斑纹分相花釉的研制及生产质量控制

本文主要介绍了在CaO—B203-Si02系统花釉中添加一种具有分相结晶能力的斑纹剂，在1180—1210℃烧成，所得釉面具有理想的斑纹效果。讨论了斑纹分相花釉的形成机理与影响釉面花纹效果的因素．并分析了在生产过程中釉面质量的控制。     

窑变花釉在陶瓷餐具上的应用

窑变花釉用于陶瓷餐具的装饰具有较好的艺术效果,但在理化性能指标特别是铅、镉溶出量方面很难达标,主要是因为窑变花釉的形成机理及窑变分相的亚微结构对釉面性能产生直接影响,只要选择恰当的分相系统,窑变花釉可以用于陶瓷餐具的装饰.     

R2O-RO-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-CaF2系分相-析晶乳浊釉的形成机理

通过正交试验方法优化釉料组成和烧成工艺,制备了R2O-RO-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-CaF2多元系光亮无锆的分相-析晶乳浊釉.采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜/X射线能谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜等研究了釉的显微结构及分相与析晶的形成机理.结果表明:析晶与分相结构并存,分相促进析晶;尺寸接近可见光波长的孤立液滴和所析出的钙钠长石晶体是釉面产生乳浊的根本原因.研究了不同烧成制度对分相-析晶乳浊釉显微结构的影响,发现缓冷釉样的分相液滴尺寸明显大于急冷釉样,急冷釉样中的第二相形貌表里存在明显差异,内部呈球形液滴状,表面则为蠕虫状.     

R2O-RO-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-CaF2分相-析晶乳浊釉的形成机理

通过正交试验方法优化釉料组成和烧成工艺，制备了R2O-RO-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-CaF2多元系光亮无锆的分相-析晶乳浊釉。采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜／X射线能谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜等研究了釉的显微结构及分相与析晶的形成机理。结果表明：析晶与分相结构并存，分相促进析晶；尺寸接近可见光波长的孤立液滴和所析出的钙钠长石晶体是釉面产生乳浊的根本原因。研究了不同烧成制度对分相-析晶乳浊釉显微结构的影响，发现缓冷釉样的分相液滴尺寸明显大于急冷釉样，急冷釉样中的第二相形貌表里存在明显差异，内部呈球形液滴状，表面则为蠕虫状。     

还原焰烧成分相花釉的研制与形成机理探讨

针对还原焰烧成陶瓷西餐具的需要，对还原焰分相花釉的釉料组成、工艺条件、外观效果、低倍结构作了实验研究，并进一步探讨了分相花釉的形成机理。     

分相-析晶乳浊釉的制备及其乳浊机理研究

采用天然矿物原料,通过四角配料法优化组成制备出了无锆的分相-析晶乳浊釉.借助X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等测试手段,对乳浊釉的晶相组成和显微结构进行了分析,探讨了其乳浊机理.结果表明:该乳浊釉中P2O5和B2O3促进釉分相,CaO和MgO促进釉析晶,分相与析晶结构并存,釉层中均匀分布着大量尺寸接近可见光波长的球形孤立液滴和细小的透辉石晶体,两者对可见光强的散射作用是釉面产生乳浊的根本原因,优化出的乳浊釉白度可达80.2％.     

氧化铁对SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-Na2O-B2O3釉系统的显微结构和釉面呈色影响

在SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-Na₂O-B₂O₃多元釉系统中以氧化铁作为变量，研究不同氧化铁添加量对于硼硅酸盐系统的釉层显微结构、釉色等的影响。结果表明：氧化铁的加入使得釉层结构改变，进而形成了釉面颜色变化。在没有氧化铁加入时，硼硅酸盐釉系统形成分相，产生200 nm左右的富B球形液滴和富Si连续相，在米氏散射作用下釉面呈现乳浊白色；少量氧化铁的加入导致釉熔体分相结构改变，富B相球形液滴尺寸减小，入射光在釉层被散射，在离子着色的作用下釉面呈现棕黄色；随着氧化铁的增加，球形液滴的尺寸继续减小，铁离子浓度在釉层不断聚集增大，入射光在釉层被大量的消耗，最终使得釉面呈黑色；当氧化铁添加量过多时，大量六边形赤铁矿α-Fe₂O₃晶体从釉层析出且呈不规则取向排列，形成“金星闪耀”的釉面效果。     

铁矿渣矿化剂对硅微粉结合的SiC窑具材料晶相结构和性能的影响

在硅微粉结合的SiC窑具材料中添加不同含量的铁矿渣，铁矿渣中的Fe2O3在高温下形成一定数量的液相，能使硅微粉析出的α-方石英转变为稳定的α-磷石英，提高窑具材料的热稳定性和强度，延长使用寿命。主要探讨不同含量的铁矿渣对窑具材料析晶组成的影响，采用XBD法和SEM法确定各试的晶相结构和显微结构。实验结果表明，确定0．4wt％铁矿渣为最佳加入量，其对应的α-SiC含量为85．6wt％，g-鳞石英量为14．4wt％，抗折强度：25．06MPa，10次抗折强度保持率为85．26％，气孔率为18．51％，吸水率为0．89％。     

R_2O–RO–B_2O_3–SiO_2–Al_2O_3–P_2O_5–CaF_2系分相–析晶乳浊釉的形成机理

通过正交试验方法优化釉料组成和烧成工艺,制备了R_2O–RO–B_2O_3–SiO_2–Al_2O_3–P_2O_5–CaF_2多元系光亮无锆的分相–析晶乳浊釉。采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜/X射线能谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜等研究了釉的显微结构及分相与析晶的形成机理。结果表明析晶与分相结构并存,分相促进析晶;尺寸接近可见光波长的孤立液滴和所析出的钙钠长石晶体是釉面产生乳浊的根本原因。研究了不同烧成制度对分相–析晶乳浊釉显微结构的影响,发现缓冷釉样的分相液滴尺寸明显大于急冷釉样,急冷釉样中的第二相形貌表里存在明显差异,内部呈球形液滴状,表面则为蠕虫状。     

聚合硫酸铝改性矿渣硅酸盐水泥水化及其抗氯离子渗透性能研究

通过RCM法研究不同掺量聚合硫酸铝(0wt％、1wt％、2wt％、3wt％)加入后对矿粉掺量60wt％的矿渣硅酸盐水泥浆体水化及其抗氯离子渗透能力的影响.研究了抗压强度、孔隙率的变化并对水化产物的组成、含量、微观形貌进行了XRD、TG-DSC及SEM分析.实验结果表明,掺入聚合硫酸铝后可以提高矿渣硅酸盐水泥抗氯离子渗透性能,可以显著提高硬化浆体28 d龄期抗压强度,降低孔隙率,促进矿渣颗粒水化,提高水化产物生成量,使微观结构更密实.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.