黄陂区李家集街泡桐社区污水处理工程设计技术方案

李家集街泡桐社区污水处理工程处理规模为1000m~3/d,采用A~2/O-MBR工艺,其出水按照GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准进行设计。对主要设计参数进行了设计,并对出水效果进行了分析,满足设计要求。     

倒置A2/O工艺在污水处理厂中的应用

本文就倒置A2/O工艺在污水处理厂中的应用进行了探讨,结合某具体实际工程,对倒置A2/O工艺和百乐克工艺作了系统比较,并详细介绍了倒置A2/O工艺在污水处理厂中的应用,旨在为更好地将倒置A2/O工艺应用于污水处理厂中提供参考。     

改良A/A/O工艺在污水厂中的设计方案

贵港市建设发展迅速,现有污水处理厂容量已渐趋饱和,亟需建设城东污水处理厂。该污水处理厂规模为近期4万m3/d,远期8万m3/d,出水标准为国标的一级A标准。通过分析进出水水质,结合工程实际情况进行工艺比选,最终确定采用改良A/A/O+高效沉淀池作为核心处理工艺。该设计方案流程简单,操作、管理方便。处理单元去除效果预测待处理污水经上述各构筑物处理以后,出水能够达到预期的目的。     

MB（A2/O）工艺的好氧、缺氧摄磷及微生物特性

为开发高效除磷脱氮技术,研制了将MBR与A２桙O工艺有机集成的新型MB（A２/O）组合工艺。研究 了MB（A２/O）工艺处理城市污水的好氧、缺氧摄磷性能及微生物特性,并分析了其机理。结果表明：在 MB（A２/O）系统中,聚磷菌约占活性污泥总量的２０％～４０％,其中大量存在能够利用NOX－N作为电子受体 进行反硝化除磷的DPB,约占聚磷菌数量的３５畅６６％～６７畅８３％。好氧摄磷的平均速率为２畅３０mgP·gMLSS－１· h－１,最大摄磷速率为５.４４mgP·gMLSS－１·h－１;缺氧摄磷的平均速率为１     

改性PbO2电极电化学催化裂解的稳定性研究(英文)

目前，国内外污水处理工艺主要以厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A2/O)处理工艺为主，A2/O工艺是一种典型的除磷脱氮工艺，特点是厌氧、缺氧和好氧三段功能明确，界线分明，可根据进水条件和出水要求，人为地创造和控制三段的时空比例和运转条件，只要碳源充足，便可根据需要达到比较高的脱氮效率。然而，传统A2/O工艺存在以下两个缺点:(1)由于厌氧区居前，回流污泥中的硝酸盐对厌氧区产生不利影响;(2)由于缺氧区位于系统中部，反硝化在碳源分配上居于不利地位，影响了系统的脱氮效果。而当发生偷排、漏排等引起的水质冲击时，A2/O工艺很难在短时间内使水质达到排放要求。电解法处理废水具有效率高、适应性强、无二次污染等特点，在处理有机废水方面优势明显。电化学氧化法是通过电极表面的电催化作用在电极上产生强氧化性物质使有机类化合物氧化降解。由产生强氧化性物质的途径和种类决定，该方法可分为直接和间接电化学氧化两类:(1)直接电化学氧化法通过在阳极表面产生金属过氧化物来实现有机类化合物的氧化降解。电极电解水生成羟基自由基(·OH)，·OH与金属氧化物(MOx)结合，形成金属过氧化物。金属过氧化物在有机类化合物降解过程中能够抑制钝...     

城市污水深度处理及回用工程

采用“A2／O＋曝气生物滤池＋活性砂过滤”工艺处理城市污水,工程运行结果表明最终排放水达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准＊（GB18918-2002）中一级A标准。该工艺不仅缓解了水资源紧缺局面,并提供3万m3／d的再生水,用于城市的绿化、补充河道等,而且该工程减少了水污啦物排放总量,保证周边水污染防治规划目标的顺利实施。     

改良型多级A/O工艺处理城市生活污水试验研究

为充分利用进水碳源,提高污染物的去除效率,采用改良型多级A/O工艺处理低碳源(C/N<4.0)城市生活污水。在流量分配比为5∶3∶1∶1、HRT为8h、污泥回流比为60%、SRT为10d的条件下,考察了系统各反应器对污染物的去除情况以及各反应器的反硝化情况。结果表明：系统出水COD_Cr、NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP浓度分别为20.32mg/L、1.51mg/L、14.15mg/L、0.99mg/L,去除率分别为92.26%、97.37%、79.6%、79.5%;厌氧、各缺氧反应器进水与原污水中污染物浓度不同,各反应器的水力负荷也不同,对污染物的去除情况有所差异;厌氧、各缺氧反应器均发生了较好的反硝化反应。总体而言,改良型多级A/O工艺对低碳源生活污水中污染物有很好的去除效果,可为实际生活污水的处理提供依据。     

直流高压源测量标准的重复性测试及稳定性考核

简述了直流高压源测量标准的组成及原理,依据GJB/J2658-96及GJB2749A,以2k V和5k V测试点为例测试了直流高压源测量标准的重复性,进行了直流高压源测量标准的稳定性考核,且该考核结果经验证满足要求。     

约束型阻尼钢轨衰减率和降噪效果试验分析

基于力锤敲击方法,测试阻尼钢轨和标准钢轨的衰减率,将阻尼钢轨与标准钢轨衰减率对比。结果表明:阻尼钢轨低频部分衰减率接近于标准钢轨,高频部分(钢轨噪声明显部分)衰减率高于标准钢轨;相比于标准钢轨,1号阻尼钢轨垂向衰减率在2 500 Hz倍频程带时高出0.50 d B/m,2号阻尼钢轨垂向衰减率在1 600 Hz倍频程带时高出0.28 d B/m,3号阻尼钢轨在1 000 Hz倍频程带提高了0.21 d B/m。束型阻尼钢轨具有一定的降噪效果,可在标准钢轨的基础上降低1.3 d B(A)~1.5 d B(A)。将其应用于实际线路中,能降低铁路总噪声1.6 d B(A)~1.7 d B(A)。     

多道次搅拌摩擦加工对SiCP/2A14铝合金复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)技术对SiC颗粒增强2A14铝合金(SiC_P/2A14)复合材料进行处理,通过金相表征、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、SEM、硬度测试及力学拉伸实验等分析了多道次搅拌摩擦加工对SiC_P/2A14复合材料微观组织、力学性能及超塑性变形行为的影响。研究表明:经搅拌摩擦加工后,SiC_P/2A14复合材料搅拌区内SiC颗粒分布明显均匀,晶粒细化,其中2道次搅拌摩擦加工的SiC_P/2A14复合材料的晶粒尺寸最小,为3.14 μm。随着搅拌加工道次的增加,SiC_P/2A14复合材料的硬度降低,室温抗拉强度和高温延伸率均先提高后降低,其中2道次搅拌摩擦加工的SiC_P/2A14复合材料的室温抗拉强度为319 MPa,相较于未经FSP处理的SiC_P/2A14复合材料提高了41%,在500℃、应变速率为1.0×10?3 s?1条件下高温延伸率为609%,相较于未经FSP处理的SiC_P/2A14复合材料提高了133%。      

A/O MBR处理城市污水回用的中试研究

采用中试规模(36 m3/d)的缺氧-好氧膜生物反应器(A/O MBR)对城市污水处理回用进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,该工艺处理效果优良,系统对COD、氨氮、浊度、细菌的平均去除率分别为94%,98.3%,99.6%,lg6,出水浓度分别为18 mg/L,0.65 mg/L,0.06 NTU,4个/mL.出水水质优于城市杂用水水质标准(GB/T 18920-2002).该系统具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力.     

Study on zeolite enhanced contact-adsorption regeneration-stabilization process for nitrogen removal

Utilizing preferential ion exchange of zeolite to ammonium, the conventional contact stabilization activated sludge process (CS) can be upgraded to a new type nitrogen removal process, zeolite enhanced contact-adsorption regeneration-stabilization process (ZCS). For municipal wastewater, the effluent ammonium concentration of the ZCS process was around 6.83 mg/L, indicating that ammonium removal efficiency was enhanced over 27% when the influent ammonium concentration was between 24.7 and 50.5 mg/L in the same hydraulic retention time (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT) conditions as those of the CS process. The results of PCR-DGGE technology showed that the microbial diversity, uniformity and abundance of the ZCS process were all higher than that of the CS process. In addition, anoxic/oxic (A/O) process with the volumetric ratio of oxic tank to anoxic tank being 2:1 was preferred for the regeneration process. The pilot scale ZCS process with the capacity to treat up to 72 m(3)/d of municipal wastewater was also monitored. The test results revealed that ammonium saturated zeolite could be biologically regenerated effectively and in time. The daily zeolite powder addition was limited to the amount that made up the loss due to the sludge excluding. Furthermore, the orthogonal experiments results showed that the most significant effects on nitrogen and ammonium removal were zeolite powder dose and external recycle ratio, respectively.     

膜生物反应器用于城市污水处理与回用的试验研究

采用规模为40m^3／d的膜生物反应器对城市污水处理回用进行了试验研究．试验结果表明：膜生物反应器具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力，活性污泥对污染物的去除起主要作用，膜分离对维持稳定的出水起重要作用．膜生物反应器出水稳定，水质良好，优于生活杂用水水质标准(CJ25．1—89)．     

Anaerobic stabilisation of sludge produced during municipal wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation

Anaerobic digestion of sludge from small electrocoagulation wastewater treatment plant (SEWWTP) is described. The sludge for digestion (SEWWTP sludge) was taken from pilot-scale SEWWTP with the capacity of about 200-population equivalent (25 m3 of municipal wastewater per day). Due to the technology of wastewater treatment, the characteristics of SEWWTP sludge was different from sludge produced in conventional mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, experiments were focused on possibilities of anaerobic sludge digestion and determination of conditions and parameters (amount and quality of the sludge, biogas production, etc.). Average COD removal efficiency in the pilot-scale SEWWTP exceeded 80%. Organic content of excess sludge (volatile suspended solids (VSS)) was in the range of 52.1-59.2% (these values are much lower compared to VSS content in raw sludge from conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant, where VSS is about 75%). Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of SEWWTP sludge was approximately three times lower compared to standard production in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant. Low pH (6.5-6.7), high concentration of iron (up to 1400 mg/L) and aluminium (up to 1300 mg/L) and very low (almost zero) concentration of dissolved phosphorus in sludge water were the main factors limiting the rate of anaerobic processes. Based on these results, anaerobic digestion of SEWWTP sludge was not recommended as an appropriate stabilisation method.     

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of nonionic organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in wastewater samples

A comprehensive method for the determination of nonionic organophosphorus flame retardants/plasticizers in wastewater samples by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is presented. It allows the determination of 11 organophosphorus compounds, trialkyl and trichloralkyl phosphates, triaryl phosphate, and biphosphates together with triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO). Limits of quantification after SPE of 100 mL of water are between 3 and 80 ng/L, which are adequate for most aqueous samples. The sensitivity of the LC-ESI-MS approach allows direct injection of aqueous sample without preceding extraction for concentrations in the low microg/L range. The method was finally applied to municipal wastewater samples, showing the occurrence of six phosphoric acid triesters and TPPO in both raw and treated municipal wastewaters.     

Total concentrations and fractions of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn in sewage sludge from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Heavy metals are one of the important factors that affect the final disposal of sewage sludge. In this paper, the metal mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sewage sludge were studied by using Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure to get more information for the reasonable disposal of sludge. Sewage sludge was collected from five municipal wastewater treatment plants and three industrial wastewater treatment plants. The sludge was examined for and the total concentrations and different chemical fractions of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. The total metal concentrations of heavy metals in sludge varied greatly. The contents of Zn and Cu were the highest, followed by then Cr, Ni and Pb and the content of Cd was the least. There was no significant difference in total metal concentration between municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Fractions extracted by the BCR sequential procedure were acid soluble/exchangeable, reducible and oxidizable fraction. Sludge pH was found to have profound effect on the chemical fractions of heavy metals. Acidic sludges (Xiamen and Jinlin Petrochemical Group Co., wastewater treatment plant) had higher proportion of the acid soluble/exchangeable fractions than in neutral sludge. In neutral sludges, Pb and Cr were principally distributed in between the oxidizable fraction and the residual fraction; Cu was in the oxidizable fraction; Cd mainly in the residual fraction in municipal wastewater treatment plants and had high percentage of acid soluble/exchangeable and reducible fractions in industrial wastewater treatment plants; Ni and Zn had higher percentage in the acid soluble/exchangeable and the oxidizable fraction.     

Determination of benzotriazole corrosion inhibitors from aqueous environmental samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

The first method for the determination of commonly used corrosion inhibitors in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry is presented. Benzotriazole (BTri) and the two isomers of tolyltriazole (5- and 4-TTri) are separated in an isocratic run. By gradient elution, BTri, 4-TTri, 5-TTri, and xylyltriazole can be determined simultaneously with three benzothiazoles, but here TTri isomers coelute. The instrumental detection limit of 2 pg allows the determination of the three most important benzotriazoles from municipal wastewater and most surface waters by direct injection into the HPLC system without previous enrichment. When solid-phase extraction is employed with mean recovery rates of 95-113%, the limit of quantification for benzotriazoles range from 10 ng/L in groundwater to 25 ng/L in untreated wastewater. BTri and TTri were determined in municipal wastewater in microgram per liter concentrations. Elimination in wastewater treatment appears to be poor, and BTri and TTri can be followed through a water cycle from treated municipal wastewater through surface water to bank filtrate used for drinking water production. The TTri isomers show markedly different biodegradation behavior with 4-TTri being more stable.     

Photocatalysis as a potential tertiary treatment of urban wastewater: new photocatalytic materials

Heterogeneous UV-photocatalytic process has been studied as tertiary treatment of real municipal wastewater. Wastewater photocatalytic treatment was carried out using several materials previously developed as photocatalysts: volcanic ashes and nanostructured titania supported over volcanic ashes. Both material activities in particles were compared with Degussa TiO₂ (powder). Photocatalyst amount influence was studied by varying it between 2 and 10 g L^?1. Wastewater decontamination process was evaluated measuring the chemical oxygen demand evolution with phototreatment time in order to choose the best photocatalytic material and its optimal operation concentration. Moreover, the photocatalytic results obtained were compared with those obtained from photolysis and adsorption studies in wastewater using the same operation conditions. In addition, analyses of main wastewater parameters were made in order to evaluate the complete water decontamination process. Possibility of using photocatalysts in particles shows the main advantage of continuous photocatalyst separation from the water effluent once the decontamination process has finished. Good photocatalytic activities were observed, and it allows to conclude that heterogeneous photocatalysis is an effective method for municipal wastewater treatment, achieving water disinfection and phosphates removal.     

膜生物反应器在污水处理与回用中的能耗分析

介绍了膜生物反应器(MBR)低能耗化研究进展,以吨水能耗(kWh/m3)和COD去除能耗(kWh/kgCOD)两种指标分析比较了MBR处理较低浓度城镇和生活污水、较高浓度工业废水及垃圾渗滤液等废水的运行能耗与成本,分析了MBR运行能耗构成和能耗较高的原因,并对MBR节能措施和对策进行了讨论.     

Performance of nano- and nonnano-catalytic electrodes for decontaminating municipal wastewater

This research is intended to decompose organic substances in municipal wastewater with nano- and nonnano-scale electrocatalytic electrodes. As an anode, the nano-scale electrodes included lab-made TiO(2) and Cu(2)O electrodes; the nonnano-scale electrodes were a commercial TiO(2) and graphite plate. According to experimental results, the nano- and nonnano-scale catalytic electrodes can effectively remove the organic pollutants in the municipal wastewater. The perforated TiO(2) electrode is the best for eliminating the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and its efficiency is about 90% (COD decreases from 400 to 40 mg L(-1)). The conductivity of municipal wastewater and the electro-catalytic process will increase the pH and eventually remains in the neutral range. The conductivity of municipal wastewater can be lowered to some degrees. The most attractive discovery of electro-catalytic process is that the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the municipal wastewater can be increased by the TiO(2) electrode (nonnano-scale) around 4-6 mg L(-1), but few DO is produced by the nano-scale electrocatalytic electrode.