掺杂对高C3S水泥熟料烧成及C3S形成动力学的影响

利用铁尾矿作为作硅铝质原料进行生料配料(熟料率值KH =0.97,SM =2.5,IM =1.5),其中C3S含量超过70％.在此空白生料的基础上分别掺入氟、硫和氟硫复合阴离子,各试样分别在1300℃,1350℃,1400℃和1450℃下煅烧30 min,然后测定熟料中f-CaO的含量,并计算C3S的形成活化能.通过差热分析和XRD分析,研究高C3S熟料的烧成过程.结果表明:氟、硫的掺入能够显著改善生料的易烧性,大幅降低C3S的活化能,促进熟料的烧成.单掺时硫比氟的效果要好,氟硫复掺比单掺效果好.生料的差热分析表明,氟、硫能够使石灰石的分解温度降低10 ～20℃,同时能促进熟料的液相烧结.在1450℃时复掺氟硫熟料的主要矿相是C3S,还有少量的C2S,C3A和C4AF,表明高C3S水泥熟料已经烧成.     

烧成温度对C3S型硫铝酸盐水泥熟料矿物形成的影响

本文通过对不同烧成温度制备熟料矿相的分析,研究了烧成温度对C3S型硫铝酸盐水泥熟料矿物形成的影响。结果表明,提高烧成温度利于C3S型硫铝酸盐水泥熟料的烧结,但由于采用高钙配料,以及采用氟化钙、氧化锌复合矿化剂技术,在降低C3S形成温度的同时,也降低了C4A3S的分解温度,从而影响熟料矿物的形成、生长与分解。     

用硅钙渣烧制水泥熟料的研究

用不同比例的硅钙渣替代石灰石和黏土掺入水泥生料中,在不同的烧成温度(1200℃、1250℃、1300℃、1350℃、1400℃和1450℃)下进行煅烧,对烧成熟料的易烧性、矿物组成及矿物相的微观形貌进行分析.研究结果表明:在生料中掺加硅钙渣有助于液相形成、降低水泥熟料的烧成温度和改善生料的易烧性,更有利于烧成贝利特熟料,不利于烧成阿利特熟料.在生料中硅钙渣的掺量较高(60%)时,硅钙渣中微量氧化钠的存在使生料在烧成时形成不利于C3 S晶体形成和成长的碱性液相及价键较强AlO5-4和FeO5-4四面体,从而使烧成熟料中的C3 S矿物不论从外观还是Ca/Si摩尔比都接近C2 S矿物.     

低温矿物对水泥熟料烧成影响的初步研究

针对高阿利特水泥熟料矿物体系,采用掺加不同低温矿物配料的方法,研究了不同配料方式对C3S形成的影响。并通过化学分析、X射线衍射分析、岩相分析等手段研究了不同低温矿物在不同的煅烧制度下对水泥熟料形成过程的影响。试验结果表明：采用低温矿物配料能显著改善生料的易烧性。其中采用中间相型低温矿物配制的生料易烧性较好,使熟料的烧成温度降低了近50℃。同时采用中间相和C2S配制的生料易烧性更好,使熟料烧成温度降低了近100℃。     

掺SO3硅酸盐水泥熟料中矿物相形成过程研究

研究了工业原料配料生料中SO3含量为3％时,熟料主要矿物形成过程与含量变化.重点观察了C4A3($)(硫铝酸钙)在烧成过程中的变化情况.借助DSC-TG,X射线衍射法及岩相分析对水泥熟料的烧成过程进行了研究.结果表明,熟料中,C4A3($)在1050℃时即可形成,1290℃开始分解为C3A和C($);1350℃后C3S开始大量形成,1450℃取出急冷,f-CaO的含量小于1％,熟料中有6.2％C4A3($).1450℃保温不同0.Sh后,C4A3($)完全分解.对熟料矿物形成量进行理论计算,结果与实验结论一致.     

利用高钙粉煤灰烧制贝利特水泥熟料的试验探索

本文尝试使用循环流化床锅炉低温(900℃左右)烧成的高钙粉煤灰,取代粘土、部分取代石灰石配料.分别在1150 ℃、1250℃、1300℃、1350℃下烧制贝利特水泥熟料,通过f-CaO含量检测和XRD分析评价煅烧熟料的质量.试验结果表明:使用高钙粉煤灰配料,能烧制出以C<,2>S、C<,4>A<,3>(S)和C<,2>F为主要矿物的贝利特水泥熟料,熟料中的f-CaO含量随着煅烧温度的升高而降低,合适的煅烧温度为1300-1350℃.提高铝硅比有助于改善生料的易烧性,降低生料的煅烧温度,提高熟料中C<,4>A<,3>(S)的含量.     

用铅锌尾矿和页岩制备高C3S硅酸盐水泥熟料的研究

研究了采用铅锌尾矿和页岩配制的高C3S硅酸盐水泥生料的易烧性及所得熟料的性能.设计了18个熟料组成并分别在1350℃,1400℃,1450℃和1500℃下进行煅烧,对所得熟料作游离氧化钙及X射线衍射测试.结果表明1500℃下可以制备出C3S含量达74.52%的熟料.在工业回转窑正常煅烧温度下烧成了C3S含量达70.71%的熟料.部分熟料中加入4%的石膏制得水泥,其性能符合强度等级52.5R的硅酸盐水泥标准要求.加入20%尾矿粉后水泥可满足普通水泥42.5R的强度要求,掺加30%尾矿粉后水泥可达到普通水泥32.5R的强度要求.     

工业废渣-阴离子团多元复合掺杂对高C3S水泥熟料烧成及性能的影响

利用某些工业废渣并复合一些阴离子(团),以一定比例配入生料中,采用高饱和比、高硅率、高铝率配料,在实验室于正常烧成温度下烧成了3d和28d抗压强度分别达42MPa和84MPa、其它性能正常的高C3S水泥熟料(ARPC),实现了熟料的高胶凝性。废渣-阴离子多元复合掺杂通过改善C3S形成的动力学过程改善了生料的易烧性。熟料的高胶凝性一方面是由于熟料中C3S的含量高,另一方面是由于不同的离子以一定量固溶到C3S晶格,会稳定不同的晶型,杂质离子还会改变液相性质,调整CS晶貌,使得水泥熟料具有良好的微观结构。     

快凝快硬高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料烧成过程研究

利用XRD和TG-DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了快凝快硬高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料的烧成过程.研究结果表明:该水泥熟料的烧成温度范围在1250~1350℃之间,即(1300±50)℃,烧成范围与普通硫铝酸盐水泥熟料一样为100℃,但烧成温度要低50℃.当温度在1250℃以上时,硫的分解明显增加,因此快硬快硬高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料烧成温度不宜超过1350℃,以免硫的分解过多,造成C4A3(S)的分解,降低水泥强度.     

煅烧温度对水泥熟料主要矿物形成的影响

选取SP窑硅酸盐水泥熟料、NSP窑硅酸盐水泥熟料和低热水泥熟料在1350℃、1450℃和1500℃三种温度下进行煅烧,对每种熟料在不同温度煅烧下的样品进行XRD定性、定量分析和岩相分析.研究结果表明,高温煅烧后熟料中C3S主要以M1型和M3型存在,R型C3S不明显,未发现T型C3S.此外,煅烧温度的变化对熟料中各矿物晶型和含量影响较大.随温度升高,硅酸盐矿物中C3S总体含量通常提高,C2S含量降低;三种熟料中的C3A都呈减少趋势,而C4AF则呈增加趋势,总矿物在最高温度1500℃时达到最大值.随温度升高,矿物存在不同程度的晶型转变,通常M1型C3S向M3型C3S转变.不同温度下熟料的岩相也不同,比较各熟料岩相分析结果与XRD分析结果相吻合.     

Etherification of C5- and C8-Alkenes with C1- to C4-Alcohols

Etherification of two alkenes, 2-methyl-1-butene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, was studied with seven different C₁- to C₄-alcohols. Although etherification was of primary interest, the isomerisation of the alkenes was the main reaction to occur. For the primary alcohols the etherification and isomerisation rates correlated well with the properties of the alcohols. Both rates increased with decreasing polarity and with increasing carbon number, acidity and Mulliken charge of the oxygen atom of the alcohol. It is difficult to distinguish the effect of each property separately, and probably the differences in the reactivities are not due to any one property alone but rather the synergy of the properties affects the reactivities. The secondary alcohols behaved in a different way than the primary ones: the etherification was almost negligible. The effect of alcohol on the isomerisation of alkenes was notable even though alcohol does not directly react in the reaction, which was concluded to be due to the stronger adsorption of the more polar alcohols which hinders the reactions of other components.     

Hydrogenation of C=C and C=O groups on ruthenium-tin catalysts

The effect of addition of tin on the catalytic activity of Ru/C catalysts has been investigated in the liquid phase hydrogenation of -methylstyrene and hydrocinnamaldehyde. On increasing the Sn content, the amount of CO chemisorbed decreases, indicating a decrease in the number of Ru surface atoms. In the hydrogenation of -methylstyrene the specific activity of Ru (calculated per Ru surface atom) remains constant regardless of the Sn/Ru ratio. An increase of specific activity is however observed in the hydrogenation of hydrocinnamaldehyde. It is suggested that tin, present mainly as Sn ions, enhances the reactivity of the C=O group.     

Electrical properties of C/C and C/C-SiC ceramic fibre composites

The electrical properties of carbon/carbon (C/C) and carbon/carbon-silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) ceramic composites were measured. The results show that the capacitance decreases rapidly with an increase in frequency and it becomes constant above a frequency of 500 kHz, whereas the dissipation factor increases with increasing frequency. C/C-SiC composites give higher value than C/C composites due to the presence of microcracks.     

高性能C/C复合材料制备工艺研究

对制备C/C复合材料的化学气相渗透工艺进行了系统的实验研究,着重分析了热解碳的沉积过程。研究表明,在化学气相渗透的初始阶段,热解碳主要在碳纤维表面沉积,并与碳纤维之间形成了界面结合;随后,热解碳的沉积继续填充碳纤维预制体内部的气孔。这一过程有助于缓解纤维与陶瓷基体之间的界面应力。研究表明,通过调节热解碳的沉积时间可以得到具有一定密度梯度的C/C复合材料。     

碳5,碳9的延伸加工

介绍Ｃ５、Ｃ９馏分的组成、深加工的系列产品和应用。     

Interfacial shear strength of C/C composites

Fiber-bundle push-out, single-fiber push-in, and single-fiber push-out tests were conducted in order to examine the applicability of these methods for determining the interfacial shear strength of carbon-carbon composites. The fiber-bundle push-out test resulted mostly in fractures along the fiber/matrix interface but created a small amount of fractures in the matrix. Hence, the evaluated strength was regarded as an approximate value. In order to precisely evaluate the interfacial strength, push-in and push-out tests for a single fiber were performed using a micro-Vickers indentation tester. In these tests, the load has to be placed within a target fiber, and the indentation should not extend to the matrix. This condition restricted the load that could be applied to a carbon fiber. Within this limit, a single carbon fiber could not be pushed-in. For the sake of load reduction, single-fiber push-out tests were conducted using thin specimens. The thickness appropriate for a single-fiber push-out specimen was estimated based on the interfacial shear strength obtained by the bundle push-out tests. Below this thickness, single-fiber push-out tests could be successfully performed.     

XJF-200C/150C/120C三复合挤出生产线的调试

本文介绍了北京首创轮胎公司新建工厂三复合冷喂料挤出生产线的调试情况,对三复合冷喂料挤出机基本结构、工艺特点做了概述,并且通过生产线出型胎面调试过程中遇到的问题,采取相应措施进行解决做了详细说明,通过近两年来的运行情况,总结出本生产线的使用优势。     

Pt/C,Pd/C,Pd-Bi/C催化剂的应用研究

采用浸渍法制备 Pt/C,Pd/C和 Pd- Bi/C催化剂。将三种催化剂对葡萄糖的脱氢和加氧氧化两种反应的催化效果作对比研究 ,发现三种催化剂对这两个反应有着完全相反的催化顺序 :催化脱氢时 Pt/C效率最高 ,而加氧反应中 Pd- Bi/C却具有绝对优势。为解释此结果 ,结合催化剂的表征 [2 ] ,尝试提出了催化加氧和脱氢的机理 ,并确定了 Pd- Bi/C催化剂中的最佳 Bi/Pd比和两种催化反应的最佳工艺条件。实验结论 :Pt/C用于葡萄糖催化脱氢为可行的工业化途径 ,而 Pd- Bi/C对葡萄糖的催化加氧则具有挑战酶催化过程的能力 ,有一定的市场应用前景     

Biosynthesis of Epimers C2 and C2a in the Gentamicin C Complex

Gentamicin is a broad‐spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used to treat life‐threatening bacterial infections. The gentamicin C complex consists of gentamicin C1, gentamicin C1a, and epimers gentamicin C2 and gentamicin C2a. At present there is a generally accepted pathway of gentamicin biosynthesis, except for detailed understanding of the epimerization process involving gentamicins C2 and C2a. Here we have investigated the biosynthesis of these epimers. JI‐20B—an intermediate in the gentamicin biosynthetic pathway—and its epimer JI‐20Ba were generated by in‐frame deletion within genP, which encodes a phosphotransferase that catalyzes the first step of 3′,4′‐bisdehydroxylation in gentamicin biosynthesis. GenB1 and GenB2 are aminotransferases with different substrate specificities and enantioselectivities. JI‐20Ba, containing a 6′S chiral amine, a precursor of gentamicin C2a, was synthesized from G418 by GenQ/GenB1 through sequential oxidation/transamination at C‐6′. GenQ/GenB2 catalyzed the synthesis of JI‐20B, containing a 6′R chiral amine, a precursor of gentamicin C2, from G418. GenB2 catalyzed the epimerization of JI‐20Ba/JI‐20B and of gentamicins C2a/C2.     

碳四组分对碳二加氢系统的影响

论述了碳二加氢进料C4组分含量较高的原因及其对反应器的影响,提出了避免反应器飞温和出口漏炔的方法,减少乙烯损失,提高经济效益,节能降耗。