非均相Fenton技术氧化降解废水中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺

采用浸渍法制备了活性炭负载型Fe/C催化剂,并将其作为非均相Fenton催化剂处理废水中的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。探讨了溶液初始p H值、H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量和反应温度等因素对DMF去除率的影响。结果表明,对于DMF浓度为1 000 mg/L的废水,在初始p H值为2.5,H2O2投加量为3.0 g/L,催化剂投加量为6.0 g/L和反应温度为30℃的处理条件下,反应60 min,溶液化学需氧量(COD)的去除率可达到60%以上,且溶液中Fe离子浸出浓度仅为0.7 mg/L。该催化剂具有较好的稳定性,可回收使用,使用5次,溶液COD的去除率仍能达到45%以上。     

TiO_2/ZnO复合膜-H_2O_2光催化体系对甲基橙废水的降解脱色

采用仿生合成法制备TiO2/ZnO复合膜光催化剂,并以氙灯模拟日光光源,甲基橙为模型反应物,研究了催化剂投加量、H2O2投加量、溶液初始浓度、pH值和催化剂重复使用等因素对H2O2协同光解脱色甲基橙效率的影响。结果表明,当pH值为6,催化剂投加量为0.7 g/L,H2O2投加量为3.90 mmol/L时,对初始质量浓度为15 mg/L的甲基橙废水,130 min内脱色率达100%。酸性对光催化反应有促进作用,碱性对反应有抑制作用。催化剂重复使用5次后,处理130 min对甲基橙染料废水的脱色率仍可超过70%。     

低温低压下非均相催化氧化处理焦化废水实验研究

研究了非均相催化剂在低温低压条件下处理焦化废水的效果,通过改变催化剂的载体、浸渍溶液的种类及浓度、pH值、反应时间、催化剂的投加量、H2O2(质量分数30%)的投加量等因素,得出在低温低压下非均相催化氧化处理焦化废水的最佳条件:采用经Cu(NO3)2溶液浸渍后的γ-Al2O3为催化剂、在pH值为3、催化剂体积分数为40%、H2O2投加体积分数为4%、反应时间在3 h以上时处理效果较好.原水CODCr由4 540 mg/L降至600mg/L以下,氨氮由552 mg/L降至160 mg/L以下.     

Na7Co（H2O）CrW11O39·14H2O光催化降解孔雀石绿的研究

以取代型杂多酸盐Na7Co(H2O)CrW11O39.14H2O为光催化剂。在紫外灯辐射下,研究了模拟染料废水孔雀石绿的光催化降解的反应,讨论了催化剂投加量、孔雀石绿的初始质量浓度、溶液的pH值等对孔雀石绿降解率的影响。结果表明,孔雀石绿溶液光催化降解的最佳条件为:pH值为2,催化剂投加量为2 mg,孔雀石绿的初始质量浓度为5 mg/L,经15 W紫外灯照射1 h后,其降解率为90.94%。     

Mg-Al CLDHs/H2O2体系降解结晶紫染料废水的研究

以Mg-Al CLDHs (Calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxide)和H2O2组成的类芬顿体系催化降解结晶紫(Crystal violet,CV)染料废水.考察了pH值、催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、染料起始浓度、反应温度、反应时间等因素的影响,并对Mg-Al CLDHs催化剂的再生能力进行了测试.结果表明:对浓度为40 mg/L的结晶紫溶液,当Mg-AlCLDHs用量为0.005 g,H2O2用量为1 mL,pH为7.0,降解温度为35℃,反应时间为15 min,结晶紫脱色率98％以上,催化剂再生性良好.动力学研究表明该反应符合一级动力学模型,35℃时速率常数为0.28 min-1,表观活化能为46.03 kJ·mol-1.     

非均相 Fenton催化剂Fe3O4降解亚甲基蓝

采用水热法合成磁性Fe3O4纳米微球,将其作为催化剂与H2O2组成非均相Fenton体系降解亚甲基蓝（MB）,并对Fe3O4纳米颗粒进行了TEM、XRD表征。对初始pH值、H2O2投加量、Fe3O4投加量等条件进行了试验,考察了催化剂的重复利用性能。结果表明：pH值为3、H2O2浓度为0.4 mL/L、催化剂投加量为1.2 g/L、反应温度T=30 ℃、振荡速度为150 r/min时降解效果最好,反应2 h后MB（150 mg/L）降解率为99.6%,催化剂重复利用3次降解效果仍良好。     

Fenton法氧化降解聚乙烯醇的研究

本文采用Fenton氧化法处理浓度为1.5g.L-1的聚乙烯醇(PVA)模拟废水,研究了反应时间、溶液的初始pH值、H2O2投加量、H2O2/Fe2+投加比和反应温度等因素对PVA氧化降解的影响。结果表明,在pH值为4、H2O2/Fe2+的摩尔比为10∶1,温度40℃,时间为40min,H2O2投加量为7g/100mL时,PVA的降解率可达93.28%。     

Fe-MEL分子筛催化剂的制备及其催化脱色

按摩尔比SiO2:TBAOH(四丁基氢氧化铵):H2O=1:0.35:53水热合成了MEL分子筛,并以机械研磨法制备了Fe-MEL分子筛催化剂,对其进行了表征,研究了其催化H2O2降解染料废水的性能,考察了染料废水初始浓度、pH值、催化剂投加量、H2O2用量、反应时间对降解效果的影响. 结果表明,在染料浓度30 mg/L及pH 6、催化剂投加量3.75 g/L和30%(w) H2O2加入量37.5 mL/L、反应时间2.5 h的优化条件下,染料废水脱色率达97.8%.     

Cu2O可见光催化降解环境内分泌干扰物双酚E

采用水解法制备Cu2O,以Cu2O为催化剂,对光催化降解水中环境内分泌干扰物双酚E（BPE）的性能和影响因素进行了研究。利用高效液相色谱法测定降解后水中BPE的含量,探讨了催化剂投加量、H2O2加入量、溶液的初始浓度及pH值对BPE降解效率的影响。在光照120min、催化剂投加量为0．4g／L、H2O2的投放浓度为7．5mL/L,BPE初始浓度为10．0mg／L、pH值=5．0的条件下降解效果达86．84％。     

SiW12/聚苯胺/TiO2复合材料的光催化性能

以SiW12/PANI/TiO2为光催化剂。在紫外灯辐射下,研究了模拟染料废水甲基紫溶液的光催化降解的反应,考察了催化剂投加量、染料浓度、溶液的pH值对甲基紫降解率的影响。结果表明,甲基紫溶液光催化降解的最佳条件为:pH=5,SiW12/PANI/TiO2催化剂投加量为0.0125 g,浓度为5 mg/L,经30 W紫外灯照射90 min后,其降解率为90.69%。     

The System Na2O-CaO-SiO2-H2O

A portion of the quaternary phase diagram for Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂-H₂O has been constructed. Plotting concentrations as their 10th roots allows compounds having solubilities which differ by several orders of magnitude to be represented on a single diagram. The compositional relationships among sodium-substituted calcium silicate hydrate, calcium-substituted sodium silicate hydrate, calcium bydroxide, a quaternary compound of approximate composition 0.25Na₂O · CaO · SiO₂· 3H₂O, sodium hydroxide monohydrate, and miscellaneous sodium silicate hydrates are presented. The quaternary diagram constructed shows the quaternary compound to exist in equilibrium with sodium-substituted calcium silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide. Conditions in concrete pore solutions which favor the formation of this quaternary compound may also favor the occurrence of the alkali-silica reaction.     

Self-organized nano-crystallisation of BaF2 from Na2O/K2O/BaF2/Al2O3/SiO2 glasses

In glasses with the compositions (100 ? x)(2Na₂O·16K₂O·8Al₂O₃·74SiO₂)xBaF₂ (with x = 0 to 6), the glass transition temperature decreases with increasing BaF₂-concentration. Samples with x = 6 were thermally treated at temperatures in the range from 500 to 600 °C for 5–160 h. This leads to the crystallisation of BaF₂. The quantity of crystalline BaF₂ increases with increasing time of thermal treatment, while the mean crystallite size remains constant within the limits of error. The glass transformation temperature of partially crystallised samples increases with increasing crystallisation time and approaches a value equal to the temperature, at which the samples were treated. This is explained by the formation of a highly viscous layer enriched in SiO₂ which is formed during crystallisation. This layer acts as a diffusion barrier and hinders further crystal growth.     

Prediction of Immiscibility Boundaries of the Systems K2O-SiO2, K2O-Li20-SiO2, K20-Na2O-Si02, and K2O-BaO-SiO2

In earlier work, a prediction method of the immiscibility boundary of a ternary silicate glass system was developed involving two known binary immiscibility boundaries and a measured immiscibility temperature of one ternary glass composition. In the present work, the method is extended to the case where one of the two binary immiscibility boundaries is not known and is applied as an example to ternary silicate systems containing K₂O. First, the immiscibility boundary of the system K₂O-SiO₂ is estimated by measuring the immiscibility temperatures of three glasses in the system K₂O-Li₂O (or Na₂O)-SiO₂. Using this result the immiscibility boundaries of the systems K₂O-Li₂O-SiO₂, K₂O-Na₂O-SiO₂, and K₂O-BaO-SiO₂ are estimated. The results agree reasonably well with the experimentally determined immiscibility temperatures at selected compositions.     

复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3催化合成乳酸正丁酯的研究

合成了几种不同Zr、Al原子比的SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3复合固体超强酸,将其用于催化乳酸与正丁醇的酯化反应,均有较好的催化活性,尤以ZrAl=12的催化效果最好,经济性优于ZrO2超强酸催化剂.其最佳反应条件为酸醇摩尔比为13,催化剂用量为乳酸质量的10%,反应时间2～2.5h,酯化率达96.9%.该催化剂具有制备容易、催化活性高、不污染环境、可重复使用的优点.     

Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2 and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions

Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions were studied for potential applications in water decontamination technology and their capacity to induce an oxidation process under VIS light. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the junctions-based Cu₂O, Bi₂O₃ and ZnMn₂O₄ are able to absorb a large part of visible light (respectively, up to 650, 460 and 1000 nm). This fact was confirmed in the case of Cu₂O/TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ by photocatalytic experiments performed under visible light. A part of the charge recombination that can take place when both semiconductors are excited was observed when a photocatalytic experiment was performed under UV–vis illumination. Orange II, 4-hydroxybenzoic and benzamide were used as pollutants in the experiment. Photoactivity of the junctions was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate. The different phenomena that were observed in each case are discussed.     

Some Properties of the System Na2O-NaF-B2O2-H2O

It was first shown that the enamel slips which have the best suspnding characteristics contain equal amounts of Na₂O and B₂O₃ and at least a moderate amount of NaF. The solubilities of mixtures of Na₂O, NaF, and B₂O₃ were then investigated. The pH of these solutions and the primary crystalline phases separating on evaporation also were determined. The solubility data obtained at room temperature were summarized. When the solutions were evaporated, NaF was the first crystalline phase to separate from a large proportion of the mixtures investigated. It was concluded that the desirable handling characteristics of enamels whose mill liquors contain the proper proportion of Na₂O, NaF, and B₂O₃ are not due to the formation of complex salts but to the following combination of properties: (1) the presence of salts with a moderate solubility which changes very slightly with temperature, (2) a moderate pH of about 10 in a probably well-buffered solution, (3) a relatively stable crystalline material, NaF, as a primary phase, and (4) a secondary phase which crystallizes slowly with relatively little shrinkage.     

固体超强酸SO^2—4／TiO2催化合成尿囊素的研究

用固体超强酸SO42/TiO2为催化剂,以尿素和乙醛酸为原料合成了尿囊素。得到最佳条件为TiO2在1mo1·L-1H2SO4溶液中浸渍12h,再在600℃焙烧3h;尿素与乙醛酸摩尔比3.51,催化剂9％,时间3h,温度72℃～75℃,产率达57.4％。     

Crystallization of zeolite L from Na2O-K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system

Zeolite L powder was prepared from the substrate mixture of Na₂O-K₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O system at temperatures of 373-443 K. In order to investigate the factors which influence the synthesis outcome, a reference system which yields zeolite L in a reproducible manner was chosen and subjected to controlled changes in synthesis parameters. The crystalline zeolite L samples obtained were characterized by elemental chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was established that phase purity, morphology, and the size of crystals of crystalline product were affected by molar ratios of the substrate, such as SiO₂/Al₂O₃, (K₂O+Na₂O)/SiO₂, Na₂O/(K₂O+Na₂O), and H₂O/(K₂O+Na₂O). Amorphous silica powder (Zeosil) was the preferred silica source, and the crystallization rate was promoted by introducing gel aging, seeding, and rapid heating rate.     

SELECTIVE CARBON MONOXIDE OXIDATION IN H2-RICH GAS STREAM OVER Co3O4/CeO2/ZrO2, Ag/CeO2/ZrO2, AND MnO2/CeO2/ZrO2 CATALYSTS

Activity and selectivity of selective CO oxidation in an H₂-rich gas stream over Co₃O₄/CeO₂/ZrO₂, Ag/CeO₂/ZrO₂, and MnO₂/CeO₂/ZrO₂ catalysts were studied. Effects of the metaloxide types and metaloxide molar ratios were investigated. XRD, SEM, and N₂ physisorption techniques were used to characterize the catalysts. All catalysts showed mesoporous structure. The best activity was obtained from 80/10/10 Co₃O₄/CeO₂/ZrO₂ catalyst, which resulted in 90% CO conversion at 200°C and selectivity greater than 80% at 125°C. Activity of the Co₃O₄/CeO₂/ZrO₂ catalyst increased with increase in Co₃O₄ molar ratio.