塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土轴心受压应力-应变全曲线试验研究

通过研究不同水胶比、塑钢纤维掺量和轻骨料种类对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土应力-应变全曲线影响,得到了各影响因素对全曲线的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着水胶比的增大,塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土轴心受压应力-应变曲线的峰值应力有不同程度的降低,但峰值应变稍微增大,韧性和延性有所提高;而塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土轴心抗压强度随着塑钢纤维掺量的增加先增大后减小,其随着筒压强度的提高峰值应力呈增大趋势.     

不同水胶比的塑钢纤维橡胶混凝土力学性能研究

在水胶比分别为0.36、0.42、0.48的情况下,分别对普通混凝土、橡胶混凝土、塑钢纤维橡胶混凝土进行了抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度等力学性能的试验研究.试验结果表明:掺入橡胶颗粒后,混凝土强度有所降低,塑钢纤维有助于提高橡胶混凝土的抗压强度.相同水胶比下,塑钢纤维对橡胶混凝土的抗折强度和抗拉强度的提高作用明显,折压比和拉压比均呈现先增大后减小趋势,塑钢纤维掺量宜控制在6 ～8 kg/m3之间.     

DIC技术分析玄武岩纤维混凝土单轴受压应力应变曲线研究

基于DIC技术对玄武岩纤维混凝土在单轴受压过程中的全场位移和应变进行采集,分析混凝土在不同纤维掺量、不同受力阶段下应变云图的变化特征和变形参数的变化规律,并拟合出玄武岩纤维混凝土单轴受压的应力应变曲线.结果 表明:掺入玄武岩纤维可减小混凝土的变形,0.2％纤维掺量的混凝土整体变形性能更好.不同玄武岩纤维掺量混凝土的应力-应变曲线上升段几乎重合,下降段表现出不同的变形性能.掺入纤维可以降低峰值应变到极限应变下降斜率,掺入0.2％玄武岩纤维更有利于提高本试验条件下混凝土的延性性能.     

钢管约束超高性能混凝土受压本构模型EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究钢管约束超高性能混凝土(UHPC)本构模型,对42根约束UHPC试件和3根无约束UHPC试件进行了轴心受压试验,考察了UHPC受约束后的破坏形态和应力-应变全曲线,分析了钢纤维掺量与长径比、聚丙烯纤维掺量与长径比以及钢管厚度对应力-应变全曲线的影响规律。结果表明:钢管厚度为主要影响因素,可显著提高UHPC峰值应力与应变;混杂纤维能提高约束UHPC峰值应力与应变,其中,钢纤维掺量的影响较为明显,在聚丙烯纤维掺量适宜时,随钢纤维掺量增加,约束UHPC峰值应力增加,峰值应变先减小后增加。基于实测的约束UHPC应力-应变典型曲线,建立了相应的本构模型。     

钢管约束超高性能混凝土受压本构模型

为了研究钢管约束超高性能混凝土(UHPC)本构模型,对42根约束UHPC试件和3根无约束UHPC试件进行了轴心受压试验,考察了UHPC受约束后的破坏形态和应力-应变全曲线,分析了钢纤维掺量与长径比、聚丙烯纤维掺量与长径比以及钢管厚度对应力-应变全曲线的影响规律。结果表明:钢管厚度为主要影响因素,可显著提高UHPC峰值应力与应变;混杂纤维能提高约束UHPC峰值应力与应变,其中,钢纤维掺量的影响较为明显,在聚丙烯纤维掺量适宜时,随钢纤维掺量增加,约束UHPC峰值应力增加,峰值应变先减小后增加。基于实测的约束UHPC应力-应变典型曲线,建立了相应的本构模型。     

纤维掺量对PVA纤维混凝土力学参数的影响及压缩韧性指标的计算方法

通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维混凝土的力学试验,研究纤维掺量对于混凝土破坏形态、峰值应力、峰值应变、抗折强度以及折压比的影响,依据单轴抗压应力-应变曲线,提出一种适用于普通C40纤维混凝土的压缩韧性指标计算方法,并采用拟合法,建立了损伤变量服从对数正态分布的损伤本构方程.分析表明:由于纤维的桥接作用,纤维混凝土呈现“裂而不碎”的特征,与素混凝土存在较大差异;随着PVA纤维掺量的增加,混凝土的峰值强度、抗折强度和折压比呈现先增加后降低的趋势,峰值应变则持续增长,压缩韧性指数随着PVA纤维掺量的增加提高明显,综合考虑力学性能影响,建议的工程最佳纤维掺量为0.2％(体积分数).根据试验曲线拟合对比,对数正态分布损伤本构方程优于Weibull分布的损伤本构方程,误差更小,充分反映了PVA纤维掺量对峰后力学特性的影响规律,而且能反映纤维掺入量引起的损伤性质突变现象,对工程优化设计具有重要参考价值.     

不同水胶比的橡胶混凝土低温力学性能试验研究

在3种水胶比0.35、0.40、0.45下,分别配制含4种橡胶掺量的混凝土,在低温-30 ℃、常温20 ℃和0 ℃进行立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度试验研究.结果表明,低温条件下,不同水胶比的橡胶混凝土抗压和抗拉强度均有所提高,但强度变化有明显差异,水胶比越大,受低温的影响程度越显著.在0 ℃时,基准混凝土的强度较常温略有下降,随着橡胶掺量的增加,强度由减小转变为增大趋势.低温-30 ℃时,水胶比为0.35时,橡胶混凝土力学性能相对优越.     

耐碱玻璃纤维混凝土复合弹性模量本构模型及其试验

为研究耐碱玻璃纤维掺量对混凝土弹性模量理论值的影响,基于复合材料理论和力学平衡方程,对弹性模量理论本构方程进行推导,提出单轴拉伸下耐碱玻璃纤维混凝土弹性模量表达式,采用室内单轴拉伸试验,进行0.5％、1.0％、1.5％等不同纤维含量混凝土试验,得到应力-应变试验曲线.对弹性模量理论值与试验曲线所得值进行分析,并拟合验证.结果 表明,理论曲线和实验数据拟合性较好,拟合相关系数均达到了0.95以上.因此,所构建的本构方程能够揭示耐碱玻璃纤维混凝土材料宏观应力-应变曲线变化规律,为实际混凝土工程计算提供理论支撑.     

塑钢纤维掺量对钢筋与轻骨料混凝土粘结作用的影响

通过对钢筋与轻骨料混凝土进行拔出试验,探究塑钢纤维掺量对钢筋与轻骨料混凝土粘结作用的影响.以τ-s曲线描述试件粘结滑移的过程,用相对粘结强度衡量塑钢纤维掺量的影响作用,引入粘结韧性来分析塑钢纤维在试件粘结滑移过程中约束与耗能作用.结果表明:试件的破坏形态随纤维掺量的增加由劈裂破坏变为拔出破坏;钢筋的平均极限粘结强度τu、峰值滑移量su随纤维掺量的增加而增大;根据试验数据拟合出了相对粘结强度与塑钢纤维掺量的经验公式,可为工程设计提供参考;粘结韧性随纤维掺量的增加而提高,约束与耗能作用明显增强,但本试验塑钢纤维掺量超过6 kg/m3后,韧性虽继续增长,但韧性增幅却呈下降趋势.     

废玻璃粉混凝土力学性能试验研究

针对废玻璃混凝土的研究现状及应用前景,以废玻璃粉的掺量、水胶比、砂率及粒度为变化参数进行了正交试验,并根据正交试验确定的结果进行了进一步试验.研究了四因素不同水平对废玻璃粉混凝土抗压强度的影响规律,探讨了废玻璃粉混凝土应力应变关系,建立了废玻璃粉混凝土立方体抗压强度与轴压强度相关关系式.试验结果表明,水胶比及废玻璃粉掺量是影响废玻璃粉混凝土抗压强度的主要因素.不同颜色废玻璃粉混凝土的抗压强度及应力应变关系的差异不是很明显.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.