碳酸根掺杂改性磷灰石研究进展

碳酸根是羟基磷灰石(HA)最主要的掺杂离子,对磷灰石结构和性能有重要的影响。介绍了碳羟基磷灰石(CHA)的制备方法、替代机制、替代对结构和性能的影响以及与其它离子的复合替代等研究,并概述了碳酸根掺杂改性磷灰石的研究与应用前景。     

羟基磷灰石抗菌剂在涂料中的应用

通过共沉淀和离子交换的方法,将钛和锌离子共掺杂在羟基磷灰石上,制备了羟基磷灰石抗菌剂。研究了其与另外3种无机抗菌剂(锌型沸石抗菌剂、银型沸石抗菌剂、氧化钛光催化抗菌剂)在涂料中的应用。结果证明:锌型抗菌涂料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果较差,其余3种类型抗菌涂料具有很好抗菌效果。但是,银型抗菌剂易引起涂料变色,氧化钛光催化抗菌剂在涂料中难分散且易加快涂料老化,而羟基磷灰石抗菌剂既具有良好的抗菌性能,且对涂料性能没有影响。还介绍了羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的抗菌机理。     

磁性羟基磷灰石制备的研究进展

羟基磷灰石(HAP)是一种典型的生物活性材料,已在骨外科、牙科临床等方面得到了广泛的应用。由于HAP比表面积大,吸附能力强,HAP在药物递送、污水处理等领域也得到了广泛应用。磁性纳米颗粒具有良好的电磁性能、可回收性和电磁制热性能,已受到越来越多的关注。近年来,为了结合以上两种材料的优点,将磁性材料与羟基磷灰石相结合是上述领域研究应用的重点方向。此前,有综述报道过关于磁性羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备研究,但重点关注于与其他材料的复合,缺乏针对磁性羟基磷灰石制备方法的系统总结。本文以掺杂和包覆两种将磁性引入羟基磷灰石的方式为出发点,系统总结了磁性羟基磷灰石的经典制备方法及其优缺点,并讨论了其相关应用,特别是论述了进一步研究拓展的关键问题以及今后的研究趋势,以期为磁性羟基磷灰石的深入拓展提供参考。     

碳羟基磷灰石纳米球的制备及其在含Cd2+废水处理中的应用

以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为软模板,制备了碳羟基磷灰石纳米球,用能谱分析(EDS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)等实验手段对产物进行了相关表征,研究了羟基磷灰石纳米球对废水溶液中镉离子的去除行为.研究表明,所制备的碳羟基磷灰石为球形晶体,平均直径为20～30nm,且分散均匀,其对含镉废水的净化能力明显高于市售粉体羟基磷灰石.     

纳米羟基磷灰石及其复合材料技术进展

介绍了纳米羟基磷灰石制备和掺杂技术,以及纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料,包括它们在组织工程支架材料、缓控释药物载体、靶向药物传递及环境功能材料等方面的制备技术和应用,显示纳米羟基磷灰石及其复合材料在生物医学领域将会有良好发展前景。     

硅掺杂羟基磷灰石包覆镁合金的微波制备

以Ca(NO_3)_2·4H-_2O为钙源、Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O为磷源、Na_2SiO_3为硅源,采用微波液相化学法在镁合金表面制备了硅掺杂羟基磷灰石双层涂层。涂层表层为絮状晶体,底层为长片状晶体,涂层的厚度约为9.9μm。研究了微波溶液中Na_2SiO_3添加量和微波溶液的pH值对硅掺杂羟基磷灰石涂层的结构和性能的影响。结果表明,与羟基磷灰石相比,硅掺杂羟基磷灰石涂层提高了对镁合金的保护作用,促进了成骨细胞的增殖和分化。     

羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的研究

采用正交设计方法,以羟基磷灰石作为载体,银离子和铈离子作为抗菌离子,采用离子交换方法制备羟基磷灰石抗菌剂,考察了硝酸银浓度、反应时间、反应温度和硝酸铈浓度等因素.运用X射线衍射谱研究了影响羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的微观结构;运用抑菌圈法表征所制备的抗菌剂的抗菌性能.研究表明:硝酸银浓度为0.2 mol/L、反应温度为30℃、反应时间为3 h和硝酸铈浓度为0.01 mol/L时对羟基磷灰石抗菌效果最好.     

不同形貌羟基磷灰石的制备研究进展

羟基磷灰石(HA)由于具有良好的生物相容性、生物活性和吸附性,其在骨修复、药物载体、净化水及美容等方面有较广泛的应用,其中形貌对其性能及应用有较大的影响,不同形貌的羟基磷灰石制备及性能研究成为目前的研究热点之一。本文介绍了针(线)状、晶须状、球状、片(带)状、棒状等不同形貌的羟基磷灰石的制备研究现状,总结了其研究存在的不足并对其研究提出了展望。     

羟基磷灰石和含氟羟基磷灰石涂层的制备技术

羟基磷灰石(HA)生物陶瓷涂层被认为是目前最好的用于替代人体硬组织的一种生物医用材料,具有很高的外科应用价值.含氟羟基磷灰石(FHA)涂层由于比羟基磷灰石涂层的溶解度低、热膨胀系数小且生物活性好,有着更为广泛的应用前景.对羟基磷灰石及其涂层的各种制备方法进行了概述,同时介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备含氟羟基磷灰石涂层的技术特点,并对未来的发展前景进行了分析.     

Tb~(3+)掺杂羟基磷灰石纳米粒子的制备与表征

以Ca(NO3)2.4H2O、Tb4O7、(NH4)2HPO4为原料,采用反相微乳液结合水热法即反相微乳液-水热法制备出Tb3+掺杂羟基磷灰石纳米粒子,并对Tb3+掺杂羟基磷灰石纳米粒子进行荧光光谱、TEM、XRD等测试分析,结果表明:采用微乳液与水热相结合的方法可制备出分散性良好、具有棒状和似球状2种形貌掺杂的Tb3+掺杂羟基磷灰石纳米粒子,具有良好的荧光性能,并能在可见光激发下具有明显的发射峰,这使得Tb∶HA可以在生物体内被实时观测提供前提,从而使Tb∶HA具备了作为生物探针的基本特性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.