石材贴覆混凝土梁试体火害承载行为研究

本试验研究各种石材在各种火害的情况下,石材对混凝土的保护效果,石材施工方法使用湿式贴法,温度则考虑常温(25℃)以及火害温度500℃、700℃与900℃,火害延时皆为30 min.然后以25顿MTS材料试验机进行混凝土梁四点抗弯试验,研究结果显示,火害温度500℃、700℃与900℃后,无论任何石材贴覆之混凝土梁强度皆高于火害后的纯混凝土梁.     

包覆十字型钢骨钢筋混凝土短柱的火害影响研究

通过对包覆十字型钢骨钢筋混凝土(Steel Reinforced Concrete,SRC)短柱受火害的试验,分析火害后的影响.试验中共设计4支柱试体进行高温火害试验.高温试验结果显示,混凝土强度越高,柱断面内部温度升温速率越快.还发现圆形柱内部温度均较方形柱要高,圆形柱的混凝土保护层较方形柱易产生爆裂现象,其保护层在高温试验中近乎完全剥落.     

混凝土板梁火灾时温度及应力分析

设计桥梁结构受火试验,总结水蒸气迁移、腹板开裂、梁体下挠和混凝土爆裂等四种试验现象.通过有限元模拟研究了爆裂现象对构件温度的影响,对比ANSYS温度模拟结果和试验测试结果,验证ANSYS模拟的可行性,结果表明试验构件底板区域为高温集中区,且从底板至顶板之间存在明显的梯度.利用埋设在梁体内部的传感器侦测梁体的变形以及应力应变规律,并与有限元模拟结果进行了比较,结果表明构件受火试验中截面应变符合平截面假定,火损梁截面纵向受压区主要处在顶底板位置.底板的压应力呈二折线分布,顶板几乎不受高温影响,压应力线性分布.受拉区主要位于腹板区域,受拉范围随温度升高扩大.     

火灾下CFRP加固RC梁高温抗弯承载力简化计算方法

火灾下粘贴碳纤维复材(CFRP)加固构件的承载力计算是对其进行抗火设计的关键。采用数值模拟手段进行了标准火灾下单面和三面受火的CFRP加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁温度场分析,考虑温度场的主要影响因素(保护材料厚度和导热系数),提出了加固构件表面及内部温度简化计算公式,并与试验数据对比验证了简化公式的准确性。结合混凝土梁截面承载力极限状态分析方法、材料及界面性能高温退化模型,建立了在ISO 834标准火灾情况下不同时刻CFRP加固RC梁高温抗弯承载力简化计算方法,并与荷载效应进行对比,即可进行防火保护材料厚度的合理选择。该研究成果可用于建立CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁的火灾保护设计方法,或判断已有保护措施的CFRP加固梁是否能达到要求的耐火极限,能够为CFRP加固构件的抗火设计和安全鉴定提供理论手段和方法。     

一种粘贴FRP加固混凝土梁设计阶段的挠度验算方法

目前我国的加固规范对混凝土梁进行外贴FRP加固设计时采用的仍是基于承载能力极限状态的设计方法,在设计阶段只针对加固梁的承载能力进行设计,缺少对加固梁变形进行控制验算的过程,不能保证加固梁在长期使用过程中满足正常使用极限状态的要求。而现有的研究中用于计算加固梁长期挠度的方法大多需要复杂的编程和烦琐的迭代计算过程,并不适用于加固设计阶段采用。因此,仍然需要一个简单且较为准确和安全的解析法来计算加固梁的挠度,以此来满足大范围用于实际工程对结构加固设计的要求。进行了粘贴CFRP板加固混凝土梁(RC梁)在荷载持续作用下的徐变试验,推导了加固梁的短期刚度Bs及由混凝土徐变、收缩导致的挠度增大系数λ,由此提出了一种在设计阶段验算加固梁挠度的方法并与试验数据进行了对比验证。结果表明,提出的加固梁变形验算方法可用在加固设计过程中验算加固梁的变形,从而保证加固梁的安全使用。     

高温对C80高性能混凝土轴压强度及红外热像的影响

为研究高温对C80高性能混凝土轴压强度及红外热像的影响,对不掺和掺0.2％PP纤维C80高性能混凝土(HPC和PPHPC)进行模拟高温试验,测试其高温后的轴压强度、红外温升,并分析其相关关系以及受火温度对各指标的影响.结果表明,随受火温度升高,C80高性能混凝土轴压强度总体呈下降趋势,PPHPC轴压强度较HPC轴压强度略高,表明掺加PP纤维能够改善其高温后的力学性能,红外温升随温度上升呈升高趋势,相同受火温度,红外温升随测距的增大而降低.     

复材围束补强含箍筋混凝土火害高温影响的承载模式探讨与分析

本研究针对含箍筋混凝土试体进行完整深入的火害补强研究,研究结果显示,随火害温度增高,火害后抗压强度折减越大,而强度所对应的尖峰应变则越大.高强度混凝土火害强度折减效应较低强度混凝土大,其对应的尖峰应变增加比例亦较高.不论试体是否受火害作用,箍筋或复材的围束效果均以低设计强度混凝土较佳.室温下的箍筋间距较大的混凝土试体其抗压强度会比纯混凝土强度较低,但应变仍有提升效果;而在高温火害下其试体抗压强度却比纯混凝土高.不管设计强度高低或箍筋间距大小,当混凝土受火害温度愈高,经复材补强后,其补强效果愈佳,尖峰应变的增加也较大.     

防腐混凝土梁长期力学性能试验研究(英文)

玻璃钢(FRP)筋防腐混凝土是一种强度高、全方位耐腐蚀的新型工程材料,具有十分广泛的应用前景.本文先对防腐混凝土梁采用四点弯曲试验方法,对FRP筋加强混凝土梁的弯曲长期力学特性进行了试验研究与分析,得到了梁在不同荷载水平作用下的蠕变曲线.结果表明,FRP筋不仅提高了防腐混凝土梁的初始刚度和强度,且明显降低了梁的蠕变变形.最后,运用最小二乘法确定蠕变模型参数,分别建立了防腐混凝土粱和FRP筋加强防腐混凝土梁的弯曲蠕变幂律模型,为估计材料的长期力学性能提供依据,对FRP筋防腐混凝土结构设计具有重要的价值.     

外贴预应力玻璃钢板加固混凝土梁试验研究

本文针对外贴复合材料加固混凝土梁存在的不足,将玻璃纤维材料(GFRP)先施加预应力,再将其外贴到混凝土梁受拉面以提高混凝土梁的承载能力.针对GFRP板横向抗剪切挤压强度低的缺点,研究对GFRP板的预应力施加方法,在此基础上完成了9根不同预应力度,不同混凝土强度等级混凝土梁的抗弯试验;同时完成了4根预应力GFRP板在梁侧立面不同粘贴方式抗剪试验研究.试验结果表明,外贴预应力GFRP板加固混凝土梁可大幅度提高混凝土梁的开裂弯矩、极限承载力及GFRP板的强度利用率,改善梁的裂缝开展情况及提高梁的抗变形能力.     

纤维混凝土梁研究综述

对纤维增强混凝土梁的国内外研究进展进行了归纳总结,从试验分析方面阐述了纤维对梁力学性能的影响;在理论研究方面对纤维混凝土梁的抗弯和抗剪理论及抗剪承载力计算公式进行了总结并对公式的实用性做了进一步的阐述;在数值模拟方面介绍了纤维混凝土梁数值计算使用的的软件及成果.最后,基于现有的研究成果,提出了目前存在的不足,探讨了未来纤维混凝土梁的发展方向.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。