纤维再生混凝土的抗冻性能及孔结构研究

试验采用等体积砂浆法配制再生骨料取代率为15％,强度为C30的再生混凝土,分别掺体积分数为0％,0.5％,1％,1.5％的钢纤维及0.2 kg/m3,0.5 kg/m3,0.8 kg/m3的聚丙烯纤维,研究钢纤维及聚丙烯纤维掺量对再生混凝土抗冻性能的影响.结果表明,几组再生混凝土抗冻性能均良好,在冻融循环后期纤维再生混凝土的优势显现,掺0.2 kg/m3的聚丙烯纤维改善抗冻性能效果明显,其次是掺量为0.5 kg/m3的钢纤维再生混凝土,钢纤维掺量为1％和1.5％的再生混凝土抗冻性能稍好于不掺纤维及钢纤维掺量为0.5％的再生混凝土,掺0.8 kg/m3的聚丙烯纤维再生混凝土的抗冻效果最差.通过孔结构测试,表明再生混凝土抗冻性能与孔结构有密切联系.     

再生混凝土抗冻性能的试验研究

研究了水灰比、掺合料、引气剂对再生混凝土抗冻性的影响。研究结果表明,水灰比越低,抗冻性能越好,低水灰比的再生高强混凝土即使不掺引气剂,抗冻性也非常优良,对中高水灰比的再生混凝土,要改善其抗冻性,掺引气剂是十分必要的。掺入硅灰抗冻性能有所改善,但掺入粉煤灰使其抗冻性有所下降。     

冻融损伤后喷射混凝土耐久性研究

采用快速冻融法,比较同配合比喷射混凝土与模筑混凝土冻融循环作用后质量损失率、相对动弹性模量、立方体抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度损失率,研究喷射混凝土的抗冻性能,并分析钢纤维的掺入对其抗冻性能的影响,同时,采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析冻后喷射混凝土微观结构的演变特征.试验结果表明,冻融循环150次,喷射混凝土的相对动弹性模量为0.819,而模筑混凝土已进入破坏状态,喷射混凝土抗冻性能优于模筑混凝土;冻融循环200次,钢纤维喷射混凝土(SFRS)劈裂抗拉强度损失率较普通喷射混凝土减小60％,说明钢纤维的掺入能够显著提高喷射混凝土的抗冻性能.     

废橡胶改性再生混凝土材料性能研究进展

废橡胶再生混凝土作为一项新型工程技术,它能够解决建筑垃圾和废旧汽车轮胎循坏利用的问题,对自然环境的保护具有重要意义.本文详细阐述了废橡胶再生混凝土的国内外研究现状,介绍了废橡胶再生混凝土的配制原则和技术、静动态力学性能、耐久性能和高温性能,并展望了下一步的研究.研究表明:在再生骨料取代率不变的情况下,随着橡胶取代率的增加,废橡胶再生混凝土力学性能逐渐降低,可通过掺入一定的钢纤维、硅粉或对橡胶进行改性等改善其力学性能;钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土具有较好的断裂能和断裂韧性;废橡胶再生混凝土相对于再生混凝土具有较好的抗疲劳性能和耐冲击性能;废橡胶再生混凝土抗氯离子渗透性和抗冻融性随着橡胶颗粒取代率的增加而增强,但随橡胶粒径的增大而降低;通过掺入纳米材料或橡胶和三元胶结体系的共同掺入可提高废橡胶再生混凝土的抗腐蚀性能;高温作用虽削弱了钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的刚度和承载力,但提高了其延性.     

超细粉煤灰改性再生骨料混凝土力学及抗冻性能研究

为研究不同掺量超细粉煤灰改性再生混凝土的性能,借助室内试验的手段测试了不同掺量超细粉煤灰对再生混凝土的力学及抗冻性能的影响.研究结果表明:超细粉煤灰的掺入能提高再生混凝土的后期抗压强度,当超细粉煤灰掺量为15％时,试件在28 d和56 d时,其再生混凝土抗压强度比基准混凝土分别提高了10.08％和8.26％;适量的超细...     

掺合料对再生混凝土强度和耐久性的影响

对掺入磨细掺合料的再生混凝土的抗压强度及抗渗性、抗冻性、抗碳化等耐久性能进行了研究。结果表明,适量磨细粉煤灰掺入再生混凝土中对混凝土抗压强度及耐久性能影响不大;将磨细粉煤灰与矿渣混掺可以发挥复合效应,提高掺合料的活性,改善再生混凝土的性能。     

钢纤维补偿收缩再生混凝土制备及性能

利用钢纤维和膨胀剂制备补偿收缩再生混凝土,采用力学试验、SEM和变形测试等方法,对不同钢纤维体积掺量和不同再生粗骨料取代率时再生混凝土性能指标进行试验与探讨.结果 表明:随着再生粗骨料取代率的增长,混凝土抗压、抗折强度呈现先减小后增大再减小的劣化变化规律;再生混凝土中掺入适量钢纤维可以提高其力学性能和改善混凝土试件的破坏特征;利用膨胀剂水化反应产物的填充效应,提高骨料界面过渡区的密实度,降低再生混凝土的自收缩,钢纤维和膨胀剂两者同时掺入再生混凝土中,可以优势互补,从而提高再生混凝土强度和变形性能.     

纤维轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤模型研究

选用钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维及混杂纤维掺入轻骨料混凝土进行抗冻性试验.对冻融循环试验结果研究,提出基于动弹性模量衰减的纤维轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤模型.比较发现模型采用直线方程与一元二次方程的分段型数学模型拟合精度高.并根据损伤理论分析掺入不同纤维对轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤速度的影响,结果说明掺人混杂纤维优于聚丙烯纤维及钢纤维.     

用于防排水预制构件的聚丙烯纤维混凝土性能试验研究

通过掺入聚丙烯纤维以提高用于公路边坡用混凝土预制构件的抗裂性能,研究了聚丙烯纤维掺量对混凝土工作性、抗压强度、抗冲击性、抗冻性等性能的影响.研究结果表明:聚丙烯纤维的掺入使得混凝土坍落度降低,但粘聚性及保水性增强.与普通混凝土相比,掺入聚丙烯纤维可提高混凝土的抗压强度及抗冲击性能.当掺量为1.5 kg/m3时,混凝土90 d抗压强度提高了21.1％,破坏冲击耗能比素混凝土增加了273.3％.随聚丙烯纤维掺量的增加,混凝土的抗冻性能也呈上升趋势,当纤维掺量为1.2 kg/m3时,强度损失率达到最低.     

硅灰对钢纤维混凝土耐久性能的影响研究

为提高钢纤维混凝土耐久性能,采用复掺的方式,选择高品质的硅灰掺入到钢纤维的混凝土结构中。在保证基准配合比相同的情况下,通过不同的硅灰与钢纤维配合比,探讨硅灰对钢纤维混凝土耐久性能的影响。通过实验结果表明,随着硅灰掺入钢纤维混凝土量的增加,混凝土的抗折强度、抗压强度和劈裂强度、抗冻性能都明显提高,并在12%硅灰+1.2%钢纤维时达到最大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。