谈消防技术新型领域中纳米技术的应用前景

纳米技术是近年来出现的一门高新技术，随着纳米技术和纳米材料的发展，其在社会多个领域都有了广泛的应用。本文在简单介绍纳米技术的基础上，对纳米技术在消防中的应用进行了探讨，论述了这一技术在消防技术新型领域中有着广阔的应用前景。     

纳米技术在包装中的应用及启示

介绍了纳米技术和纳米材料的定义以及纳米材料的优异特性,分析了纳米技术在包装领域中的应用研究和成果,进一步展望了纳米技术在未来功能化包装中的发展及发展过程中存在的问题。     

食品与药品包装中的纳米技术

探讨了纳米技术在食品与药品包装中的研究和应用现状及发展,包括纳米抗菌、保鲜、高阻隔性三类食品包装的研究及应用,纳米高阻隔性、抗菌性两类药品包装材料的研究和应用,纳米包装材料的安全性与产业化.包装行业进入纳米时代,纳米技术大大推动了食品和药品包装的发展;同时,安全性研究不可忽视,产业化是发展方向.     

AlCrN硬质涂层材料的研究进展

综述了AlCrN涂层、以AlCrN为基的多元涂层和纳米技术涂层的研究现状,侧重描述了其结构、热稳定性、抗腐蚀性和机械加工性能,并重点介绍了Al在涂层中的作用及影响.研究表明:在AlCrN涂层中添加某些合金元素可进一步提高其综合性能;应用纳米技术形成的纳米多层结构和纳米复合结构也能促进AlCrN涂层性能的提高.对AlCrN涂层进行多元化以及纳米技术的应用是该涂层材料今后的发展方向.     

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隅—?,,。?,。。?。?。、??。。。。。 ＃＄44＃t DS纳米材料和技术的战略地位、发展趋势和应用纳米材料技术及产业的发展研究前景诱人的纳米技术漫谈纳米技术和纳米材料的应用与发展纳米技术将如何改变ZI世纪人类的生活一门前盗无量的新兴技术—一纳米技术纳米技术将领导下一场产业革命世界纳米技术研究计划纳米技术.未来科学的突破点走进纳米世界 “小”是美丽的—一纳米冲击波纳米科技及其发展前景纳米技术的员新发展纳米技术亟需以纳米技术促进产业升级纳米粒子及纳米化学研究进展纳米技术与纳米计量纳米测量技术与微型智能…     

日本纳米科技发展政策分析

<正>日本是开展纳米技术基础和应用研究最早的国家,日本政府及社会各界高度重视纳米技术的发展。日本政府连续制定了4期科学技术基本计划,确定了纳米和材料重点发展领域,并逐年增加对纳米技术的研究经费,同时为社会和企业发展纳米技术创造有利的研发环境。日本文部科学省对纳米技术及材料的基础科学研究提供资金支持,经济产业省更注重纳米材料基础研发和实用化的联合研究开发。日本还通过创新集群建设、官产学研合作等促进纳米材料与技术向产业化和规模化发展。     

纳米技术在纺织中的应用研究

纳米技术是新时期一种重要的高新技术,在纺织、建材、电子以及塑料等领域中得到广泛的应用。在纺织领域中,纳米技术起着非常重要的作用,它有助于功能性纺织产品的开发。本文结合纳米技术在纺织领域中的实际情况。对纳米技术在纺织领域中的应用进行分析与研究。     

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纳米技术在相变蓄能材料中的应用

综述了近年来纳米技术在相变材料中的应用进展,总结了相变材料制备过程中不同的复合方法,重点介绍了在相变微胶囊中的应用,讨论了纳米技术应用中存在的难题及解决方法,为纳米复合相变材料的进一步发展提供参考。     

《纳米材料》特色栏目征稿函

<正>纳米技术作为一种最具有市场应用潜力的新兴科学技术,其潜在的重要性毋庸置疑,纳米技术正成为各国科技界所关注的焦点。在国内,许多科研院所、高等院校也组织科研力量,开展纳米技术的研究工作,并取得了一定的研究成果,纳米技术基础理论研究和新材料开发等应用研究都得到了快速的发展,并且在各领域均得到了广泛的应用。在     

Nanogap Electrodes

Nanogap electrodes (namely, a pair of electrodes with a nanometer gap) are fundamental building blocks for the fabrication of nanometer‐sized devices and circuits. They are also important tools for the examination of material properties at the nanometer scale, even at the molecular scale. In this review, the techniques for the fabrication of nanogap electrodes, the preparation of assembled devices based on the nanogap electrodes, and the potential application of these nanodevices for analysis of material properties are introduced. The history, the research status, and the prospects of nanogap electrodes are also discussed.     

Fluor‐Kohlenstoff‐Nanoschichten zur gezielten Oberflächenfunktionalisierung. Fluorine‐Carbon Nano Coatings for Specific Surface Functionalization

This article concerns some aspects of the research and development work, which is done within a project of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) entitled: “nano functionalization of interfaces for data‐, textile‐, building‐, medicine‐, bio‐, and aerospace‐ technology”. In the following the broad field of applications of a surface modification on a nanometer scale is discussed. Also some scientific methods to characterize surface modifications of this kind are discussed. By means of low pressure plasma technology it is possible to functionalize surfaces and thus to well adjust their properties with respect to their application. This is done without changing the bulk material characteristics. The surfaces of the treated workpieces are covered by an ultrathin, i.e. only a few nanometer thick, fluorine‐carbon polymer layer by a plasma process. The physical and chemical surface properties, such as surface energy, roughness (on nanometer scale), dynamic wetting behaviour, or the adhesion properties against other materials, can be simple changed by varying the plasma process parameters. It is shown, that in future this surface modification will meet a broad field of applications.     

纳米材料毒理和环境安全性研究进展及趋势

结合纳米材料的制备和分析结果,对现有纳米材料的毒性和环境安全性研究以及材料制备交叉等问题进行了分析,特别就具体应用到电气电工等领域的纳米材料的安全性进行了论述,指出对于纳米毒性研究的深入还必须把纳米材料本身特性作为重点,将医学毒理研究和材料科学交叉作为未来深化研究的发展方向,指出纳米材料制成器件的安全性未必就是负面的,还需要进行深入长期的考察。     

Modeling fracture in nanomaterials via a virtual internal bond method

The recent surging interest in nanotechnology is providing a strong impetus to understanding fracture processes in nanoscale materials. There are open challenges because many classical concepts of fracture mechanics are no longer applicable as the characteristic dimension of a structure becomes comparable to or smaller than the size of the cohesive zone near a crack tip. In materials with a characteristic size on the nanometer scale, the fracture process is often strongly dominated by the surface energy and nonlinear material properties. In this paper, we apply a recently developed virtual-internal-bond (VIB) method to investigating fracture of such nanomaterials. In the VIB method, a cohesive interactive law is directly incorporated into the constitutive model so that separate fracture criteria are no longer necessary. We demonstrate that, at a critical length scale typically on the order of nanometer scale, the fracture mechanism changes from the classical Griffith fracture to one of homogeneous failure near the theoretical strength of solids; when this transition occurs, the classical singular deformation field near a crack tip disappears and is replaced by a uniform stress distribution with no stress concentration near the crack tip.     

纳米陶瓷研究进展

20世纪80年代中期发展起来的纳米陶瓷,对陶瓷材料的性能产生了重要的影响,为陶瓷材料的利用开拓了一个新的领域,已成为材料科学研究的热点之一.综述了国内外纳米陶瓷的研究动态,介绍了纳米陶瓷粉末的制备、表征,以及纳米陶瓷的性能和应用.     

利用原子力显微镜低频声学模式观察氧化锌压敏电阻

介绍在商用原子力显微镜上建立的低频声学成像模式,并利用其对氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷晶界处进行了弹性性能成像.声学像中晶界处微晶的衬度反映了添加物的分布.而晶界处的衬度增强现象可能说明样品经热处理后发生富铋相的相变.结果显示低频声成像的分辨率达到了纳米量级,在功能材料的微区力学性能表征方面具有良好的应用前景.     

Electron holographic tomography

The exact knowledge about intrinsic electrostatic potentials and in particular their three-dimensional distribution at the nanometer scale is a key prerequisite for understanding the solid state properties. Electron holographic tomography (EHT), the combination of off-axis holography with tomography in the transmission electron microscope, provides a unique access to this information. We review the development and application of automated EHT to reconstruct 3D potentials in nanostructures such as the mean inner potential of a material or the diffusion potential across p–n junctions in semiconductors. We also discuss future challenges of the 3D reconstruction of electric crystal potentials at atomic resolution and magnetostatic fields as well as ways to overcome present limitations of the method.     

对GASARITE脱合金制备微-纳复合多孔金属的研究

Gasar工艺是一种制备规则排列微米多孔金属的定向凝固工艺,脱合金工艺是一种通过选择性溶解固溶体合金而制备无序纳米多孔金属的工艺方法,将Gasar和脱合金工艺相结合可以制备一种有序-无序结合、微米-纳米复合的特殊结构多孔金属.选择Cu-Mn二元合金为研究对象,研究了Gasar工艺参数及合金成分对定向凝固多孔Cu-Mn合金结构的影响.脱合金工艺在Gasar工艺制备的定向凝固多孔Cu-Mn合金基础上进行,分析了腐蚀温度等脱合金工艺参数对纳米多孔结构的影响.在优化的Gasar和脱合金工艺参数下,制备得到了一种特殊结构的微-纳复合多孔金属.     

Integrating copper at the nanometer length scale with Sn–3·5Ag solder to develop high performance nanocomposites

Abstract

In the present study, copper at the nanometer length scale is integrated with Sn–3·5Ag using the technique of powder metallurgy incorporating energy efficient microwave sintering. Superior mechanical characteristics were realised for the formulations containing nanometer length scale copper in excess of 1 vol.-%. Sn–3·5Ag reinforced with 2·5 vol.% nanosize copper particulates exhibited the best overall mechanical characteristics. Particular emphasis is placed on studying the effect of the increasing presence of nanosize copper particulates on the microstructure and property evolution of the Sn–3·5Ag matrix.     

Magnetic Enhancement and Suppression of Haldane Gap in Nanocrystals of Spin-Chain $${{\hbox {Y}}_{2}}{{\hbox {BaNiO}}_{5}}$$

Nanometer scale is introduced in the well-known Haldane system \(\hbox {Y}_{2}\hbox {BaNiO}_{5}\,(S=1)\). Magnetization and pulsed-field electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements were performed. As a result, the magnetization of nanoparticles is much enhanced as compared with that of the bulk material. The Haldane gap in the bulk form tends to be suppressed as the grain size is reduced down to the nanometer scale. The chain-end \(S\hbox {-}1/2\) spins have an important contribution to the magnetism of nanoparticles. The high-field ESR data demonstrated a paramagnetic-like resonance. The frequency–field (f–H) relationship is linear and passes through the origin. The g value is about 2.16, in good agreement with the typical value of paramagnetic \(\hbox {Ni}^{2+}\). It is concluded that the nanometer scale is a new degree of freedom for controlling the ground state of quantum magnets.