高铝粉煤灰碳酸钠焙烧与酸浸提铝的动力学

以内蒙古高铝粉煤灰(Al2O3/SiO2质量比1.24)为原料,采用Na2CO3焙烧活化-盐酸浸取法提铝,考察了焙烧温度、时间和碳酸钠/粉煤灰质量比的影响,对焙烧活化及酸浸提铝动力学进行研究,分析了提铝机理. 结果表明,高温活化条件下,粉煤灰中的莫来石及SiO2与Na2CO3反应生成NaAlSiO4, Al2O3和Na2SiO3,酸浸后铝浸出率超过94.99%;活化过程符合Crank-Ginstling-Braunshtein模型,表观活化能为117.06 kJ/mol,活化反应受固膜扩散控制.     

粉煤灰-碳酸钠活化工艺的实验研究

以碳酸钠为活化剂活化粉煤灰,考察碳酸钠和粉煤灰体系的含水量、粒度、质量配比、升温方式、放置位置、活化温度、活化时间对活化效果的影响,通过焙烧样品的烧结情况、质地、是否易取、酸浸分解率进行评价。结果表明,以碳酸钠活化粉煤灰,活化温度和体系质量配比是引起体系烧结的主要因素;将140~160目的绝干物料按质量比1:1.2配料后混合均匀,800℃焙烧2 h,分解率可达97.34%,且样品质地蓬松,易取出。     

粉煤灰焙烧-酸浸提取氧化铝工艺

采用酸浸法提取淮南某电厂粉煤灰中的Al2O3,通过单因素实验研究了Na2CO3混合焙烧活化工艺和H2SO4酸浸工艺中的各种因素对Al2O3浸出率的影响,确定了工艺最佳条件:焙烧灰碱比为1∶0.9,焙烧时间为2h,焙烧温度为875℃;酸浸H2SO4浓度为3mol/L,酸浸温度为90℃,酸浸时间为2h,液固比为4∶1,Al2O3浸出率可达95%。     

煤气化粉煤灰酸浸工艺条件的研究

在常压、较低温度（≤100℃）下,开展了煤气化粉灰硫酸浸出工艺条件的研究。以煤气化粉煤灰中Al2O3的浸出率为主要考察指标,通过单因素条件实验和正交实验,分别考察了粉煤灰活化焙烧温度、酸浸反应温度、酸浸反应时间、硫酸溶液质量浓度、液固比等因素的变化对煤气化粉煤灰中Al2O3浸出率的影响。在无需活化焙烧、不使用助剂的条件下,确定较适宜的酸浸工艺条件为：酸浸反应温度95℃、酸浸反应时间5h、硫酸溶液质量浓度40％、液固比4．5：1;此条件下的重复实验表明煤气化粉煤灰中Al2O3的平均浸出率为94．87％。     

高铝煤矸石铝硅分级提取实验研究

分级研究了热活化条件下高铝煤矸石在盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液中的铝硅溶出行为。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和比表面积测定仪（BET）对煤矸石试样做了表征分析。通过正交实验分析了反应温度、反应时间、初始酸碱浓度和固液比对热活化处理后高铝煤矸石中Al2O3和酸浸渣SiO2溶出率的影响。结果表明：酸浸溶出Al2O3反应过程中,固液质量比和酸浸时间对溶出率的影响最为显著,酸浸过程的最优工艺条件：初始盐酸质量分数为20%、酸浸温度为90 ℃、酸浸时间为2.5 h、固液质量比为1∶6,在此条件下,Al2O3的浸取率达82.95%;强碱溶解酸浸渣溶出SiO2反应过程最优工艺条件：碱溶温度为95 ℃、碱溶时间为2.0 h、NaOH质量分数为20%、固液质量比为1∶10,在此条件下SiO2溶出率为69.74%,碱溶温度和碱液浓度对溶出率的影响最为显著。     

电厂粉煤灰活化工艺参数的研究

利用机械研磨-碳酸钠混合焙烧对粉煤灰进行活化,探讨了机械研磨时间对粒度和真密度的影响,研究了焙烧条件对铝浸出率的影响。结果表明,在机械研磨及碳酸钠混合焙烧联合作用下,粉煤灰中惰性硅铝组分可得到充分活化。最佳活化工艺参数为:球磨时间40 min,灰碱质量比1∶0.40,焙烧温度875℃,焙烧时间2 h。烧结熟料主要成分为霞石相(NaAlSiO_4)。     

电厂粉煤灰活化工艺参数的研究

利用机械研磨-碳酸钠混合焙烧对粉煤灰进行活化,探讨了机械研磨时间对粒度和真密度的影响,研究了焙烧条件对铝浸出率的影响。结果表明,在机械研磨及碳酸钠混合焙烧联合作用下,粉煤灰中惰性硅铝组分可得到充分活化。最佳活化工艺参数为:球磨时间40 min,灰碱质量比1∶0.40,焙烧温度875℃,焙烧时间2 h。烧结熟料主要成分为霞石相(NaAlSiO_4)。     

粉煤灰酸浸提铝及其动力学

对KF为助剂焙烧活化粉煤灰酸浸提铝过程进行了研究,考察了粉煤灰焙烧活化和盐酸浸出条件对粉煤灰中铝浸出率的影响及其浸出过程动力学. 结果表明,焙烧活化优化条件为：时间1 h、温度800℃、粉煤灰与KF质量比为20:4. 浸出温度90℃、浸出时间2 h、盐酸浓度4 mol/L、液固比4 mL/g的条件下,铝提取率达到92.46%. 粉煤灰烧结产物加热酸浸过程符合收缩未反应核模型,反应级数为0.3718,反应活化能为43.49 kJ/mol,过程速率为化学反应速率控制.     

酸溶烧结法从粉煤灰中提取Al2O3的研究

采用酸溶烧结法从粉煤灰中提取Al2O3,分别讨论了粉煤灰的焙烧温度、浸出Al3+的浓硫酸浓度、析出Al(OH)3的pH值对Al2O3产率的影响。实验结果表明:用酸溶烧结法从粉煤灰中提取Al2O3焙烧温度为400℃左右、浓硫酸浓度为85%以上、pH值呈弱酸性时,Al2O3的产率最高。     

粉煤灰活化法提取高纯硅、铝的工艺研究

以粉煤灰为原料,探讨了粉煤灰中硅铝同提的提取工艺,通过试验得出了焙烧活化和酸浸的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明,最佳焙烧时间2h,焙烧温度为900℃,酸浸时浸出温度为200℃,硫酸浓度16mol/L,液固比为0.9:1,粉煤灰硅铝平均提取率可达到82.38%以上,表明该工艺从粉煤灰提取硅铝具有较好的效果,为粉煤灰综合提取多种元素设计了一套切实可行的工艺路线。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。