养护条件对钢渣粉水化性能的影响

以磨细钢渣粉(SS)作辅助胶凝材料,研究不同养护条件下掺钢渣粉水泥的强度,并将之与砂粉(SP)对比.测试其在碱溶液作用下活性硅的溶出量、与饱和氢氧化钙溶液反应程度以及显微结构,探讨不同养护条件对钢渣粉水化性能的影响.结果表明:在常温水养条件,在同等掺量条件下,掺钢渣粉水泥3d、7d、28 d强度均较砂粉水泥强度高,钢渣粉早期水化活性较砂粉高.80℃水热养护至相同龄期,在同等掺量条件下,掺钢渣粉水泥强度均较掺砂粉水泥要高.与常温条件相比,80℃水热条件下钢渣粉消耗的Ca(OH)2量明显增加,生成的水化产物也较多,水化反应程度较砂粉高.水热条件有利于激发钢渣粉活性,提高其水化反应程度,增加试样强度.     

陶瓷抛光砖粉与水泥熟料的相互作用

通过化学结合水量和水化热的测定,研究陶瓷抛光砖粉与水泥熟料的相互作用,并将之与粉煤灰对比.结果表明:陶瓷抛光砖粉的掺入降低了复合胶凝材料的总水化程度,但促进了复合胶凝材料中水泥熟料的水化;以相同掺量取代水泥熟料,掺抛光砖粉可明显促进水化样早期水化,降低水化热,至水化后期这种促进作用有所降低.在最佳掺量约30％的条件下,抛光砖粉对水泥熟料水化反应的促进作用明显,此时熟料水化程度最高,表现为等效结合水量值最大.掺粉煤灰对水化样的早期水化促进作用不明显,但至水化后期会加速水化.粉煤灰掺量越大,粉煤灰自身的反应程度越低,水泥水化的程度越高.     

陶瓷抛光砖粉对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

以陶瓷抛光砖粉为混凝土掺合料,采用膨胀珍珠岩作活性集料,测试陶瓷抛光砖粉对碱集料反应的影响;利用电通量法测定标准养护28 d混凝土的电通量值,采用硝酸银显色法分别测定标准养护28 d水泥胶砂经10次、20次干湿循环后氯离子渗透深度,通过压汞法、SEM等测试手段分析掺陶瓷抛光砖粉水泥硬化浆体的显微结构,研究陶瓷抛光砖粉作掺合料对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,并将之与粉煤灰对比.结果表明:混凝土电通量测试结果与水泥胶砂硝酸银显色法的测试结果之间具有较好相关性.陶瓷抛光砖粉作混凝土掺合料,能发挥其二次水化作用及对水泥硬化浆体孔结构的细化作用,增强混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力,抑制碱骨料反应.在相同掺量条件下,单掺抛光砖粉混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力优于掺试验用Ⅱ级粉煤灰混凝土.与单掺抛光砖粉相比,复掺抛光砖粉与粉煤灰,其后期抗氯离子能力较强.抛光砖粉与矿渣复掺效果优于抛光粉与粉煤灰复掺;随矿渣掺量的增加,混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力增加.     

陶瓷抛光砖粉作辅助胶凝材料的火山灰性

通过对水泥浆体水化热、化学结合水、酸溶法测定的化学未溶量以及碱环境条件下陶瓷抛光砖粉硅、铝离子的溶出量及溶出规律的测定,研究了抛光砖粉作为辅助胶凝材料的火山灰性,并将之与粉煤灰进行对比。结果表明:在水化早期,抛光砖粉火山灰反应程度较高;随水化龄期的延长,火山灰反应程度逐渐减弱。抛光砖粉的掺入可加速水泥早期的水化,降低水泥水化热,其掺量越大,对水泥水化热降低越显著。在同等掺量、水化28d条件下,抛光砖粉的火山灰反应程度较粉煤灰的高,抛光砖粉对水泥水化的促进作用较粉煤灰的强。     

水热环境下碱式硫酸镁水泥强度变化机理

为了进一步研究镁水泥在油井堵漏中的应用,本文分别对掺加粉煤灰和矿渣的碱式硫酸镁水泥进行水热环境下的强度试验,研究其在50℃和80℃水热环境中强度变化规律.利用XRD与SEM技术手段,分析碱式硫酸镁水泥在50℃和80℃水热环境中的物相组成和显微形貌,研究碱式硫酸镁水泥强度在水热条件下的衰退机理.研究结果表明碱式硫酸镁水泥水化产物的物相匹配和显微形貌发生不利转变并使强度衰退,其强度随水热温度的升高而降低.在50℃水热环境下水泥石1d强度由66.9 MPa提高到77.1 MPa,3d强度保留98.1％,7d强度仍能保持77.6％左右;在80℃水热环境下其强度随养护时间衰退较快,1d、3d、7d强度保留率分别为79.7％、70.1％、62.5％.     

蒸养条件下掺矿物掺合料水泥复合浆体的水化特性研究

为掌握矿物掺合料在蒸养水泥基材料中的作用效应,采用热重分析(TG-DSC)和抗压强度等测试方法,调查了60℃蒸养和标养两种养护条件下,分别掺粉煤灰、矿渣、硅灰及石灰石粉水泥复合浆体的化学结合水含量、Ca(OH)2含量、抗压强度随龄期的变化,并采用结合水含量影响系数、Ca(OH)2含量影响系数和温度影响系数3个参数,分析了蒸养条件下矿物掺合料对浆体水化进程的影响规律.结果表明:蒸养条件下不同矿物掺合料复合浆体的水化进程存在显著的不同.相对于基准水泥浆体,矿渣、硅灰的掺入增强了蒸养浆体早期的水化进程,但随龄期的延长这种促进作用减弱;而粉煤灰、石灰石粉对蒸养浆体的水化进程影响不显著.蒸养提高了矿渣和硅灰早龄期的水化反应进程.蒸养浆体抗压强度与化学结合水含量之间存在显著的线性相关性,但其抗压强度随化学结合水含量的变化率小于标养浆体.     

掺矿渣粉、粉煤灰对水泥水化热的影响

通过矿渣粉、粉煤灰及双掺矿渣粉和粉煤灰不同掺量对胶凝材料水化热性能影响的试验研究，得出矿渣粉、粉煤灰也有水化热，但其水化热比水泥水化热要低，用矿渣粉、粉煤灰等量取代部分水泥，胶凝材料的水化热就会降低。但降低的幅度不完全与矿渣粉、粉煤灰的掺量成比例。单从降低胶凝材料水化热的角度而言，掺粉煤灰的效果最好，掺矿渣微粉次之，矿渣微粉与粉煤灰联合掺用效果最差。     

高炉矿渣-粉煤灰-脱硫石膏-水泥制备硅酸钙板的协同水化机理

以高炉矿渣、粉煤灰、脱硫石膏和水泥为原料,通过搅拌-压力成型-预养-脱模-蒸压养护的工艺流程制备硅酸钙板,研究了原料配方、蒸养时间对硅酸钙板抗折强度的影响,并采用DSC、XRD、IR和SEM等方法研究了混合原料的协同水化历程和水化产物的微观结构.结果表明:高炉矿渣、粉煤灰、脱硫石膏和水泥最佳配比为50％、5％、25％和20％,最佳蒸压温度和时间分别为180℃和10 h,原料在协同水化历程中依次生成了C-S-H凝胶、片状托贝莫来石、纤维状钙矾石和针状硬硅钙石,硬硅钙石的生成使得硅酸钙板的强度得以提升.     

不同矿物掺合料对蒸养水泥水化产物与力学性能的影响

为探讨矿物掺合料对预制装配式混凝土水化产物与力学性能的影响,采用20％的镍铁渣粉、锂渣粉、钢渣粉与矿渣粉分别取代水泥,在早期80℃蒸养7h条件下制备了水泥净浆与砂浆,对比研究了镍铁渣粉、锂渣粉、钢渣粉与矿渣粉对7h和28 d龄期蒸养水泥水化产物和力学性能的影响.结果 表明:除了C-S-H与Ca(OH)2外,7h蒸养水泥的水化产物主要为AFm与Ca4Al2O6(CO3)0.5(OH)·11.5H2O,28 d蒸养水泥的水化产物主要为Ca4Al2O6(CO3)0.5(OH)·11.5H2O和Ca4Al2O6(CO3)·11H2O,矿物掺合料对蒸养水泥水化产物种类影响较小;掺镍铁渣粉、锂渣粉、钢渣粉、矿渣粉后,7h蒸养水泥的化学结合水含量分别达到了纯水泥的93.27％、102.22％、90.24％、102.22％,28 d蒸养水泥的化学结合水含量分别达到了纯水泥的93.76％、95.08％、86.27％、95.68％,掺锂渣粉与矿渣粉可以显著提高7h蒸养水泥的水化程度,掺钢渣粉的效果最差;此外,掺锂渣粉、钢渣粉、矿渣粉改变了蒸养7h水泥浆体C-S-H的形貌,除了纤维状C-S-H外,掺锂渣粉水泥浆体中还有蜂窝状C-S-H形成,掺钢渣粉水泥浆体与掺矿渣粉水泥浆体中还有球形与薄片状C-S-H形成;掺锂渣粉可以提高早期80℃蒸养7h水泥胶砂的抗压与抗折强度,但四种矿物掺合料均不能改善28 d蒸养水泥胶砂的力学性能.     

热养护对大体积混凝土不同活性矿物掺合料早期水化性能的影响

研究了大体积混凝土中粉煤灰和矿粉在热养护条件下对水泥早期抗压强度的影响,并通过水化热、XRD以及TGA等技术手段阐述了水化反应过程。结果表明：常温时,粉煤灰和矿粉加入均会大幅度降低早期强度;热养护时,粉煤灰-水泥体系的早期强度仍远低于空白组;但随着矿粉用量的增加和热养护温度的升高,体系早期强度与空白组的差距逐渐减小;50℃养护时,矿粉-水泥体系的早期强度高于空白组。这说明在热激发条件下,粉煤灰的早期火山灰反应仍然有限,但矿粉的早期水化活性显著提高,通过火山灰反应和自水化反应完成水化产物的积累。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。