准格尔煤田高铝煤矸石矿物特征及热活性研究

对准格尔煤田煤矸石试样进行化学成分、矿物组成及微观形貌的研究表明,该煤矸石试样结构比较致密,主要成分为高岭石,Al2O3含量为48.41%,属于高铝煤矸石;进一步采用高温煅烧活化工艺对煤矸石试样进行了热活性研究,以试样活性铝溶出测定结果为参考,确定激发煤矸石试样最佳热活性条件为煅烧温度750℃,保温时间1 h。     

煤矸石中炭的浮选及煤矸石活化的研究

采用浮选方法选出煤矸石中的炭。通过试验得出当煤矸石的粒径为0.10 mm～0.075 mm时,浮选效果和产率最佳。当煅烧温度为650℃时,未除炭的煤矸石和浮选除炭后的煤矸石中的Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2三者的溶出率达到最大,因此确定它们的最佳活化温度均为650℃,并且浮选除炭对煤矸石中Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2的溶出率有较大的提高。     

高铝煤矸石铝硅分级提取实验研究

分级研究了热活化条件下高铝煤矸石在盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液中的铝硅溶出行为。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和比表面积测定仪（BET）对煤矸石试样做了表征分析。通过正交实验分析了反应温度、反应时间、初始酸碱浓度和固液比对热活化处理后高铝煤矸石中Al2O3和酸浸渣SiO2溶出率的影响。结果表明：酸浸溶出Al2O3反应过程中,固液质量比和酸浸时间对溶出率的影响最为显著,酸浸过程的最优工艺条件：初始盐酸质量分数为20%、酸浸温度为90 ℃、酸浸时间为2.5 h、固液质量比为1∶6,在此条件下,Al2O3的浸取率达82.95%;强碱溶解酸浸渣溶出SiO2反应过程最优工艺条件：碱溶温度为95 ℃、碱溶时间为2.0 h、NaOH质量分数为20%、固液质量比为1∶10,在此条件下SiO2溶出率为69.74%,碱溶温度和碱液浓度对溶出率的影响最为显著。     

掺钙和萤石的煅烧煤矸石矿物组成的变化

用X射线衍射、甘油-无水乙醇法和红外测试分析手段探讨和分析煅烧前后的煤矸石矿物组成的变化.实验发现:不同产地的煤矸石大都含有高岭石和白云母等黏土矿物.煤矸石增钙煅烧后,在850～950℃含有低温水硬活性矿物Ca12Al14O33和Ca2SiO4.随着温度升高,石英晶体发生晶格畸变,CaO特征峰强度减弱.惰性Ca2Al6SiO16和CaSiO3的生成导致煤矸石活性下降.复合掺杂F-和[SO4]2-可有效破坏网络骨架的结晶度,生成不稳定的中间相,降低体系的共熔点.     

高铁含量煤矸石制备4A分子筛的研究

以贵州六盘水矿区含铁量高且富含石英的煤矸石为原料来制备4A分子筛,方法是将煤矸石低温氧化后先酸浸除铁,然后煅烧除碳,再碱熔活化的方法,激发了煤矸石的活性,从而获得活性很高的制备分子筛的原料,最后进行水热合成反应,获得了4A分子筛,并对合成4A分子筛的工艺进行了优化,优化的工艺条件为:n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3) =2.0、n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)=1.8、n(H2O/n(Na2O) =45、老化温度为45℃、老化时间为2h、在94℃水热晶化6h,其钙离子交换量为295.6 mg CaCO3/g,超过国家标准值295 mg CaCO3/g.     

煤矸石提取氧化铝工艺研究

研究以萤石为助剂煅烧活化煤矸石,考察了煤矸石煅烧活化和溶出条件对煤矸石中氧化铝溶出率的影响。实验表明,最佳煅烧活化条件:石灰石与煤矸石质量比为2.5;萤石用量为1%(质量分数);煅烧温度为1 260℃;烧成时间为90 min。溶出的最佳工艺条件:溶出温度为85℃;溶出时间为2.0 h;Na2CO3质量分数为9%;液固比为3.5(体积质量比,mL/g)。在此条件下,煤矸石中氧化铝的溶出率高达90.5%。     

煤矸石的机械-热复合活化研究

采用直接煅烧(单纯热活化)和球磨后煅烧(机械-热复合活化)两种方式活化太原西山煤矿预处理的煤矸石,考察了球磨时间、煅烧温度对煤矸石硅铝溶出量的影响。结果表明,机械-热复合活化效果明显优于单纯热活化,太原煤矸石的机械-热复合活化的最佳工艺条件为球磨20 min,650℃煅烧2 h。此时硅溶出量68.46 mg/g,铝溶出量为131.69 mg/g。     

活化煤矸石离子溶出特性初探

初步研究了碳酸钠作为活化剂时煤矸石中硅铝的溶出特性,利用XRD分析煤矸石的煅烧情况,用ICP-AES(感偶等离子原子发射光谱)分析活化煤矸石离子溶出情况,结果表明:碳酸钠与已经热活化处理过的煤矸石样于820℃焙烧活化后,生成Na2SiO3(PDF82-604)和NaAl-SiO4(PDF76-1733),前者易溶于水,后者较偏高岭石易溶于碱,碱液浓度相同时,NaAlSi04(PDF76-1733)于NaOH的溶出率高于和在KOH溶液中的溶出率.     

煤矸石和赤泥协同提取氧化铝过程矿相转变研究

开展了煤矸石和赤泥协同提取氧化铝研究,考察了添加赤泥对煤矸石活化提取氧化铝及对助剂碳酸钠消耗量的影响,并利用TG-DSC和XRD研究了赤泥添加对煤矸石活化过程的影响。结果表明,"煤矸石-赤泥-Na_2CO_3"混合样中氧化铝的溶出率随Na/Al摩尔比和煅烧温度的增加而增加,在Al/Si摩尔比为1的条件下,当Na/Al摩尔比为1.2、煅烧温度为850℃时,混合样的氧化铝溶出率可达到91.7%,与碳酸钠直接活化煤矸石相比,碳酸钠消耗量可降低77.9%。TG-DSC和XRD的结果表明,煤矸石、赤泥以及碳酸钠在低于700℃时相互作用比较弱,在高于800℃时三者发生相互作用,赤泥的加入由于调整了样品中的Al/Si摩尔比,使反应的最终物相选择性地向Na∶Al∶Si摩尔比为1∶1∶1的霞石和沸石相转化。     

煤矸石和赤泥协同提取氧化铝过程矿相转变研究

开展了煤矸石和赤泥协同提取氧化铝研究，考察了添加赤泥对煤矸石活化提取氧化铝及对助剂碳酸钠消耗量的影响，并利用TG-DSC和XRD研究了赤泥添加对煤矸石活化过程的影响。结果表明，“煤矸石-赤泥-Na₂CO₃”混合样中氧化铝的溶出率随Na/Al摩尔比和煅烧温度的增加而增加，在Al/Si摩尔比为1的条件下，当Na/Al摩尔比为1.2、煅烧温度为850℃时，混合样的氧化铝溶出率可达到91.7%，与碳酸钠直接活化煤矸石相比，碳酸钠消耗量可降低77.9%。TG-DSC和XRD的结果表明，煤矸石、赤泥以及碳酸钠在低于700℃时相互作用比较弱，在高于800℃时三者发生相互作用，赤泥的加入由于调整了样品中的Al/Si摩尔比，使反应的最终物相选择性地向Na∶Al∶Si摩尔比为1∶1∶1的霞石和沸石相转化。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.