塑钢纤维-橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系试验研究

对3种水胶比、6种塑钢纤维掺量的橡胶混凝土进行了单轴受压试验研究,测得不同水胶比、不同塑钢纤维掺量的橡胶混凝土应力-应变曲线.根据曲线特点,提出了含有本构参数A、B的塑钢纤维橡胶混凝土单轴压缩本构模型.对应力-应变试验结果进行最小二乘法非线性回归分析,求出本构参数值和纯橡胶混凝土本构参数A、B的数学表达式,明确了立方体抗压强度、橡胶混凝土本构参数及塑钢纤维特征参数与本构参数A、B的关系,得到了塑钢纤维-橡胶混凝土的本构方程.     

冻融作用后塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

以圆球形粉煤灰陶粒为粗骨料,对塑钢纤维(0kg/m3、3kg/m3、6kg/m3、9kg/m3)轻骨料混凝土试件进行快速冻融(0次、50次、100次、150次)试验,研究冻融后试件的抗压性能、劈裂抗拉性能、抗折性能、抗冲击性能.结果表明:冻融循环作用下,适量的塑钢纤维掺入可以明显增强轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度;提高轻骨料混凝土折压比,增强轻骨料混凝土抗裂性能;并能显著改善轻骨料混凝土的抗冲击性能.综合各项力学性能指标,冻融后轻骨料混凝土塑钢纤维最优掺量为6kg/m3.     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土轴心受压应力-应变全曲线试验研究

通过研究不同水胶比、塑钢纤维掺量和轻骨料种类对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土应力-应变全曲线影响,得到了各影响因素对全曲线的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着水胶比的增大,塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土轴心受压应力-应变曲线的峰值应力有不同程度的降低,但峰值应变稍微增大,韧性和延性有所提高;而塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土轴心抗压强度随着塑钢纤维掺量的增加先增大后减小,其随着筒压强度的提高峰值应力呈增大趋势.     

聚合物胶粉改性混凝土的力学性能

试验研究了不同聚合物胶粉掺量对改性混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及折压比和拉压比的影响,探讨了聚合物胶粉改性混凝土的力学性能.结果表明:聚合物胶粉的加入降低了混凝土的抗压、抗折强度,尤其是抗压强度的降低更加明显;当胶粉掺量在4.0％ ～8.0％范围内增加时,混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度大幅度提高,且掺量为8.0％时的劈裂抗拉强度最大.同时,聚合物胶粉的加入能显著提高混凝土的折压比和拉压比,改善混凝土的韧性和抗裂性,且其掺量为8.0％时,综合增韧效果最佳.     

城市地下隧道玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土的性能试验研究

利用室内试验方法制备了玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土,测试了其在不同玄武岩纤维和微硅粉掺量下的干缩率、立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度等性能,并分析了它们的变化规律.结果表明:纤维泡沫混凝土干缩率随着玄武岩纤维以及微硅粉掺量的增大而增大;泡沫混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度均随着玄武岩纤维以及微硅粉掺量的增大呈现了先增大后减小的变化规律;玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土的最大抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度与素泡沫混凝土相比分别提高51.1％、50％、66.3％.     

玄武岩纤维与粉煤灰改性高强混凝土力学性能研究

将纤维材料加入混凝土中可以有效提高混凝土的使用性能和服务年限.基于此,制备了不同玄武岩纤维体积掺量的粉煤灰改性高强混凝土试件,分别测试了玄武岩纤维高强混凝土的坍落度、扩展度以及标准养护7 d、15 d和28 d后的收缩率、抗压强度、抗拉强度以及抗折强度,分析了玄武岩纤维掺量对混凝土坍落度、扩展度、收缩率、抗压强度、抗拉强度以及抗折强度的影响规律.结果表明:随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增大,粉煤灰改性高强混凝土的坍落度和扩展度呈线性减小,收缩率逐渐减小;抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗折强度逐渐增大,抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗折强度的增大速率分别在玄武岩纤维掺量为0.8％、1.2％和1.2％时出现拐点,性价比最高的玄武岩纤维掺量为0.8％～1.2％.     

桥梁工程用混杂纤维混凝土力学性能研究

为了改善桥梁工程施工用混凝土的力学性能,并降低混凝土的综合使用成本,提出了以聚乙烯醇纤维和钢纤维作为混杂纤维掺入混凝土的思路,并考察了单一纤维和混杂纤维对混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度和抗拉强度的影响。试验结果表明,单一聚乙烯醇纤维或者钢纤维的掺入均能有效提高混凝土试件的力学性能,并且随着纤维掺量的不断增大,抗压强度和抗折强度均先升高后降低,存在一个最佳的纤维掺量使抗压强度和抗折强度达到最大,而抗拉强度则逐渐升高。当钢纤维的质量分数为1.0%时,改变聚乙烯醇纤维的掺量,混凝土试件的力学性能会发生变化,当聚乙烯醇纤维的质量分数同样达到1.0%时,混杂纤维对混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度和抗拉强度的提升效果较好。研究结果表明,混杂纤维的掺入能够有效改善桥梁工程用混凝土的力学性能,建议在施工过程中不断优化混杂纤维的掺量。     

不同水胶比的橡胶混凝土低温力学性能试验研究

在3种水胶比0.35、0.40、0.45下,分别配制含4种橡胶掺量的混凝土,在低温-30 ℃、常温20 ℃和0 ℃进行立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度试验研究.结果表明,低温条件下,不同水胶比的橡胶混凝土抗压和抗拉强度均有所提高,但强度变化有明显差异,水胶比越大,受低温的影响程度越显著.在0 ℃时,基准混凝土的强度较常温略有下降,随着橡胶掺量的增加,强度由减小转变为增大趋势.低温-30 ℃时,水胶比为0.35时,橡胶混凝土力学性能相对优越.     

纤维增强水泥基材料强度和微结构的影响因素研究

为了研究沙漠砂和PVA纤维的工程应用,采用单因素试验方案,探索了纤维长度、纤维掺量、粉煤灰掺量和砂类别等因素对纤维增强水泥基材料力学性能的影响,分析了抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度之间的相关性,并利用扫描电镜和压汞仪探究材料内部结构.结果 表明,随着纤维长度的变短和纤维掺量的增加,材料的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度均呈现增大的趋势且三者之间线性相关.随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,材料的抗压强度不断降低,劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度先增大后降低,粉煤灰的掺入改善了纤维-水泥基体界面.与石英砂对比,使用沙漠砂制备的材料劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度相对提高,沙漠砂由于较小的粒径造成了材料中大孔隙和中孔隙累积体积占比的增大.     

掺橡胶颗粒轻集料混凝土力学性能的试验研究

为了研究橡胶颗粒等体积替换轻集料混凝土中河砂对轻集料混凝土力学性能的影响,对20组共60个试件在替换率为10％、20％和30％时的力学性能进行了试验,测得不同替代率的轻集料混凝土的表观密度、立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弹性模量、轴心抗压强度以及棱柱体单轴受压应力-应变曲线,并对试验结果进行了分析.试验结果表明:轻集料混凝土的表观密度、立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弹性模量和轴心抗压强度随着橡胶颗粒替代率的提高而降低,棱柱体单轴受压应力-应变全曲线的峰值应变随着橡胶颗粒替代率的提高不断增大,峰值应变后曲线随着替代率的提高越发趋于平缓,抗压破坏模式由脆性破坏转变成延性破坏.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.