硅铝质尾矿基地聚合物水泥粉料的制备及其砂浆强度性能

以富含Si、Al的尾矿作为硅铝原料(基质),以硅灰和钙质掺和料(矿渣和钢渣)作为辅助材料,在低温煅烧条件下制备地聚合物水泥粉料.以向粉料中"直接加水"形成的砂浆试样的7d抗压强度作为考察指标,通过正交实验得出最优的原料配方和烧制温度,并通过SEM、XRD、TG-DSC和FTIR对代表性试样的微观结构进行表征.结果表明:"钙质掺合料与尾矿的质量比例"这一因素对砂浆试样的抗压强度影响最大;以矿渣和钢渣为钙质掺合料在最优方案下制备的砂浆试样的7d抗压强度分别达到12.5 MPa和8.5 MPa,对它们进行蒸压养护可使其抗压强度有所提升;微观结构分析共同验证了由钙质掺合料生成的水化硅酸钙(CSH)未对地聚合物的主体凝胶相产生负面影响,反而有利于改善试样的微结构,提高试样的强度性能.     

钢渣-矿渣复合胶凝材料对砂浆性能影响的试验研究

建筑材料中使用工业固体废弃物是节能减排的重要途径之一,本文采用钢渣和矿渣复合水泥作为胶凝材料制备水泥砂浆,并结合XRD、SEM和粒度分析等微观测试方法,对钢渣-矿渣复合胶凝材料活性及对砂浆性能的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,当采用比表面积为400 m~2/kg和450 m~2/kg的钢渣,替代矿粉量达到10%时,钢渣-矿渣复合胶凝材料的活性可满足S95级矿粉活性的要求;钢渣的比表面积和掺量不同对砂浆的保水性影响不大,但对砂浆的稠度影响较大;为使砂浆强度满足使用要求,不同比表面积钢渣的最大掺量不宜超过30%;当采用钢渣作为活性矿物掺合料时,应采用与水泥和矿渣粒径相匹配的粒径分布,并通过试验确定掺量。     

低活性铝硅质尾矿基矿物聚合材料的抗化学侵蚀性能研究

以某低活性铝硅质尾矿作为硅铝原料(基质),分别与四种不同的铝校正料复合,在碱硅酸盐溶液激发作用下制备矿物聚合材料;同时将该尾矿与硅灰以及钙质原料(包括矿渣和钢渣)复合制备“免配碱激发剂溶液型”矿物聚合材料.对各试样的抗化学侵蚀性能进行测试,并与普通硅酸盐水泥砂浆试样进行对比;在微观上借助SEM和FTIR对代表性试样进行表征.结果表明,以铝酸盐水泥为铝校正料制备的矿物聚合材料试样经H2 SO4溶液侵蚀后有较多沸石相生成,其抗化学侵蚀性能较为良好;普通硅酸盐水泥砂浆试样经硫酸盐侵蚀后其初期强度有所提高,但后期强度可能会因钙矾石的增多而降低.     

复合矿物掺和料对薄灰缝砌筑砂浆强度影响的研究

在宏观层面上进行了关于粉煤灰、矿渣两种矿物掺和料对薄灰缝砌筑砂浆不同龄期(7,28 d)抗折、抗压强度影响规律的研究。其中,研究变量包括两种掺和料单、双掺时等质量替代水泥的掺量及双掺时两者之间相互比例、各自细度等因素。结果表明,单掺时仅10%掺量的粉煤灰能略提高砂浆强度,约提高5%;相同粉煤灰掺量下,粉煤灰研磨细度对提升砂浆强度有促进作用。砂浆各龄期强度随矿渣单掺量增加而持续下降。当粉煤灰、矿渣混掺时,两者特定比例(15%研磨20 min粉煤灰+15%研磨40 min矿渣)组合能较大幅度提升薄灰缝砌筑砂浆抗压强度,最高可提高19%。在微观层面上从各种颗粒的微观形态、尺寸及级配等因素角度出发进行了解释并对水泥-粉煤灰-矿渣三维胶凝体系进行了分析。     

岩棉炉渣水硬活性及其水泥砂浆的耐久性分析

为循环利用岩棉生产过程中排出的炉渣废料,将其磨成3个细度的粉体,分别与岩棉纤维粉、粉煤灰和粒化高炉矿渣粉(简称矿粉)进行对比分析.结果表明:炉渣主要化学成分及含量接近粉煤灰.炉渣中玻璃体含量较高,同时存在少量结晶相,结晶度为5.28％.提高炉渣粉磨细度可显著增加活性.450 kg/m2比表面积的炉渣粉强度活性指数比粉煤灰高出约10％,低于同等细度的矿粉.掺入炉渣粉的水泥砂浆试件抗渗和抗冻性优于粉煤灰砂浆,而低于矿粉砂浆试件.孔结构测试分析表明,炉渣粉水泥砂浆孔隙率和多害孔含量介于矿粉水泥砂浆和粉煤灰水泥砂浆之间.粉磨制备的岩棉炉渣粉体具备作为矿物掺合料的可行性.     

矿物掺合料对水泥耐酸性的影响及配比设计

以硅粉、粉煤灰和矿渣为矿物掺和料,采用XRD和SEM研究了矿物掺和料对水泥水化产物、水泥石结构和形貌的影响,探讨了酸溶液对水泥的腐蚀机理,并对矿物掺和料配比进行优化设计,以提高水泥的耐酸性.研究结果表明:掺加矿物掺和料有利于改善水泥石孔结构,降低水泥碱度,当硅粉、粉煤灰和矿渣以占水泥质量5%,10%和15%的配比掺入时,水泥的耐酸性最好.     

钢渣代砂对砂浆收缩性能的研究

钢渣代砂制备的砂浆具有密度大,强度高,抗渗性好等优点.将钢渣砂破碎至中砂粒度,作为细骨料制备砂浆,对钢渣代砂砂浆的收缩性能进行研究.研究表明:f-Cao含量过高的钢渣不宜作砂浆细骨料,从长期的干燥收缩性能来看,钢渣代砂砂浆的收缩性能符合使用要求.     

钢渣水泥抹面砂浆性能研究

本文研究了钢渣、矿渣、石膏和粉煤灰对钢渣水泥抹面砂浆性能的影响。结果表明:钢渣水泥复合材料抗压强度和抗折强度随着钢渣掺量的增加而呈减小的趋势;矿渣(20%)复配改性钢渣水泥复合材料,28d最佳抗压强度和抗折强度(49.2MPa和6.8MPa)分别较未掺矿渣的提高了3.3%和16.2%;当脱硫石膏掺量在3%时,可提高钢渣-水泥-矿渣力学性能;当增塑剂掺量控制在0.4%,水泥抹灰砂浆施工性能较好,砂率在1:4时,钢渣水泥抹灰砂浆28d抗压强度可达到13.5MPa(满足M10等级要求),当砂率为1:5时,钢渣水泥抹灰砂浆28d抗压强度可达到7.5MPa(满足M5等级要求)。     

双掺矿渣粉煤灰混凝土试验研究

粒化高炉矿渣是炼铁过程的副产品 ,以玻璃体结构为主 ,约占 85 % ,具有较高的活性。磨细矿渣可与水反应形成水化产物 ,在有激发剂的条件下 ,其胶凝性能充分发挥。矿渣复合掺和料作为混凝土的掺和料 ,可满足建筑市场对高性能混凝土的需求 ,也可以用作水泥混合材 ,以改善水泥性能 ,扩大水泥品种。在混凝土中掺入矿物外掺料 ,不单出于经济需要 ,更主要地在于提高混凝土的性能。随着高性能混凝土应用技术的发展和进步 ,对优质矿物掺合料的需求越来越大 ,而对于某些特殊工程 ,只加入单一的矿物掺合料 ,有时不能满足需要 ,如配制高性能混凝土时就…     

水玻璃-矿渣水泥砂浆的抗碳化性能

通过酚酞试剂、XRD、SEM分析等方法,对水玻璃激发的碱矿渣水泥砂浆的抗碳化性能进行了研究.试验结果表明:水玻璃-矿渣水泥砂浆的碳化比硅酸盐水泥砂浆严重;碳化深度随碱当量的增大而减小;随水玻璃模数增大,砂浆的碳化深度先减小后增大,模数为1.2时,碱矿渣水泥砂浆抗碳化性能最好;水玻璃-矿渣水泥砂浆碳化后所生成的碳酸钙主要以方解石和霰石的形式存在,水玻璃-矿渣水泥砂浆碳化后抗压强度会降低.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。