抗硫酸盐侵蚀防腐剂对混凝土性能影响

在相同配合比条件下,选用三种不同性能的水泥配制混凝土,研究不同种类胶凝材料对混凝土的工作性能、力学性能以及抗侵蚀性能的影响.通过SEM扫描电镜观察混凝土3d、7d、28 d的浆体—骨料界面过渡区的微观结构以及水化产物形貌.试验结果表明:掺入10％ SSP防腐剂后,混凝土的工作性能、力学性能均优于基准和抗硫酸盐水泥混凝土.水泥水化后期,浆体—骨料界面过渡区很难区分,水化产物增多.SSP防腐剂可以促进水泥的水化程度,生成较多的钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶,使结构更致密,提高混凝土的抗侵蚀性能.     

低温条件下超细粉煤灰水泥砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的研究

针对新疆低温条件下建筑物的硫酸盐侵蚀问题,研究了掺入超细粉煤灰对水泥混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响.试验比较了在5℃、5％硫酸盐浓度的侵蚀溶液中,30％、45％和60％掺量超细粉煤灰条件下,不同水泥混凝土试件的质量损失率和抗压强度性能.试验结果显示,在硫酸盐侵蚀下,未掺加超细粉煤灰的空白试件质量损失和抗压强度损失均较高,...     

防腐阻锈剂对混凝土性能影响试验研究

将防腐阻锈剂按照不同比例等量取代普硅水泥配制混凝土,研究其对混凝土抗压强度、抗硫酸盐侵蚀系数、氯离子渗透系数、腐蚀电量等性能指标的影响,并通过SEM扫描电镜观察混凝土3 d、7 d、28 d的水泥水化产物形貌.研究结果表明:掺入防腐阻锈剂后,混凝土的工作性能、后期力学性能、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能、氯离子渗透性能、抗氯盐侵蚀性能明显优于基准混凝土;防腐阻锈剂的掺入消耗了水泥中的C3A、水泥水化产生的Ca(OH)2,生成钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶,产生微膨胀效应使混凝土结构更加致密,提高了抗硫酸盐、氯盐侵蚀性能.     

掺石灰石粉混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能及改善机理

为提高掺石灰石粉混凝土在硫酸盐环境下的耐久性能,研究掺石灰石粉混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能以及粉煤灰/矿粉改善机理,通过混凝土硫酸盐干湿循环实验,得到试件外观及抗压强度变化,采用傅里叶红外光谱、XRD、SEM/EDS分析探究侵蚀产物物相组成.研究结果表明,硫酸钠结晶作用和生成的侵蚀产物石膏导致试件膨胀开裂,强度性能下降.石灰石粉的掺入增加了侵蚀产物中石膏的含量,从而引起混凝土试件抗侵蚀性能的下降,单掺25％和50％(质量分数)石灰石粉试件抗压强度耐蚀系数分别下降了23.1％和33.9％.粉煤灰/矿粉与石灰石粉互掺时表现出互补的协同效应,改善了掺石灰石粉混凝土抗硫酸盐干湿循环侵蚀的性能.矿粉的效果优于粉煤灰,胶凝材料采用66％水泥-17％石灰石粉-17％(质量分数)矿粉组成的混凝土表现出最优的抗侵蚀性能.     

干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀下矿物掺和料对混凝土耐久性的影响

研究了干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀耦合作用下,纯水泥混凝土、粉煤灰掺量10%和20%的粉煤灰混凝土及矿粉掺量15%和30%的矿粉混凝土的质量损失率、抗压强度和氯离子扩散系数的演变规律.采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析研究了侵蚀后试件的微观形貌与物质元素组成.结果表明干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀耦合作用下混凝土性能发展分为2个阶段:即侵蚀初期性能的提高段与随后性能的劣化段:矿物掺和料的掺入不能改善混凝土的抗干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀性能.     

低温(10℃)-干湿循环下水泥砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀试验研究

在低温(10 ℃)-干湿循环双重环境下,对不同水灰比不同胶凝材料方案的水泥砂浆试件的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能进行了试验研究,其中水灰比采用0.5和0.36,胶凝材料分别为普通硅酸盐水泥、中抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥和在普通硅酸盐水泥中分别掺入15%矿粉+1%硅灰和15%矿粉+3%硅灰.结果表明:在低温(10 ℃)-干湿循环双重条件下,既存在化学侵蚀又存在物理侵蚀,但是以物理侵蚀为主;通过降低水灰比或者使用抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥能显著提高砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能;在不同的水灰比下,复掺矿粉和硅灰会得到不同的效果,在低水灰比时能提高抗硫酸盐侵蚀的性能,在高水灰比时反而会降低抗硫酸盐侵蚀的性能.     

石膏矿渣水泥混凝土抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能研究

石膏矿渣水泥具有低水化热、良好抗化学侵蚀性能等优点,是一种低碳绿色胶凝材料。为了明确原材料对石膏矿渣水泥混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响,对比研究了不同化学组成及活性矿粉制备的石膏矿渣水泥混凝土的强度发展及抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能。结果表明:提高矿粉中Al₂O₃含量可以有效提高石膏矿渣水泥混凝土早期3 d强度;石膏矿渣水泥混凝土在硫酸钠环境下表现出强度软化型劣化;提高水泥用量、降低水灰比可以有效提高低活性矿粉制备的石膏矿渣水泥混凝土的抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能,但不利于高活性矿粉制备的石膏矿渣水泥混凝土的抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能。研究为低活性矿粉制备石膏矿渣水泥混凝土及其寿命预测提供试验数据支撑。     

渗透结晶材料改善混凝土抗蚀增强的效果及机理

通过在纯水泥混凝土和粉煤灰、矿粉混凝土中掺入渗透结晶材料制备不同混凝土,同时制备基准混凝土,测试不同混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,用以研究渗透结晶材料对混凝土的抗蚀增强效果。同时,从孔结构分析和物相分析两方面揭示其抗蚀增强机理。试验结果表明:渗透结晶材料的应用显著提高了混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。当混凝土中掺有粉煤灰、矿粉等掺合料时,渗透结晶材料的改善效果更好。对其进行微观分析发现,渗透结晶材料的掺入提高了混凝土结构的致密性,降低总孔隙率,有害的毛细孔含量减小,并且减少了混凝土中可参与硫酸盐侵蚀反应的物质,表现出良好的抗蚀增强性能。     

氢氧化钡对水泥砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响

硫酸盐侵蚀是影响混凝土耐久性的重要因素之一。本文通过砂浆质量、超声波传播速度、抗压强度等宏观性能研究了不同氢氧化钡掺量对砂浆试件抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响,并基于差示量热分析(DSC-TG)和X-射线衍射分析(XRD)对侵蚀产物相进行分析,探究氢氧化钡掺量对其抗侵蚀性能的影响机制。研究结果表明：在硫酸钠侵蚀环境下,早期形成的石膏类侵蚀产物会填充在水泥基材料的孔隙中,导致质量、超声波传播速率和抗压强度呈现早期增长,后期大量石膏的形成会导致其宏观性能快速降低;氢氧化钡掺量在1%以内时能够提高砂浆的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,当氢氧化钡掺量为1.5%时,砂浆的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能急剧下降;掺入一定量的氢氧化钡能够与侵入的硫酸根离子发生反应形成BaSO₄,可降低侵蚀产物石膏的形成,使其抗侵蚀性能得到了提升。     

全浸泡作用下混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能试验研究

研究了不同水胶比混凝土试件在(20 ±2)℃全浸泡作用下的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能.试验制作了0.32与0.36两种水胶比的普通硅酸盐水泥、中抗硫水泥以及矿粉-硅灰复掺的混凝土试件,试件标养28 d后,测定了各试件在(20 ±2)℃的3%Na2SO4溶液中全浸泡侵蚀的抗压侵蚀系数、相对动弹性模量,并且测定了侵蚀240 d后混凝土的含气量和连通孔隙率,对混凝土在(20 ±2)℃下的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能进行了评价.结果表明:在(20 ±2)℃全浸泡作用下,(1)混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能E>A>B,中抗硫水泥主要通过限制C3A的含量,进而改善混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,不一定在任何环境下都适用;(2)0.36水胶比混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能低于0.32水胶比混凝土,抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能随着水胶比的降低而提高;(3)低水胶比混凝土复掺矿粉-硅灰后抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能得到显著的提高;(4)混凝土抗压侵蚀系数和相对动弹性模量高度相关,侵蚀240 d后,不同配比混凝土的含气量与连通孔隙率趋势极为接近,相关系数为0.93,因此可以合理选择试验评价指标,减少原材料浪费和试验工作量.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.