水泥-脱硫灰-脱硫石膏复掺对淤泥固化性能的影响

采用燃煤电厂通过脱硫工序产生的脱硫灰、脱硫石膏及水泥对白马湖淤泥进行固化试验.抗压强度结果表明,淤泥中单掺水泥时,固化土强度随水泥掺量的增加而增加;水泥、脱硫灰和脱硫石膏三者复掺时,总掺量一定时,三者的最优比例为6∶3∶1,此时强度最佳且高于水泥单掺的强度.此外,还借助SEM对水泥-脱硫灰-脱硫石膏固化淤泥质土的机理进行了探讨.     

水泥-脱硫灰-脱硫石膏复掺对淤泥固化性能的影响

采用燃煤电厂通过脱硫工序产生的脱硫灰、脱硫石膏及水泥对白马湖淤泥进行固化试验。抗压强度结果表明,淤泥中单掺水泥时,固化土强度随水泥掺量的增加而增加;水泥、脱硫灰和脱硫石膏三者复掺时,总掺量一定时,三者的最优比例为6:3:1,此时强度最佳且高于水泥单掺的强度。此外,还借助SEM对水泥-脱硫灰-脱硫石膏固化淤泥质土的机理进行了探讨。     

水泥固化锌污染红粘土力学特性及强度预测

将重金属污染土与水泥混合固化处理后,可防止重金属向周围进一步扩散,并可作为稳定的固化材料用于浅层地基等非敏感区域,达到污染土二次利用的目的.将人工制备的锌污染红粘土通过水泥固化处理后,进行无侧限抗压强度试验,研究不同水泥掺量、污染物浓度和养护龄期下固化物的无侧限压缩变形特性.研究结果表明:锌离子浓度对水泥固化土的强度和变形模量存在阈值,且随着水泥掺量的增加,浓度阈值增加.锌离子浓度在5000mg·kg-以内,固化土的应力-应变曲线经历弹性变形阶段、弹塑性变形阶段、破坏阶段和残余强度阶段,且水泥掺量大于8％时,破坏应变随龄期增加而增大.锌离子浓度在10000 mg·kg-1时,固化物的弹性变形阶段经历短暂后直接进入残余强度阶段.固化物的变形模量随着锌离子的增加而减小,但当水泥掺量10％时,少量的锌离子会提高固化产物的变形模量.通过对不同水泥掺量、养护龄期和污染物浓度的固化物强度进行拟合分析,最终得到了与试验结果吻合度较高的水泥固化锌污染红粘土强度预测经验公式.     

石膏对掺高钙粉煤灰水泥基材料力学性能的影响

试验研究了石膏对掺高钙粉煤灰的水泥水化的影响。结果表明,石膏可以促进掺高钙粉煤灰水泥基材料的水化,但也会导致其自由膨胀率增大,石膏掺量过大时还会使其早期强度下降,但对后期强度影响不大。在利用高钙粉煤灰作为水泥混合材料或混凝土掺合料时必须通过试验确定适宜的石膏掺量,以达到最佳的力学性能和好的体积稳定性。     

碱渣-石膏-水泥联合固化粉土的力学特性及微观机理研究

本文通过采用无侧限抗压强度试验、扫描电镜、低场核磁共振试验方法,研究了龄期、碱渣、石膏等工业固废综合掺配作用下对水泥土强度的影响规律和固化机理。结果表明：单掺碱渣+水泥时,碱渣改良水泥土强度随水泥与碱渣掺量的增加而增加;单掺石膏+水泥时,石膏改良水泥土强度随着石膏掺量的增加先大幅上升,随后会有下降趋势,最优石膏掺量比为水泥∶石膏=10∶3。通过多组正交试验得到,水泥∶碱渣∶石膏=10∶5∶3时为最优复合配比。通过扫描电镜和低场核磁共振试验发现,碱渣提供的碱性环境使水化反应更为充分,而石膏会在固化土中形成了钙矾石以填充孔隙,使大孔隙比例明显下降,且中孔隙比例明显提高。     

脱硫石膏钢渣无熟料水泥对软土固化效果的研究

利用脱硫石膏钢渣无熟料水泥固化软土,既可以充分利用工业废渣,又能减少水泥的用量,保护自然资源.通过研究在不同掺入比和不同龄期时固化土的无侧限抗压强度,分析了掺入比、龄期对固化土强度的影响.试验结果表明,脱硫石膏无熟料水泥固化早期强度较低,与水泥相比不同掺入比时随龄期的增长固化强度变化较大.当脱硫石膏钢渣无熟料水泥的掺入比较水泥的掺入比大5％时,在龄期达到28 d以后,其固化强度与水泥土的固化强度相当.     

石膏掺量及粉磨细度对水泥强度的影响

在水泥配比当中 ,采用混合材优化组合的方法 ,可以使水泥的早期强度和后期强度得到均衡有效的提高。与此同时 ,石膏的掺量对水泥各龄期强度的影响 ,同样具有不可忽视的作用。只有配合适当的石膏掺量 ,才能使混合材的优化组合发挥最佳的作用。为此 ,试验了在多种混合材复掺的水泥中石膏掺量及粉磨细度对水泥强度的影响。１试验原料的化学成分试验所用各种混合材及熟料、石膏的化学成分列于表１。２石膏掺量对水泥强度的影响在固定混合材种类和掺量的情况下 ,分别掺入４ ５ %、６ ０ %和７ ５ %的石膏。所得试验结果见表２。表１原料的化学成…     

石膏对矿渣粉磨及矿渣水泥性能的影响

本文主要研究了两种类型石膏对矿渣的助磨激发效果及对矿渣水泥与萘系、聚羧酸盐系高效减水剂适应性的影响.试验结果表明:矿渣粉磨过程中添加适量的硬石膏、二水石膏,均有助磨激发效果.开始阶段,细度变化明显,比表面积增加较多,用矿渣中SO3百分比衡量,二水石膏的最佳掺量是2.80％,硬石膏的最佳掺量是3.30％.同等掺量下,二水石膏明显优于硬石膏.两种石膏对矿渣水泥抗折强度早期影响大于后期,二水石膏对28 d抗压强度影响优于硬石膏;二水石膏显著改善矿渣水泥与减水剂的适应性.     

孔隙溶液盐分浓度对大连湾海相淤泥水泥固化土渗透性状影响研究

通过对大连湾洗盐淤泥土、未洗盐淤泥土、固化淤泥土进行固结渗透试验研究孔隙溶液盐分浓度对重塑土和固化土渗透性状的影响,结果表明:在相同孔隙比时,大连湾重塑土及较低水泥掺量下的固化土渗透系数随孔隙溶液盐分浓度的降低而减小,最大减小了50％,而且随着孔隙比的减小,高盐分浓度与低盐分浓度的渗透曲线逐渐逼近甚至重合;另外得出,对于固化淤泥土,随着水泥掺量的增加,原泥中盐分对固化土渗透性状的影响逐渐减弱.     

石膏掺量对海工硅酸盐水泥性能的影响

以粉煤灰、矿渣粉和硅灰为混合材制备海工硅酸盐水泥,通过掺入不同量的石膏,研究石膏掺量对海工硅酸盐水泥物理性能及耐久性能的影响。试验结果表明,适宜的石膏掺量(7%),具有明显的缓凝作用,可有效激发海工硅酸盐水泥的活性,提高水泥砂浆的早期强度;当石膏掺量超过适宜范围时(7%),会降低海工水泥的早期、后期强度,进而影响海工硅酸盐水泥的耐久性能。XRD和SEM分析表明,与P·O42.5水泥相比,适宜的石膏掺量(7%)可以提高水泥水化体系中AFt的生成量,使水泥石更加致密,孔隙率小,凝胶体多,使得水泥硬化体具有优异的力学性能和耐久性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。