Na2O含量对日用玻璃贴花装饰用无铅熔剂性能的影响

以R2O-ZnO-B2O3-SiO2(ZBS)体系为日用玻璃贴花装饰用无铅熔剂的基础配方,通过调整Na2O的含量,探讨Na2O含量对熔剂性能的影响。采用热膨胀仪、光泽度仪、SEM及FT-IR对样品的热膨胀系数、光泽度及显微结构进行表征,分析熔剂组成-结构-性能之间的关系和变化规律。结果表明:样品的热膨胀系数α随Na2O的增加先增大后减小;光泽度、耐碱性随Na2O的增加而增大;耐酸性、彩烤温度随Na2O的增加而降低。当w(Na2O)=9.07%时,ZBS系统熔剂的α与玻璃基板的匹配性最好,光泽度能达到82,耐酸性最好,耐碱性甚至可以达到商业标准的4～5级。     

用于RTO蓄热的红柱石陶瓷的研究

采用蓄热材料将高温烟气的余热回收利用于预热助燃空气可以提高垃圾焚烧炉的效率,降低能耗。本文以红柱石为主要原料制备了用于垃圾焚烧炉的红柱石陶瓷蓄热体材料。测试了样品的吸水率、气孔率、体积密度、抗折强度和抗热震性能,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫面电子显微镜(SEM)和热膨胀仪等现代测试手段研究了样品相组成、结构和性能。结果表明:1420℃烧成的A5和A8配方样品性能较优,吸水率为0.1-0.87%,气孔率为0.24-1.98%,体积密度为2.28-2.43 g.cm-3,抗折强度为50.03-73.09MPa,抗热震性良好。A5样品(1420℃/2h)耐酸性为98.97%,耐碱性为97.72%,热膨胀系数为6.82×10-6℃-1。相组成分析表明,A5样品主晶相的为莫来石,A8样品为莫来石、碳化硅。SEM研究结果表明,样品中气孔分布均匀,平均尺寸为5-10μm,莫来石晶体被玻璃相包裹,赋予样品较高的强度,断裂方式主要是穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂相结合的断裂模式。可满足垃圾焚烧炉中的蓄热材料的要求。     

Li_2CO_3添加量对锂辉石-莫来石复相陶瓷材料性能的影响

以龙岩高岭土、锂辉石和石英为主要原料,经1200～1400℃烧成制备了锂辉石-莫来石复相陶瓷材料,并利用XRD和SEM等测试方法研究了Li_2CO_3对复相陶瓷的物相组成、显微结构及各项性能的影响。结果表明,经1320℃烧成B3配方样品(Li_2CO_3添加量为1.5 wt%)的综合性能最优(吸水率0.70%,体积密度2.13 g·cm~(-3),抗折强度48.1 MPa,热膨胀系数为2.61×10~(-6)℃~(-1))。Li_2CO_3提高锂辉石晶相含量的效果十分显著,有利于降低材料的热膨胀系数。从液相中析出的针棒状莫来石呈相互交织的形貌,赋予材料较高的抗折强度。     

热处理时间对无公害釉上熔剂耐碱性的影响

采用传统的熔制法制备了ABS系统无公害陶瓷釉上熔剂,研究了不同热处理时间对熔剂耐碱性和显微结构的影响。用光泽度仪、XRD及TEM等对样品的光泽度、物相组成和显微结构进行了分析。结果表明:620℃热处理能有效地提高熔剂的耐碱度,热处理20 h时所得熔剂的最佳耐碱度为69.8%,耐蚀性等级为1级。随着热处理时间的延长,产生的滴球状分相尺寸逐渐增大,20 h时分相尺寸多为60~80 nm。     

太阳能热发电用锂辉石低膨胀陶瓷的制备及其低膨胀机理研究

为拓展低膨胀陶瓷在太阳能热发电领域的应用,本文以澳州锂辉石、星子高岭土和山东石英为原料,通过半干压成型,无压烧成制备了锂辉石低膨胀陶瓷,对其相组成、微观结构、热稳定性和低膨胀机理进行了探讨。研究表明,经1330℃烧成的L2样品(锂辉石70wt%,高岭土20wt%,石英10wt%)的热稳定性最佳,其热膨胀系数为1.13×10-6℃-(10-900℃),抗折强度为53.02 MPa,经30次热震后(1000℃-室温,气冷),L2样品的抗折强度为56.17MPa(强度增加率为5.94%)。相组成和微观结构分析表明,L2样品的相组成为β-锂辉石(Li2O.Al2O.34SiO2)、莫来石(3Al2O.32SiO2)和少量的鳞石英(SiO2)。30次热震后,针棒状莫来石发育更为完全。β-锂辉石固溶游离态SiO2,使样品的热膨胀系数较低,莫来石和磷石英也使样品的抗热震性能得到改善,二者共同作用,赋予样品较好的高温热稳定性,使其满足太阳能热发电的使用要求。     

Al2MO3O12的制备及其负热膨胀性能研究

以分析纯Al2O3和MoO3为原料,采用固相法制备出负热膨胀材料Al2Mo3O12陶瓷.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)对样品的成分、断面形貌和微观结构进行分析;利用变温拉曼光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪( DSC)和热机械分析仪(TMA)对样品的相变温度和热膨胀特性进行分析.实验结果表明:在750℃烧结12h产物为纯度较高的单斜相Al2Mo3O12陶瓷,其断面的晶粒呈不规则的多边形、排列致密,晶粒均匀、大小约为30 μm;相变点为202℃,低频声子模和高频光学声子模对负热膨胀都有贡献.在230 ～ 700℃其平均热膨胀系数为-1.918×10-6/C,700 ～ 900℃的平均热膨胀系数为-4.6×10-/C.     

铝源对溶胶凝胶法制备锂辉石相微晶玻璃特性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有β锂辉石配比的锂铝硅微晶玻璃,采用3种不同铝源,分别为硝酸铝、硝酸铝与异丙醇铝,硝酸铝与异丙醇铝的摩尔比为1:1,或者完全采用异丙醇铝.在Ai(NO3)3·9H2O为铝源的样品中,在1 300℃煅烧处理后,得到样品的主晶相为β锂霞石相.而完全采用异丙醇铝或部分采用异丙醇铝为铝源的样品中,最终得到的是B-锂辉石相.采用不同铝源制备的样品的热膨胀系数并没有明显差别.800℃煅烧处理得到的样品具有正的膨胀系数,而1 300℃煅烧处理后样品具有负的膨胀系数,合理的设计煅烧处理温度,可以得到在某一测量温度范围内热膨胀系数为零的样品.采用不同铝源制备的锂铝硅微晶玻璃微观结构都为球形晶体颗粒,晶粒尺寸为2～4μm.     

阴极材料用Pr0.6-xNdxCa0.4FeO3-δ陶瓷的特性

以Pechini法合成了ABO3型钙钛矿结构的Pr0.6-xNdxCa0.4FeO3-δ(x=01,0.3,0.5)系列稀土复合氧化物粉体.用Fourier变换红外光谱和激光共焦Raman光谱对粉体烧结后样品的化学键及物相进行了表征.用热膨胀仪测定烧结样品的热膨胀系数.通过扫描电镜观察样品用作阴极材料时的微结构及阴极/电解质[钐掺杂氧化铈(samarium-doped ceria,SDC)]复合层的断口形貌.结果表明:1 200℃煅烧2h的样品的主晶相为正交钙钛矿,x=0.3的样品是正交与立方相的混合晶.在室温～1 000 ℃范围内,烧结样品的平均热膨胀系数为12.76x10-6/K,与SDC及La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.85Mg0.15O3-δ(LSGM)电解质的热膨胀系数一致.烧结样品内部孔隙分布均匀,孔隙率约35%,阴极/电解质复合层界面清晰.将复合氧化物粉体和SDC在1 200℃煅烧10h没有检测出第三相.     

阳极键合用Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃电学性能

采用合适的组分和二步热处理法制备了热膨胀系数与硅片匹配的Li2O-Al2O2-SiO2(LAS)微晶玻璃,并在满足键合所要求的热膨胀系数的基础上,通过调节成分和控制热处理制度,研究了微晶玻璃的导电和介电性能.结果表明:采用不同的热处理制度进行晶化处理,LAS微晶玻璃的主晶相均为β-锂辉石;607℃核化、980℃晶化时间均为3 h样品的热膨胀系数为31.16 ×10℃-1(200～400℃),与硅片热膨胀系数较接近;微晶玻璃的电阻率大于基础玻璃,且随温度的升高电阻率吴下降趋势;改变核化和晶化时间,在150～360℃范围内其电阻率变化不大;微晶玻璃的介电常数和介电损耗均小于基础玻璃,更适宜作为电子器件的绝缘封装材料.     

添加剂对堇青石合成温度及热膨胀系数的影响

采用煤系高岭土、滑石、镁砂为原料合成堇青石,主要探讨了添加剂对合成堇青石的性能影响。通过X-Ray衍射(XRD)分析,用K值法求算合成堇青石矿物相含量,在保证矿物相含量的前提下,探讨添加剂对热膨胀系数的影响。研究结果表明:添加剂的使用均能降低合成堇青石的热膨胀系数,不加添加剂的热膨胀系数为2.04×10-6/℃(20～1100℃);加入碳酸钡热膨胀系数为α=1.84×10-6/℃(20～1100℃);加入碳酸锂热膨胀系数为α=1.86×10-6/℃(20～1100℃)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。