碳酸镁晶须演变过程研究(Ⅰ)

本文采用低温水溶液法分别制备出五水碳酸镁晶须晶体和三水碳酸镁晶须晶体,通过对制备产品进行加热升温,研究制备产物的物相及形貌的演变过程,发现晶体物相由无水碳酸镁向三水碳酸镁转变,同时,晶体形貌先后经历了棒状-鱼翅状-棒状的变化过程.在此基础上,进一步从晶体结构、晶体稳定性及能量角度分别分析了五水碳酸镁晶须晶体向三水碳酸镁晶须晶体演变的本质.     

碳酸镁晶体演变过程研究(Ⅱ)

本文采用低温水溶液法制备出棒状三水碳酸镁晶体,通过对制备产品进行恒温水浴加热,研究制备产物的物相及形貌的演变过程,发现晶体物相由三水碳酸镁向四水碱式碳酸镁转变,同时,晶体形貌经历了棒状一片状的变化过程.在此基础上,进一步从晶体结构、晶体稳定性及能量角度分别分析了三水碳酸镁晶体向四水碱式碳酸镁晶体演变的本质.     

反应物浓度对三水碳酸镁晶体生长形貌的影响研究

采用低温水溶液法合成三水碳酸镁晶体,考查了反应溶液Mg2+初始浓度、NH4 HCO3初始浓度对三水碳酸镁晶体的形貌及晶须产品长度及长径比的影响.结果表明,在无添加剂的条件下,NH4 HCO3初始浓度对三水碳酸镁晶体结晶形貌具有重要影响,在Mg2初始浓度为0.5 mol/L,(Mg2+):(NH4HCO3)=1:2,反应温度为50℃、反应时间50 min条件下,可以合成出高长径比的三水碳酸镁晶须产品.     

油酸钠对三水碳酸镁晶须稳定性的研究

本文以分析纯NH4HCO3与MgCl2·6H2O作为反应物料,采用低温液相法合成了三水碳酸镁晶须,采用XRD、SEM、FTIR对合成的试样进行了测试表征,观察三水碳酸镁晶须在水中的相变过程,重点讨论了在60℃条件下,表面活性剂油酸钠对合成三水碳酸镁晶须稳定性的研究.最终试验结果表明:当油酸钠的相对添加量为3％时,三水碳酸镁晶须具有良好的稳定性.     

表面活性剂对三水碳酸镁晶须形貌的影响研究

采用低温液相法制备三水碳酸镁晶须晶体,研究了不同表面活性剂对晶须晶体形貌的影响,研究发现:有机表面活性剂的作用效果没有无机表面活性剂的作用效果好,采用磷酸二氢钾作为表面活性剂时,制备的三水碳酸镁晶须结晶发育完整,晶须长径比大.     

特殊形貌碳酸镁用途、制备及表征

碳酸镁大致可分为水合碳酸镁和碱式碳酸镁,是制备镁盐系列产品的重要原料。随着镁质材料的开发,功能化特殊形貌碳酸镁必将是一个重要发展方向。相转移过程贯穿于碳酸镁合成过程中,不同晶型和形貌的碳酸镁可以通过控制相转移过程获得。不同的反应条件和操作方式决定了相转移的热力学基础和动力学过程。棒状/针状三水碳酸镁可在较低温度下得到;碱式碳酸镁是纳米片状晶体的组装体,合成条件影响其外在形貌。较详细介绍了碳酸镁的用途及制备方法和制备碳酸镁过程中的相转移过程,最后对碳酸镁的表征手段予以介绍。     

液相微波法合成三水碳酸镁晶须的研究

以MgCl2·6HL2O和NH4HCO4为主要原料,在添加剂空白的条件下,采用液相微波法制备MgCO3·3HO晶须晶体,并分析了反应时间、微波辐照能量对晶体制备的影响.利用XRD、TEM等技术对制备产物进行表征.结果表明,MgCl2·6H2O和NH4HCO4混合物在微波辅助条件下反应6min,微波辐照能量400W时,合成的晶须结晶发育完整,晶须平均长度172 μm,长径比达16.86.在此基础上,进一步探讨了微波效应与三水碳酸镁晶须晶体的生长机理.     

以氯化镁为原料制备氧化镁晶须的工艺研究

以氯化镁和碳酸钠为原料,通过前驱体烧结法制备氧化镁晶须.首先以氯化镁和碳酸钠为原料合成了前驱体碳酸镁晶须,接着将碳酸镁焙烧成氧化镁晶须.探讨了各个工艺条件对产物的影响,探索出最佳的工艺条件:氯化镁溶液的浓度为0.6mol/L,氯化镁和碳酸钠的摩尔比为1:1,陈化时间2h.在此条件下制得了前驱物碳酸镁晶须,将碳酸镁晶须焙...     

氨基酸调控无水碳酸镁晶体结晶试验研究

无水碳酸镁晶体作为一种新型无机功能材料引起了研究者们的广泛关注。以氯化镁为原料,碳酸钠为沉淀剂,合成了无水碳酸镁晶体,再以甘氨酸、组氨酸、丙氨酸及L-天门冬氨酸四种不同种类氨基酸作为添加剂,调控其结晶的粒度及形貌。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度分析仪对合成产物进行表征,分析不同种类氨基酸对合成的无水碳酸镁晶体物相结构和形貌的影响。结果表明:在组氨酸调控下合成的无水碳酸镁结晶纯度高,生成的产物中n(Mg²⁺)∶n(CO^2-₃)为1∶0.94;L-天门冬氨酸调控合成的晶体纯度次之;甘氨酸和丙氨酸调控合成的晶体中掺杂大量碱式碳酸镁晶体。在组氨酸、L-天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸及丙氨酸四种氨基酸调控作用下,晶体结晶形貌依次呈凸面球三角形状、近球状、球状及不规则状,且无水碳酸镁晶体粒径分布均呈先上升后振荡下降最后小粒径拖尾的趋势。以上研究结果为无水碳酸镁晶体的仿生合成提供了参考。     

棒状形貌三水碳酸镁晶体结晶动力学研究

以MgCl2·6H2O与NH4 HCO3为反应原料,采用低温液相法合成了棒状三水碳酸镁晶体,采用XRD,SEM对制备试样进行了测试表征,确定了棒状三水碳酸镁晶体的制备条件.在此基础上,分别采用Avrami方程和Nielsen方程,初步建立了棒状三水碳酸镁晶体的动力学模型     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。