g-C3N4/ZnO复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光光催化性能的研究

采用缩聚法合成了类石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4),并与商品ZnO复合得到新型复合光催化剂g-C3N4/ZnO。采用XRD、SEM和UV-vis DRS对催化剂进行了表征。以300 W的卤钨灯为光源(λ>420 nm),以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物进行了光催化实验。结果表明,与单纯的ZnO和g-C3N4相比,g-C3N4/ZnO复合催化剂的光催化性能有所提高,其中g-C3N4含量为7.0 wt%时光催化性能最好。     

g-C_3N_4/BiVO_4复合光催化剂的制备与光催化性能研究

通过原位复合的方法制备不同配比的g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附对所制备的材料进行表征。并通过光催化降解有机染料罗丹明B对其光催化活性进行测试。结果表明,部分g-C3N4附着在BiVO4表面,g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂比纯的BiVO4光催化效果要好,并且确定了最佳复合比例,同时对复合光催化剂性能提高的机理进行了讨论。     

g-C_3N_4/BiVO_4复合光催化剂的制备与光催化性能研究

通过原位复合的方法制备不同配比的g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附对所制备的材料进行表征。并通过光催化降解有机染料罗丹明B对其光催化活性进行测试。结果表明,部分g-C3N4附着在BiVO4表面,g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂比纯的BiVO4光催化效果要好,并且确定了最佳复合比例,同时对复合光催化剂性能提高的机理进行了讨论。     

Co3O4/g-C3N4复合光催化剂降解罗丹明B的研究

为提高石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)的光催化性能,采用3D花状ZIF-Co与g-C3N4混合热处理的方法制备了3D花状Co3O4/g-C3N4复合光催化剂,并将其用于光催化降解罗丹明B模拟染料废水。结果表明:当ZIF-Co与g-C3N4的质量比为5%时,制备的Co3O4/g-C3N4的光催化性能最佳,在可见光下照射30 min,其对罗丹明B的降解率可达90%以上,且该催化剂的重复稳定性好。在降解罗丹明B的过程中活性基团的作用顺序为·O2->h+>·OH。     

插层法制备g-C3N4/高岭石复合材料及其对罗丹明B的光催化机理研究

伴随着印染行业的快速发展,部分含有罗丹明B(RhB)的染料废水未经处理便被排出.因RhB较难自然降解,对环境造成了恶劣的影响.本文通过置换插层-煅烧法制备出g-C3 N4/高岭石复合材料,在恒温模拟太阳光催化系统下,研究了复合材料对RhB的光催化性能,并探讨其催化机理.结果表明,随g-C3 N4含量递增的复合光催化材料1g-C3 N4/K、2g-C3 N4/K、3g-C3 N4/K、4g-C3 N4/K和5g-C3 N4/K的催化性能呈先升后降的趋势,4g-C3 N4/K催化效果最好,光照6 h对RhB的降解率可达73％.进一步研究提出g-C3 N4/高岭石复合光催化材料的催化机理为光照激发复合光催化剂,产生具有较强氧化还原能力光生载流子空穴对,其可与RhB发生反应,使之氧化成小分子碳氢化合物或被矿化成二氧化碳和水.所制备的高岭石负载石墨相氮化碳光催化材料具有较好的亲水性,使得复合材料在染料溶液中有较好的分散性,有利于光催化过程的进行,有效实现了对RhB的光催化降解.     

响应曲面法优化g-C3N4/MIL-100(Fe)光催化性能研究

采用水热合成法制备了不同质量比的g-C3N4/MIL-100(Fe)复合光催化剂,利用XRD、SEM等方法对复合光催化剂进行了表征.在单因子实验的基础上,以亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率为响应因子,应用响应曲面法(RSM)对影响光催化亚甲基蓝(MB)降解率的主要因素进行了优化.创建了g-C3N4/MIL-100(Fe)光催化降解...     

新型g-C3N4/CuS复合材料的制备及光催化研究

一步水热法合成CuS修饰的石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4/CuS)复合光催化剂,通过FE-SEM、XRD、FTIR、UV-Vis-DRS等手段对其进行了表征,利用Cr(VI)溶液考察了g-C3N4/CuS在可见光下的光催化还原性能.实验结果表明,g-C3N4/CuS复合光催化剂的光催化活性明显优于单一的g-C3N4和CuS.可见光照射下,180 min内Cr(VI)的去除率可达70％以上.CuS的引入不仅扩宽了g-C3N4的可见光吸收范围,而且降低了g-C3N4光生电子和空穴的复合率,从而显著提高g-C3N4的光催化活性.该复合材料的催化活性受溶液的pH值影响较大,酸性条件下更有利于光催化反应的进行;共存低浓度腐殖酸对Cr(VI)的去除没有显著影响.g-C3N4/CuS具有良好的可见光催化活性,可用于废水中Cr(VI)的光催化还原去除.     

Bi2O3分级结构/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及性能

蝶翅分级结构有利于光捕获的特性。以蝶翅为模板,通过浸泡煅烧方法制备具有蝶翅分级结构的Bi2O3(BHS),然后通过机械混合结合煅烧工艺合成BHS/g-C3N4。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis和PL等方法对样品进行表征,结果表明:与BHS相比,复合催化剂不仅光捕获性能得到提高,而且更有利于光生电子-空穴的分离。此外,对复合催化剂的可见光催化性能进行了测试,结果表明:复合光催化剂的性能明显优于BHS和g-C3N4。其中,BHS与g-C3N4比例为1∶1时光催化性能最好,其优异的光催化性能是分级结构和复合组分协同作用的效果。     

N-TiO2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用水热法制备N掺杂TiO2,将其与二氰二胺混合进行高温焙烧合成N-TiO2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂。采用XRD、UV-Vis、N2吸附-脱附和SEM等对催化剂进行微观结构表征,以200W氙灯模拟光源并过滤掉420nm以下的紫外光,对比研究TiO2、g-C3N4、N-TiO2和复合光催化剂对罗丹明B的可见光降解性能。结果表明,N掺杂后TiO2的禁带宽度降低,催化活性提高;而复合光催化剂可见光吸收边距相对N-TiO2进一步红移,禁带宽度为2.75eV,降解罗丹明B的一级动力学常数k可达0.12158min-1,是g-C3N4、N-TiO2的2倍;复合催化剂重复使用4次后,对罗丹明B的降解率仍达92%以上,表明催化剂具有较好的光催化活性和稳定性。     

MoS2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂催化降解H2S的研究

采用热处理法合成了g-C3N4,通过光照沉积法将MoS2原位沉积到g-C3N4表面的活性位点,制备了MoS2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂,采用XRD、XPS和BET对MoS2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的结构进行了表征:MoS2负载到g-C3N4表面,且未改变g-C3N4的晶体结构,同时具有较大的比表面积.考察了MoS2负...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。