稻壳灰对硬化机制砂混凝土性能的影响

通过测试不同龄期机制砂混凝土抗压强度、干燥收缩、碳化深度和氯离子迁移系数,研究了稻壳灰掺量对硬化机制砂混凝土性能的影响,并分析了影响机理.结果表明:稻壳灰降低了机制砂混凝土早期抗压强度,但提高了后期强度,其掺量为15％时,达到最大值;稻壳灰提高了机制砂混凝土抗碳化性能,其中以掺量为15％改善效果最好;稻壳灰降低了机制砂混凝土干燥收缩,提高了机制砂混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能,且随着其掺量地增加,改善效果越来越好.     

自燃煤矸石粉对混凝土耐久性的影响

从抗氯离子渗透性能、抗碳化性能、以及干缩性能三个方面研究了自燃煤矸石粉对混凝土耐久性能的影响.研究发现:掺自燃煤矸石粉混凝土的抗氯离子渗透能力较高;当煤矸石粉掺量在20％时,对混凝土的碳化略有改善,当混凝土强度大于50 MPa,煤矸石掺量小于40％时,其碳化深度小于8mm;随胶凝材料的增加,混凝土干缩增大,当自燃煤矸石粉掺量为20％时,混凝土干缩值最小.     

高岩温对衬砌混凝土耐久性能的影响

通过实验室模拟高岩温、低湿度施工环境,研究了高岩温对单掺粉煤灰和双掺粉煤灰与矿粉混凝土耐久性能的影响规律,并对不同养护温度下的混凝土试样进行了微观形貌分析,从微观角度探讨了不同养护温度对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能和抗碳化性能的影响机理.结果表明:高温、低湿养护制度下获得的水化产物分布不均匀,水分蒸发过快,导致了混凝土内部结构疏松;单掺粉煤灰和双掺粉煤灰与矿粉的C30衬砌混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能均随着养护温度的升高而降低,当养护温度低于80℃时,双掺粉煤灰与矿粉的混凝土电通量值低于单掺粉煤灰的混凝土,当养护温度达到80℃时,前者大于后者;养护温度升高增大了混凝土内部的孔隙率,降低了混凝土的密实度,混凝土抗碳化性能随着温度的升高逐级下降.     

海洋环境混凝土功能组分优化设计与性能研究

针对海洋环境高性能铁路桥混凝土的耐久性和水化放热问题,通过轴心抗压、电通量、水化热等试验,对级配矿物外加剂与迁移型阻锈剂复合作用的高性能混凝土进行了研究.结果表明:掺入级配矿物外加剂、阻锈剂等功能组分后,通过配合比优化设计,混凝土试件28 d强度比基准组有所提高,钢筋表面的电化学性能得到进一步提升.同时,抗氯离子渗透性能比基准混凝土最大降低了39％,胶凝材料浆体水化热值比基准组降低了37％.当辅助胶凝材料粉煤灰和矿粉掺入量提高时,混凝土力学性能、抗氯离子性能得到进一步改善,水化热中的峰值会降低.复合矿物外加剂的掺量达到22％左右时,混凝土设计的综合性能达到较佳状态.掺入级配矿物外加剂和阻锈剂可以使电通量显著下降,并对混凝土耐久性的提升和水化热的控制具有协同作用.     

矿粉对C40混凝土性能的影响研究

开展了不同矿粉掺量的混凝土试验研究,寻找不同掺量矿粉对混凝土性能(包括坍落度,强度,抗碳化性能,抗冻融性能,水化热)影响规律.经实验研究发现,以C40混凝土为基础,用一定量的矿粉代替水泥,显著优化混凝土水化放热情况,提高混凝土后期强度,增强混凝土的使用性能.     

轻骨料的返水作用对粉煤灰二次水化的影响(英文)

研究了轻骨科掺量不同的混凝土当掺与不掺粉煤灰时不同龄期的抗氯离子扩散性能以及骨料附近水化产物中Ca(OH)2含量和水泥石孔结构的变化情况.结果表明:随着混凝土中轻骨料掺量的增加,掺加了粉煤灰的浆体28～90 d期间水化产物中Ca(OH)2含量的减少幅度大于未掺粉煤灰试样的,且水泥石孔隙率有所降低,孔径细化,掺入粉煤灰后轻骨科掺量越多的试样孔径细化越显著,可见轻骨料后期返出的水分起到了自养护作用,保证了粉煤灰的水化.在混凝土中掺入适量的轻骨料,其返水特性与粉煤灰二次水化反应的协同作用使得混凝土后期抗渗性能显著提高,优于普通骨料混凝土.     

含泥量对掺聚羧酸减水剂混凝土性能的影响

将砂中水洗出来的泥掺入低、中、高强度等级混凝土(C25、C40、C70)中,研究不同含泥量对掺聚羧酸减水剂混凝土拌合物的工作性及混凝土强度、抗氯离子渗透性能与抗碳化性能的影响.结果表明:随含泥量的增加,混凝土拌合物工作性逐渐变差;混凝土抗压强度降低,对C40和C70等级混凝土抗压强度影响显著;三种强度等级混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能均显著下降;C25和C40等级混凝土抗碳化性能明显下降,而C70混凝土抗碳化性能影响不大.     

等强度条件下石灰石粉对混凝土收缩和耐久性的影响

本文在等强度条件下,研究了石灰石粉对普通强度等级的混凝土和高强混凝土的收缩、抗氯离子渗透性和抗碳化性能的影响.研究表明:在等强度条件下,随着石灰石粉含量的增加,普通强度的混凝土的干燥收缩减小,高强混凝土的自生收缩减小;掺石灰石粉的混凝土与纯水泥混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能相近;当标准养护时间达到7d时,石灰石粉对混凝土的抗碳化性能无不利的影响.     

钢渣和超细粉煤灰在高强混凝土中的应用

通过在高强混凝土中加入不同掺量的钢渣和超细粉煤灰,研究了钢渣和超细粉煤灰对高强混凝土工作性能、抗压性能、绝热温升、自生收缩、抗碳化性能及氯离子渗透性能的影响.实验结果表明:掺入钢渣和超细粉煤灰会略降低高强混凝土流动性,对高强混凝土的抗碳化性能无明显影响,但能够降低其绝热温升和自生收缩,并能够提高其后期强度及抗氯离子渗透性能.     

聚羧酸减水剂及不同掺合料对混凝土耐久性的试验研究

研究不同粉煤灰(20％、30％、40％)、矿粉微渣掺量及聚羧酸减水剂掺量(0、0.6％、0.8％、1.0％、1.2％)等多因素对寒区水工混凝土力学性能、抗碳化能力及抗冻融耐久性的影响规律.试验结果表明:聚羧酸减水剂的掺入可以显著提高不同外掺料混凝土的力学性能、抗碳化性能和抗冻性能;在本文所考虑的减水剂掺量范围内,减水剂掺量为1.0％时,各组混凝土试样的抗压强度最高,抗碳化能力最强,抗冻融效果最好;采用幂函数形式得到的碳化深度随龄期的变化规律有较高的拟合精度和相关性,建立的函数关系可以很好的反映实际碳化试验结果;在聚羧酸高效减水剂掺量相同的情况下,随着粉煤灰用量的降低,矿粉掺量的逐渐增多,混凝土的抗碳化性能和抗冻性能得到明显改善.研究成果可为寒冷地区外掺料混凝土在冻融环境下的耐久性应用提供一定的试验依据和参考.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。