乳状液膜法处理H酸废水的实验研究

以Span-80、FSN-100为复合表面活性剂,TOA为流动载体,研究了乳状液膜处理H酸废水时TOA浓度、内相NaOH浓度、油内比Roi、外相pH、乳水比Rew及搅拌强度等因素对废水COD去除率指标的影响,分析了其内在影响因素的规律性.同时,实验结果表明乳状液膜法处理H酸废水具有较好的应用前景.     

用液膜技术处理稀土废水

摘要：采用Span80-P204-煤油液膜体系，对江西某稀土分离厂所排放的稀土废水进行处理，经测定该废水含Re^3 的浓度在100～300mg／L．经液膜处理后，废水中Re^3 的浓度低于1mg／L，达到国家排放标准．同时经浓缩提取后稀土可作为原料，返回稀土分离厂进行重新利用.     

液膜分离技术的进展

本文介绍了液膜分离技术的最新研究结果和发展趋势,主要叙述了液膜分离技术进行氯基酸以及衍生物和金属离子的基本原理、应用实例。     

液膜分离过程研究的新进展

简要回顾了液膜分离过程的发展史,并在分析乳化液膜和支撑液膜所存在问题的基础上,介绍了近１０ 年来发展起来的几种新型的液膜分离过程．     

液膜法萃取青霉素的研究

介绍了乳状液膜法萃取模拟发酵液中青素的研究工作，考究了混合槽中液膜组成、试剂比、油内比、乳水比及外水相ＰＨ变化对传质过程的影响，找出了一个较为适宜的液膜组成及室浊下适宜操作的萃取工艺条件。     

重差分相液膜分离技术

报道了一种新的液膜分离方法 ,实践证明它具有液膜分离的优点 .克服了要求乳状液既稳定又容易破乳这一对难于调和的矛盾 ,去掉了制乳与破乳过程 ,使工艺简化并显著地节省能耗 .     

支撑液膜分离技术的研究进展

介绍了支撑液膜分离技术的最新研究进展,特别是欧洲的研究现状.叙述了近年来使用支撑液膜进行金属离子的选择分离,光学异构体的分离,生物活性物质的分离及气体分离的基本原理和研究进展.列举了不同金属离子和有机酸选择分离的载体.同时报道了支撑液膜作为分析检测的辅助手段用于微量成份,环境中污染药物,人体体液中的药物的分离富集分析检测的研究.并对支撑液膜稳定性的研究进展,包括支撑液膜不稳定性的机理,改进支撑液膜稳定性的方法作了介绍.     

液膜法处理高氟废水研究

利用Ｎ２０５－Ｎ１９２３－煤油液膜体系，ＣａＣｌ２溶液作内相，对高氟废水的处理进行了研究。利用正交实验确定了影响最大的因素，并研究了各种因素对处理的影响。经３０ｍｉｎ处理，外相Ｆ＾－浓度可由０．５００ｇ／Ｌ降至０．０１０ｇ／Ｌ以下，可达到工业排放标准。     

钢铁废水超滤工艺优化现场试验研究

在钢铁工业废水回用深度处理装置上,内压式中空纤维超滤膜HYDRAcap60系统被用于反渗透预处理.介绍了针对膜污染问题开展的工艺优化现场试验,给出了优化工艺条件.分析了膜污染物的成分,并讨论了膜污染的可能机理.在超滤膜前在线投加粉末活性炭-三氯化铁混合絮凝剂对促进系统稳定运行效果明显,有效解决了膜污染的发生.现场试验分为条件试验和优化工艺确认试验,确认试验连续运行近3个月,期间试验装置跨膜压差没有明显增加.酸性和碱性溶液化学清洗(CIP)和加药反洗(CEB)对系统性能恢复都有明显作用,透过膜的清洗液循环非常重要.     

稀型乳状液膜分离法的应用研究进展

油内比大、含表面活性剂量少的稀型乳状液，不易溶胀，易被破乳；在工频电压为３．５ｋＶ时，就实现了破乳过程，因而，稀型乳状液分离法较顺利地实行了工业应用，用该法处理酸性含锌不的工业过程得到了良好的结果；被处理后的綮不可以排放、过程无二次污染；破乳过程使用电压低；整个处理过程中所用的试剂、水、电等费用小于过程中回收的硫酸锌的价值。     

手性配体交换乳状液膜选择性萃取扁桃酸对映体

基于手性配体交换反应,研究了在含有N-n-十二烷基-L-羟基脯氨酸和铜离子的配合物为手性配体的乳状液膜体系中选择性萃取扁桃酸对映体.考察了扁桃酸外消旋体浓度,手性萃取方向,有机溶剂和表面活性剂配比,从外水相到内水相pH值的梯度变化以及外水相的pH值变化对选择性萃取性能的影响,从而确定了合适的选择性萃取条件.     

Study on a new surfactant for removal of phenol from wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane

Removal of phenol from wastewater using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is studied in present study. A new polyamine-type surfactant was synthesized and used for stabilizing of the emulsion phase. The results for the emulsion made by the synthesized surfactant showed much better stability and performance in the separation process compared to that by conventionally used Span 80. To determine the optimum operation conditions, the effect of several parameters such as emulsifier concentration, concentration of NaOH in the internal phase, oil to internal phase volume ratio, mixing intensity, temperature, solvent type, and stabilizer concentration have been investigated. It was found that under the optimum conditions, more than 98% of phenol can be removed in a single-stage process. The removal efficiency can be increased to 99.8% in a two-stage process.     

乳状液膜法处理苯胺类染化废水

采用非流动载体乳状液膜法处理高碱性舍氨和苯胺类化合物的染化废水。考察了表面活性剂种类和浓度、内水相硫酸浓度、外水相pH等对迁移率的影响。实验表明，当采用2％LMA—1煤油溶液为油膜相和2mol／L硫酸溶液为内水相时，经过二级液膜提取分离，含有5000mg／L氨和600mg／L苯胺类化合物的高碱性染化废水中氨和苯胺类物质的迁移率可达98％以上。     

混合型表面活性剂液膜法处理含酚废水研究

研究了兰－１１３Ｂ＝Ｓｐａｎ－８０－－煤油ＮａＯＨ液膜体系处理苯酚废水的最佳操作工用于对高浓度含酚废水进行处理，实验结果表明，混合型表面活性剂各项指标均较好，除酚效率可达９９％以上，对内相ＮａＯＨ的最佳浓度的确定给出了估算方法。     

Determination of phosphoric acid mono- and diesters in municipal wastewater by solid-phase extraction and ion-pair liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The first analytical method for the determination of 13 phosphoric acid mono- and diesters from aqueous samples is presented. The method consists of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ion-pair liquid chromatographic separation with tri-n-butylamine coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. Due to a lack of pure standards, only 3 of the 13 esters could be quantified. SPE recoveries ranged from 71 to 112% for di-n-butyl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP) with limits of quantification from 7 to 14 ng/L for 100-mL samples. At analyte concentrations >or=1 microg/L, aqueous samples can be analyzed by direct injection without extraction. In municipal wastewater, six diesters and one monoester were unambiguously identified by comparison with synthesized reference material. DEHP showed highest concentrations of 60 and 5 microg/L in raw and treated wastewater, respectively. The detection of monoethylhexyl phosphate was confirmed by LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, and it was found at a concentration level comparable to DEHP. Laboratory degradation tests show that phosphoric acid diesters can be formed as intermediates in the microbial degradation of trialkyl phosphates that are being used as flame retardants and plasticizers.     

支撑液膜提取柠檬酸的传质机理

研究和探讨柠檬酸提取的化学过程,论述了反萃取剂Na2CO3与溶质柠檬酸的最终化学计量比并非是化学反应比3∶2而是1∶1,甚至更低,也就是说,在反萃取相中不仅存在C6H5O73-,而且存在HC6H5O72-或H2C6H5O7-.提高反萃取剂的浓度对溶质提取有利.为深入研究该技术提供了理论依据.     

静电纺丝纳米纤维膜材料吸附处理废水中污染物的研究进展

静电纺丝纳米纤维膜具有独特的网状结构和相连通的微孔道,作为一种新型吸附材料,具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、易改性、易回收和化学稳定性好等优势,在吸附废水中的污染物方面得到了广泛的应用.本文首先简单介绍了静电纺丝的工作原理,随后,概述了静电纺丝纳米纤维膜作为吸附剂用于水污染处理的最新研究进展,主要包括有机污染物、无机阴离子、...     

Measurement of partition coefficients in waterless biphasic liquid systems by countercurrent chromatography

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a chromatographic separation technique that uses a liquid as a stationary phase. Centrifugal forces are used to immobilize the liquid stationary phase when the liquid mobile phase is pushed through it. In CCC, the solutes are separated according to their liquid-liquid partition coefficients. The solutes studied were the alkylbenzene homologues from benzene to hexylbenzene and some polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from naphthalene to coronene. Their liquid-liquid partition coefficients were measured in the five waterless biphasic systems formed by heptane, as the apolar liquid phase of the five biphasic systems, and four dipolar aprotic solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, furfural, and N-methylpyrrolidone, and the polar proton-donor solvent methanol. The coefficients were compared to the corresponding capacity factors obtained by classical liquid chromatography on octadecyl-bonded silica. For the five biphasic solvent systems studied, linear relationships were found between the partition coefficients and the sp(3) and sp(2) hybridized carbon atom number for the alkylbenzene and PAH series, respectively. The sp(2) and sp(3) transfer energies were estimated, and their ratio was used to quantify the solvent selectivity toward aromatic extraction.     

液膜常用表面活性剂对青霉素提取率及液膜溶胀的研究

采用以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为流动载体,液体石蜡为膜相添加剂,煤油为膜溶剂与表面活性剂组成的W/O型乳状液膜体系提取模拟发酵液中的青霉素,考察了单一表面活性剂、混合表面活性剂对青霉素传质和液膜溶胀的影响.实验结果表明:聚胺类表面活性剂(兰113B、N205、ECA4360)对青霉素的提取率优于酯类表面活性剂(span80),且用量少、液膜溶胀率低;酯类表面活性剂与聚胺类表面活性剂不能配伍使用,聚胺类表面活性剂混合性能优于单一表面活性剂,有利于提高青霉素的传质,降低液膜溶胀.表面活性剂在液膜分离中起着极为重要的作用,直接影响着液膜的稳定性、溶胀性能及液膜的破乳.选择性能优良的表面活性剂,适宜的液膜配方和操作条件,有利于控制液膜溶胀,提高青霉素的提取率.