聚醚共聚酰胺多层复合气体分离膜的制备及其分离性能

采用浸渍涂覆法,以聚醚共聚酰胺PEBA1074嵌段高分子为选择层膜材料制备具有超薄分离层的PEI/PDMS/PEBA1074/PDMS多层复合气体分离膜,探讨了操作条件对H2、N2、CH4和CO2等在多层复合膜中的渗透性能的影响.多层复合膜对极性气体具有较高的渗透通量,并且对极性/非极性气体分离体系具有较高的选择性.CO2对多层复合膜存在增塑作用,其渗透通量随操作压力的增加而增加;随着操作温度的升高,H2、N2、CH4和CO2在复合膜中的渗透通量显著增大,而CO2/非极性气体(H2、N2和CH4)的分离系数减小.气体渗透通量与温度的关系在PEO链段熔点的上下分别满足不同的Arrhenius方程.当操作温度大于PEO链段熔点温度时,气体的渗透活化能减小.     

聚醚共聚酰胺-三醋酸甘油酯多层复合气体分离膜的制备及其分离性能

以聚醚共聚酰胺Pebax1074为分离层主体膜材料,以三醋酸甘油酯(GTA)为添加剂,制备具有超薄分离层的Psf/PDMS/Pebax1074和Psf/PDMS/Pebax1074-GTA/PDMS多层复合气体分离膜.考察了Pebax1074和GTA浓度、温度、压力等条件对H2、N2、CH4和CO2等在复合膜中的渗透性能的影响.结果显示,随Pebax1074浓度的增大,Psf/PDMS/Pebax1074膜对气体的渗透通量急剧下降,气体选择性逐渐增大至接近Pebax1074本征值.当GTA质量分数大于50%,Psf/PDMS/Pebax1074-GTA复合膜的气体渗透通量大幅增加,而气体选择性不高.利用硅橡胶对复合膜表面保护后,气体选择性接近Pebax1074材料本征值.Psf/PDMS/Pebax1074-GTA/PDMS多层复合膜对CO2具有较高的渗透通量和较高的选择性.CO2对多层复合膜存在塑化效应,渗透通量随压差增大而增大;随着操作温度的升高,H2、N2、CH4和CO2在复合膜中的渗透通量显著增大,而CO2/(N2、CH4、H2)的分离系数减小.     

基于一步法制备超高PEO负载的亲CO2气体分离膜用于高效碳捕集(英文)

针对日益增加的大气CO₂含量,膜技术被认为是一种有前景的碳捕集策略,其中亲CO₂分离膜已经展示出显著的应用潜力,特别是在CO₂/轻质气体分离方面。以聚环氧乙烷(PEO)为代表的CO₂亲和材料,因其与CO₂的特殊偶极-四极矩相互作用而吸引了广泛的研究关注。在此,我们报道了一种简便的一步合成方案,通过原位聚合高度柔性的小分子PEO来克服其高结晶度和低机械强度的局限性。得益于短链PEO与聚合物基体之间的复杂链缠绕,使线性PEO的负载高达90%(质量分数)。因此,分离性能轻松超过了著名的分离上限。此外,高结构稳定性使得分离膜在高进料压力(高达20 bar)下表现出更好的CO₂渗透系数和气体选择性。本研究同时改善了全聚合物膜的机械性能和气体分离性能,在工业碳捕集和气体净化领域展现出显著潜力。     

Pebax/TPP共混膜的制备及CO2分离性能研究

为了获得具有高CO_2分离性能的膜材料,采用三丙酸甘油酯(TPP)为添加剂制备Pebax1657/TPP混合膜,并考察了TPP含量对Pebax/TPP共混膜的结构及气体分离性能的影响.SEM、XRD、ATR-FTIR和TGA分析表明,Pebax与TPP具有良好的相容性及热稳定性;TPP的加入同时提高了共混膜对CO_2和N_2的溶解系数和扩散系数.Pebax/TPP共混膜中CO_2和N_2的气体渗透性能随着TPP含量的增加而增加,而CO_2/N_2的选择性则随着TPP含量的增加而下降.     

二维材料构筑的CO2分离膜研究进展

二维材料由于其独特的纳米片结构，已广泛应用于设计高气体渗透通量和选择性的分离膜中.石墨烯类、二维金属有机骨架、二维过渡金属碳化物/碳氮化物等二维材料中构筑的纳米及纳米尺度孔道为分子输运提供了特殊的通道，它们是高渗透性和高选择性分子筛分的根本原因.本文综述了近年来二维材料基CO₂分离膜的研究进展，包括材料种类、分离膜的制备方法、分离性能及分离机制，并对二维材料基CO₂分离膜的应用前景进行了总结与展望.     

聚醚共聚酰胺膜的制备与分离性能

以橡胶态聚醚共聚酰胺(Pebax1074)嵌段共聚物为膜材料,采用流延法制备亲水性无缺陷的Pebax1074均质膜.由于Pebax1074嵌段高分子中的聚环氧乙烷(PEO)链段对CO2分子的亲和性,Pebax1074膜对CO2/非极性气体分离体系有较高的分离性能.CO2渗透系数由于增塑作用随膜两侧压差的增大而显著增大,且温度越低增塑作用越大;而N2、CH4和H2等非极性气体的渗透系数由于流体静力学压力效应随膜两侧压差增大略有减小,温度越高流体静力学压力效应越弱.N2、CH4、H2和CO2在Pebax1074膜中的渗透系数均可用Arrhenius方程描述,且随着压力的升高,CO2的渗透活化能下降,而N2、CH4和H2非极性气体的渗透活化能升高.     

聚醚共聚酰胺复合气体分离膜的制备与分离性能

以湿涂方式,采用浸渍涂层方法,通过溶剂蒸发制得聚醚共聚酰胺PEBA2533平板复合气体分离膜,探讨了在复合膜制备过程中,涂层液溶剂的选择、底膜、涂层浓度、涂层温度以及固化干燥时间等因素对CO2/N2体系渗透分离性能的影响.正丙醇和水的互溶性导致了大量表面缺陷的形成,使得以正丙醇为溶剂制得的复合气体分离膜对CO2/N2体系没有选择性.以正丁醇做溶剂,涂层质量分数大于5%时,形成具有致密分离层的复合气体分离膜,CO2/N2分离系数达到本征分离性能.涂层温度的升高促使复合膜表面缺陷的增加,导致CO2/N2的分离系数减小.     

BDAF-PMDA型聚酰亚胺炭膜的制备及其气体分离性能的研究

以2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基苯基)]六氟丙烷(BDAF)为二胺单体,均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)为二酐单体,采用两步法制备了BDAF-PMDA型聚酰亚胺,进一步高温热解制备炭膜.采用红外、热重、X射线衍射分析其结构变化,并测试炭膜对纯组分及混合气体的渗透性能和分离选择性.结果表明,BDAF-PMDA型炭膜具有较高的气体渗透性,在CO2/H2体系中可优先渗透CO2.提高炭化温度,炭膜孔径减小,气体的渗透性能降低,选择性提高,并使得BDAF-PMDA型炭膜的分离机理由表面扩散为主逐渐变为表面扩散和分子筛分共同控制.     

溶胶-凝胶法甲基化改性SiO2膜的气体渗透性和再生性研究

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷替代部分正硅酸乙酯作为前驱物,用溶胶-凝胶法对亲水性SiO2膜进行改性,制备了甲基化改性SiO2膜.通过FTIR、SEM和气体渗透实验考察了甲基化改性对SiO2膜形貌、化学结构、气体渗透性及再生性的影响.结果表明,压差、温度对两种SiO2膜渗透分离性能的影响相似;甲基化改性使SiO2膜气体渗透速率显著增加,而H2/CO2选择性却没有明显下降;在水气环境中陈化后,虽然两种SiO2膜的H2/CO2选择性均未显著降低,但亲水性SiO2膜气体渗透速率下降明显,而甲基化改性SiO2膜则下降较小.再生可以部分恢复SiO2膜的渗透分离性能,与陈化前相比,再生使两种SiO2膜的渗透性能降低,H2/CO2选择性增大,甲基化改性大大减小了再生对膜渗透性能的劣化.     

聚醚共聚酰胺复合气体分离膜对CO2/N2分离性能的研究

以烟道气中CO2的捕集为研究背景,以聚醚共聚酰胺Pebax1657嵌段共聚物为选择层膜材料,采用浸渍涂覆法,制备具有超薄分离皮层的PEI/PDMS/Pebax1657/PDMS多层复合气体分离膜,研究复合气体分离膜对CO2/N2混合气的分离特性.由于CO2的增塑作用,复合膜对CO2/N2混合气的分离系数为40左右,低于其理想分离系数.操作压力和原料气中CO2浓度对复合膜的渗透分离性能以及混合气的分离效果影响显著.在实际应用中,可通过调节膜两侧操作压力来提高CO2的富集浓度.     

A partially interpenetrated metal-organic framework for selective hysteretic sorption of carbon dioxide

The selective capture of carbon dioxide in porous materials has potential for the storage and purification of fuel and flue gases. However, adsorption capacities under dynamic conditions are often insufficient for practical applications, and strategies to enhance CO(2)-host selectivity are required. The unique partially interpenetrated metal-organic framework NOTT-202 represents a new class of dynamic material that undergoes pronounced framework phase transition on desolvation. We report temperature-dependent adsorption/desorption hysteresis in desolvated NOTT-202a that responds selectively to CO(2). The CO(2) isotherm shows three steps in the adsorption profile at 195?K, and stepwise filling of pores generated within the observed partially interpenetrated structure has been modelled by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Adsorption of N(2), CH(4), O(2), Ar and H(2) exhibits reversible isotherms without hysteresis under the same conditions, and this allows capture of gases at high pressure, but selectively leaves CO(2) trapped in the nanopores at low pressure.     

Nanoparticles of antimony doped tin dioxide as a liquid petroleum gas sensor: effect of size on sensitivity

The gas sensitivity exhibited by nanoparticles of 1 wt% Pd catalysed antimony doped tin dioxide (ATO) prepared by a citrate-nitrate process is reported here. The reduction of particle size to <3 nm, a dimension smaller than double the thickness of the charge depletion layer, has resulted in an exceptionally high butane sensitivity and selectivity. The sensitivity and selectivity of ATO particles of different sizes unequivocally proved that reducing the size of particles to below twice the Debye length dimension produces materials with exceptionally high sensitivity and selectivity for sensor applications. The sensitivity of the samples towards 1000 ppm butane varied in the order 98%>55%>47%, for CNP>SP>CP samples having crystallite sizes of the order of 2.4 nm to 18 nm to 25 nm, respectively. The ATO nanoparticles exhibited not only a remarkable increase in gas sensitivity of around 98% towards 1000 ppm butane at 350?°C, but also a preferential selectivity to butane compared to other gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, CH4 and H2. In addition to the exceptionally high sensitivity and selectivity, the developed sensors also exhibited an improved response time and long term stability, which are of paramount importance for practical device development.     

CO2‐Philic Separation Membrane: Deep Eutectic Solvent Filled Graphene Oxide Nanoslits

CO₂ capture and sequestration is an energy‐intensive industry to deal with the global greenhouse effect. Membrane separation is considered a cost‐effective method to mitigate the emission of CO₂. Though good separation performance and stability have been reported, supported ionic liquid membranes are still not widely applied for CO₂ separation due to the high cost. As a novel analogous solvent to ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent retains the excellent merits of ionic liquid and is cheap with facile preparation. Herein, a highly CO₂‐philic separation membrane is constructed by nanoconfining choline chloride/ethylene glycol (ChCl/EG) deep eutectic solvent into graphene oxide nanoslits. Molecular dynamic simulation results indicate that the confinement makes a difference to the structure of the nanoconfined ChCl/EG liquid from their bulk, which remarkably facilitates CO₂ transport. By tuning the molar ratio of ChCl/EG and thickness of the membrane, the resultant membrane exhibits outstanding separation performance for CO₂ with excellent selectivity over other light gases, good long‐term durability, and thermal stability. This makes it a promising membrane for selective CO₂ separation.     

介孔碳/聚酰亚胺杂化膜原位聚合法制备及其气体分离性能

通过原位聚合法分别将无序介孔碳（DOMC）、有序介孔碳（OMC）掺杂到聚酰亚胺（PI）中制备DOMC/PI、OMC/PI杂化膜。利用FTIR、TEM、SEM和XRD等分析表征两种介孔碳材料的结构及其掺杂对杂化膜形貌和结构的影响,结合CO₂和N₂的渗透实验考评杂化膜的气体渗透性能。DOMC、OMC均具有孔隙结构,且与CO₂分子之间存在相互作用,通过掺杂DOMC、OMC既能提高杂化膜的自由体积,又可促进杂化膜对CO₂的优先选择吸附。表现为掺杂DOMC、OMC可有效改善PI膜的CO₂、N₂渗透性能和CO₂/N₂渗透选择性。随掺杂量的增加,杂化膜的CO₂、N₂渗透性能和CO₂/N₂渗透选择性均先增大后减小。另外,相较于OMC,DOMC具有更多孔隙结构和更大的比表面积,使DOMC/PI杂化膜的CO₂、N₂渗透性能优于OMC/PI杂化膜,但两种杂化膜的CO₂/N₂渗透选择性相近。     

Nanoporous materials: Porous Graphene as an Atmospheric Nanofilter (Small 20/2010)

The fabrication of nanoscale membranes exhibiting high selectivity is an emerging field of research. The possibility to use bottom‐up approaches to fabricate a filter with porous graphene and analyze its functionality with first principle calculations is investigated. Here, the porous network is produced by self‐assembly of the hexaiodo‐substituted macrocycle cyclohexa‐m‐phenylene (CHP). The resulting porous network exhibits an extremely high selectivity in favor of H₂ and He among other atmospheric gases, such as Ne, O₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, NH₃, and Ar. The presented membrane is superior to traditional filters using polymers or silica and could have great potential for further technological applications such as gas sensors or fuel cells.     

Porous Graphene as an Atmospheric Nanofilter

The fabrication of nanoscale membranes exhibiting high selectivity is an emerging field of research. The possibility to use bottom‐up approaches to fabricate a filter with porous graphene and analyze its functionality with first principle calculations is investigated. Here, the porous network is produced by self‐assembly of the hexaiodo‐substituted macrocycle cyclohexa‐m‐phenylene (CHP). The resulting porous network exhibits an extremely high selectivity in favor of H₂ and He among other atmospheric gases, such as Ne, O₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, NH₃, and Ar. The presented membrane is superior to traditional filters using polymers or silica and could have great potential for further technological applications such as gas sensors or fuel cells.     

Microporous Organic Materials for Membrane‐Based Gas Separation

Membrane materials with excellent selectivity and high permeability are crucial to efficient membrane gas separation. Microporous organic materials have evolved as an alternative candidate for fabricating membranes due to their inherent attributes, such as permanent porosity, high surface area, and good processability. Herein, a unique pore‐chemistry concept for the designed synthesis of microporous organic membranes, with an emphasis on the relationship between pore structures and membrane performances, is introduced. The latest advances in microporous organic materials for potential membrane application in gas separation of H₂, CO₂, O₂, and other industrially relevant gases are summarized. Representative examples of the recent progress in highly selective and permeable membranes are highlighted with some fundamental analyses from pore characteristics, followed by a brief perspective on future research directions.     

具有近红外吸收的二维/三维ZnIn2S4/氮掺杂石墨烯光催化剂的制备及其高效CO2捕获和光催化还原性能（英文）

具有宽光谱太阳能利用的分等级异质结光催化剂,正成为一种新兴的先进光催化材料,被应用于太阳能驱动二氧化碳转化为高附加值的化学原料.本工作通过水热法使二维硫化铟锌纳米墙垂直生长于三维氮掺杂石墨烯泡沫上,形成分等级异质结光催化剂.该催化剂展现出优异的光热转换效率、选择性捕获CO2和光催化还原CO2的能力.在273 K和1个大气压条件下,负载1 wt%氮掺杂石墨烯泡沫的复合催化剂表现出最优异的性能,其中对CO2和N2的吸附选择性为30.1,并且对CO2的等量吸附热为48.2 kJ mol^-1.在无助催化剂和牺牲剂的条件下,负载1 wt%氮掺杂石墨烯泡沫的复合催化剂,其光催化转化CO2为CH4、CO和CH3OH的效率分别是纯的硫化铟锌的9.1、3.5和5.9倍.该增强效应得益于三维石墨烯泡沫高度开放的网状结构,良好的CO2吸附能力和两种组份之间的强相互作用.此外,利用原位照射X射线光电子能谱仪和开尔文探针技术分析了电荷转移的方向,本工作为设计高效太阳能转化分等级异质结光催化剂开辟了新的思路.     

基于ZIF8/rGO的高性能NO2室温传感器

二氧化氮气体是一种常见的大气污染物, 对自然环境和人类健康造成严重的危害, 开发检测该类有毒有害气体的高效检测设备势在必行。新型复合薄膜气体传感器可以在常温下对二氧化氮进行高选择性、高灵敏度检测, 为自然环境和人类健康保驾护航。本工作采用化学沉淀法和超声法制备了多孔、高比表面积的ZIF8/还原氧化石墨烯(ZIF8/rGO)复合材料, 以此为气敏材料构建NO₂传感器, 并系统研究了其在室温下对NO₂的气敏性能, 进一步探讨了ZIF8/rGO气敏传感器感应NO₂的可能机理。气敏实验结果表明：ZIF8/rGO气敏传感器对50×10^-6 NO₂的响应达到34.77%, 是纯rGO气敏传感器的3.2倍。ZIF8/rGO传感器在4个可逆循环测试中表现出较好的可重复性, RSD(Relative Standard Deviation)为3.9%。此外, ZIF8/rGO传感器表现出优秀的长期稳定性(RSD为2.5%)、选择性和低的检出限(3.8×10^-8)。室温下灵敏感应NO₂的气敏性能主要归因于ZIF8的多孔结构和超大的比表面积以及rGO的优越性能。本工作将为ZIF8/rGO作为气敏材料检测有毒有害的NO₂气体提供新思路。