复合材料的制备及其抗铝液浸渗性能

以Al2O3,TiO2,MgO和Fe2O3粉末为起始原料制备出不同氧化铝含量的钛酸铝／氧化铝复合材料;通过考察浸于熔融铝液中试样断面显微结构和特征元素分布研究了复合材料抗铝液浸渗性能。研究表明,反应烧结得到的是含5％MgTi2O5（质量分数）和1％Fe2TiO5（质量分数）的钛酸铝复合固溶体与氧化铝组成的复合材料,复合材料的烧结致密度随试样中氧化铝含量的增加而增加。高钛酸铝含量的钛酸铝／氧化铝复合材料具有良好的抗铝浸渗性能。     

自蔓延离心熔铸TiB2-(Ti,W)C-TiC陶瓷研究

基于离心热爆反应、难熔液相分离与快速凝固原理,选取(WO3+Al+C)体系辅助(B4C+Ti)反应体系,采用自蔓延离心熔铸工艺可以成功制备出TiB2微纳米晶补强TiC-(Ti,W)C陶瓷基复合材料.将(B4C+Ti)、(WO3+Al+C)两种反应体系依次装填入坩埚中进行SHS离心熔铸实验,发现因W-Ti-C液相动力学粘度的降低、Al2O3液滴迁移路程减小,极大促进Al2O3液滴的Stokes上浮过程,故而显著减小残存于陶瓷基体上的氧化物夹杂含量与尺寸,进而TiB2微纳米片晶诱发的强烈自增韧机制与Al2O3微纳米晶产生的残余应力增韧效应,使得TiB2-(Ti,W)C-TiC陶瓷的弯曲强度、断裂韧性与维氏硬度分别达到(952±25)MPa、(12.6±2.5)MPa·m1/2与(28.6±1.2)GPa.     

In situ TiBX/TiXNiY/TiC reinforced Ni60 composites by laser cladding and its effect on the tribological properties

Ni-based composite coatings reinforced by TiB_X/Ti_XNi_Y/TiC with different Ti6Al4V contents were precipitated on a 35CrMoV substrate via laser cladding. The phase composition, elemental distribution, and precipitated phases of the coatings were characterised using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical and tribological properties of the cladding layer were also characterised. The results showed that the coating contained TiB₂, TiC, TiB, Ni₃Ti, and NiTi₂ phases with uniform elemental distribution and grain refinement. A schematic of the growth model and precipitation sequence of the reinforced phases was generated. The microstructure, elemental segregation, hardness, and friction behaviour of the cladding layer were significantly influenced by the addition of Ti6Al4V. The optimal microstructure and best mechanical properties were obtained by the addition of 4 wt% Ti6Al4V, with that coating possessing a hardness, average friction coefficient, and wear volume of 770.8 HV₁, 0.180 and 6132 um³, respectively.     

Microhardness and wear resistance of Al2O3-TiB2-TiC ceramic coatings on carbon steel fabricated by laser cladding

Al₂O₃-TiB₂-TiC ceramic coatings with high microhardness and wear resistance were fabricated on the surfaces of carbon steel substrates by laser cladding using different coating formulations. The microstructures of these ceramic coatings with the different coating formulations were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometer. The wear resistance and wear mechanism were analyzed using Vickers microhardness and sliding wear tests. The results showed that when the amount of independent Al₂O₃ was increased to 30%, the ceramic coatings had a favorable surface formation quality and strong metallurgical bond with the steel matrix. The cladding layer was uniformly and densely organized. The black massive Al₂O₃, white granular TiB₂, and TiC distributed on the Fe substrate significantly increased the microhardness and wear resistance. The laser cladding ceramic coating had many hard strengthening phases, and thus resisted the extrusion of rigid particles in frictional contact parts. Therefore, the wear process ended with a “cutting-off” loss mechanism.     

热压法制备Al2O3/TiB2/AlN/TiN复合陶瓷

将金属Al,Al3Ti和TiB2以AlTiB中间合金的形式引入Al2O3基体材料中,利用热压法制备Al2O3/TiB2/AlN/TiN复合陶瓷.探讨了复合陶瓷致密化程度与AlTiB体积含量之间的关系.复合陶瓷在烧结过程中属过渡液相烧结.烧结过程中Al,Ti和N2(保护气氛)通过化学反应生成新相AIN和TiN.对热压烧结后材料的硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度进行了测试和分析.分析了复合陶瓷的力学性能随AlTiB体积含量变化的规律.比较了复合陶瓷1500℃和1600℃的相对密度及力学性能.探讨了复合陶瓷断面断裂方式的变化对其力学性能的影响,并分析了AlTiB中间合金的细化特性.