水泥-白云石粉浆体流变性能研究

试验采用旋转黏度计测定了水泥-白云石粉浆体剪切应力和塑性黏度随剪切速率变化的规律,对所测浆体T-γ曲线采用Bingham流体模型进行拟合,得到浆体屈服应力和塑性黏度,采用Power Law流体模型拟合出浆体的流变指数,并用触变环面积表征浆体的触变性.研究结果表明:在0 ～ 30％掺量范围内,随白云石粉掺量的增大,水泥浆体的屈服应力、塑性黏度和触变性均逐渐增加;白云石粉细度对浆体屈服应力和塑性黏度影响较小.     

水泥-粉煤灰-石灰石粉复合浆体的流变性能

采用Rheolab QC型旋转黏度计研究了水泥–粉煤灰–石灰石粉复合浆体的流变性能,分析了不同粉体含量以及石灰石粉颗粒粒径对复合浆体屈服应力、塑性黏度以及触变性的影响。结果表明:复合浆体中石灰石粉掺量增大或颗粒粒径减小,浆体屈服应力、塑性黏度和触变性均增大;随剪切速率增大,水泥–粉煤灰–石灰石粉复合浆体发生显著的剪切稀化现象,随后塑性黏度渐趋稳定,掺入石灰石粉后,提高了浆体由剪切稀化向塑性黏度逐渐稳定时需要的剪切速率;在水泥–粉煤灰体系浆体中掺入质量分数为20%～40%石灰石粉能够显著改善浆体的流变性能,提高浆体的稳定性。     

基于稳态流变测试的水泥浆体剪切模式研究

采用RHEORIAB QC型旋转黏度计测定不同剪切方式下水泥浆体稳态流变曲线,并用修正宾汉姆流变模型对其进行拟合,研究了剪切方式对水泥浆体稳态流变测试的影响.结果表明:预剪切对水泥浆体动态屈服应力和塑性黏度影响不大.恒定剪切变形速率小于、等于、大于、偏大于水泥浆体结构抗剪切破坏能力时,剪切应力随时间分别先线性增加接着保持同一值、直接保持恒定值、先减小接着保持同一值、轻微增加后达到平衡.随剪切速率增加,水泥浆体在0.1～100 s-1、100～400 s-1、400～600 s-1三个区段依次呈现出剪切变稀、宾汉姆流体、剪切增稠的流变行为.剪切速率变化范围向剪切变稀或剪切增稠段移动,水泥浆体动态屈服应力减小、塑性黏度增大;单个剪切速率的剪切时间越长,水泥浆体动态屈服应力、塑性黏度均越小.     

乳胶粉掺量对纤维素醚改性水泥浆体流变性能的影响

采用Anton Paar MCR 302型流变仪研究了乳胶粉掺量对纤维素醚改性水泥浆体流变性能和触变性的影响.结果表明,掺入乳胶粉的纤维素醚改性水泥浆体表现为剪切稀化的流变特性,当剪切速率较小时,浆体黏度下降显著.乳胶粉掺量越大,浆体基于Herschel-Bulkey模型拟合得到的屈服应力和黏度系数均越大.并且乳胶粉能...     

剪切速率和温度对低水胶比水泥浆流变性能的影响

水泥浆体的流变性能不仅与材料本身有关,还受环境及外部作用影响。本文针对水泥基材料实际工程中存在的主要外部影响因素,即剪切作用与环境温度,研究了两者对低水胶比水泥浆流变性能的耦合作用。结果表明:水泥浆体在剪切过程中的流变行为与所施加的预剪切有关,水泥浆体的屈服应力随预剪切速率的增大而减小,剪切增稠的程度随预剪切速率的增大而增大;温度升高,水泥颗粒对减水剂的吸附量增加,浆体在不同剪切速率下的平衡表观黏度减小;温度和剪切速率对水泥浆平衡表观黏度的影响具有耦合效应,剪切速率越高,温度的影响越小,反之亦然,并建立了不同温度和剪切速率下平衡表观黏度的数学关系。     

新拌水泥基材料的流变特性、模型和测试研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

新拌的水泥基材料是典型的屈服应力流体,由不同粒径的固体颗粒形成的悬浮液组成,其固体颗粒的范围从亚微米级到厘米级。当受到剪切作用时流体内部存在两种相反的作用,分别会导致流体发生剪切稀化和剪切增稠,流体的流变特性由二者共同决定。本文对新拌水泥基材料的流变机理、模型以及流变仪测量方面的研究进展进行了综述,对具有代表性的流变模型,包括Bingham模型、Modified Bingham模型和Herschel-Bulkley模型等的特点、适用条件等进行了分类总结。影响流变特性的主要因素是固体颗粒体积分数和剪切速率,当剪切速率与剪切应力之间存在非线性关系时,难以根据流变仪的测量数据建立流变方程。本文中讨论了一些建立模型的新方法,通过计算流体力学和离散元理论相结合可以较好地模拟水泥基材料流变特性。     

新拌水泥基材料的流变特性、模型和测试研究进展

新拌的水泥基材料是典型的屈服应力流体,由不同粒径的固体颗粒形成的悬浮液组成,其固体颗粒的范围从亚微米级到厘米级。当受到剪切作用时流体内部存在两种相反的作用,分别会导致流体发生剪切稀化和剪切增稠,流体的流变特性由二者共同决定。本文对新拌水泥基材料的流变机理、模型以及流变仪测量方面的研究进展进行了综述,对具有代表性的流变模型,包括Bingham模型、Modified Bingham模型和Herschel-Bulkley模型等的特点、适用条件等进行了分类总结。影响流变特性的主要因素是固体颗粒体积分数和剪切速率,当剪切速率与剪切应力之间存在非线性关系时,难以根据流变仪的测量数据建立流变方程。本文中讨论了一些建立模型的新方法,通过计算流体力学和离散元理论相结合可以较好地模拟水泥基材料流变特性。     

水泥浆体屈服应力和黏度与其测试分析影响因素研究

采用RHEOLAB QC型旋转黏度计,分别以转速与剪切速率为控制变量测定了水泥浆体稳态流变曲线,分别用Couette转换与流变模型研究了水泥浆体屈服应力和黏度与测试及分析影响因素之间的关系.结果表明:Couette转换能反映测试条件变化对屈服应力和黏度的影响;增大试样筒与转子的间距,由转速转化的剪切速率增大,颗粒迁移作用增强,动态屈服应力递减,塑性黏度递增;增大试样筒外壁的摩擦系数,浆体与外筒壁间相对运动情况不发生变化,对动态屈服应力与塑性黏度基本无影响;依据拟合相关系数,流变模型中Herschel-Bulkley模型的吻合程度最好;依据结果标准差,Herschel-Bulkley模型的动态屈服应力结果稳定性最好,Bingham与改进Bingham模型的塑性黏度结果的稳定性相差不大.     

磨细矿渣复合浆体流变参数与流动度的相关性

通过减水剂用量控制复合浆体流动度,采用改进的非线性Bingham模型,对不同净浆流动度的高掺量磨细矿渣复合浆体的屈服应力、塑性黏度、触变面积、最大剪切应力等流变参数进行了研究及回归分析。结果表明:矿渣复合浆体的屈服应力、塑性黏度与净浆流动度呈负指数函数关系,触变面积、最大剪切应力与净浆流动度呈线性关系;与同流动度的普通水泥浆体相比,矿渣复合浆体的屈服应力较小,塑性黏度、触变面积、最大剪切应力较大。     

硅酸盐水泥—阳离子乳化沥青浆体的流变模型

硅酸盐水泥--乳化沥青浆体的流变性决定了水泥乳化沥青砂浆的施工性能,并影响高速铁路板式无砟轨道砂浆充填层的施工质量和耐久性。采用P·II52.5R硅酸盐水泥和阳离子乳化沥青制备了不同配合比的硅酸盐水泥--阳离子乳化沥青(PC-CEA)浆体。在25℃用同轴旋转流变仪测量各种PC-CEA浆体的流变曲线。用不同流变模型拟合实测的PC-CEA浆体的剪切应力和剪切应变数据,分析了其流变行为和组成配比的关系。结果表明:PC-CEA浆体具有屈服应力和触变性,并主要呈剪切变稀行为;依据拟合良好性,Herschel-Bulkley模型最适合表征PC-CEA浆体流变性;由该模型拟合获得的PC-CEA浆体的屈服应力和稠度系数随浆体中水泥占浆体总体积分数(水泥体积分数)增加而增加,随着浆体中水泥和沥青颗粒的体积分数(固体体积分数)的减小而减小;当固体体积分数≤40%时,PC-CEA浆体出现剪切增稠行为。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.