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本文报告了在嫩江流域发现的一种新型的天然矿物纳米级材料——嫩江奇才页岩。经过超细加工与改性,不仅展现了它的奇特的功能——纳米级奇才微孔材料,具有很强的吸附性,而且可以配制出橡胶祛味剂、负离子添加剂,应用到油漆、涂料、橡胶、塑料、纤维、纺织品中,能够释放负离子,可以用来制备21世纪环保型健康的新型功能橡塑材料、弹性体,制造天然负离子发生器。 相似文献
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以生物可降解塑料聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)为连续相基体、电气石粉为分散相,用改性剂山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯对电气石粉进行表面有机改性,采用湿法熔融共混法制备了PBAT/电气石粉复合材料,探讨了不同工艺条件下改性电气石粉在PBAT中的分散效果,并对PBAT/电气石粉复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性能和负离子释放量进行了考察。结果表明,添加适量的改性电气石粉可以提高PBAT的力学性能,当改性电气石粉添加量为PBAT质量的3%时,PBAT/改性电气石粉复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均达到最大值,分别为30.9 MPa和844%,差示扫描量热分析表明,改性电气石粉对PBAT起到异相成核的作用,提高了PBAT的结晶峰温度和结晶度,负离子释放量测试表明,PBAT/改性电气石粉复合材料具有优异的负离子释放功能,当改性电气石粉添加量为PBAT质量的7%时,复合材料的负离子释放量达到了460个/cm3。 相似文献
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以硅烷保护羟基的烷基锂为引发剂,采用负离子聚合法合成了端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB),通过核磁共振氢谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱和差示扫描量热法表征了HTPB的微观结构、分子量分布、官能度及玻璃化转变温度(Tg),研究了HTPB胶片的拉伸性能,并与自由基法HTPB进行了对比。结果表明,负离子法HTPB的1,4-结构摩尔分数约为90%,比自由基法HTPB高约12%,分子量分布小于1.1,低于自由基法HTPB,平均官能度比自由基法HTPB更接近理想值2,Tg为-88.3℃,较自由基法HTPB低9.7℃;负离子法HTPB胶片的拉伸强度与自由基法HTPB胶片相近,但扯断伸长率比自由基法HTPB胶片提高约74%。 相似文献
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以利用CO_2生产高附加值化学品为目的,首先提出了利用CO_2气态处理技术、CO_2液态处理技术和等离子技术实现CO_2的转化;随着科学研究的不断发展,又提出了利用电化生物法和非平衡负离子法技术来实现CO_2的资源化利用。CO_2气态处理技术、CO_2液态处理技术和等离子技术实现CO_2转化的过程都需要使用贵金属催化,同时有额外的碳排放,而电化生物法和非平衡负离子法技术实现CO_2的资源化利用过程不仅无额外碳排放又避免了稀有贵金属催化剂的使用,同时得到了高附加值化学品。研究结果表明:电化生物法和非平衡负离子法技术实现了CO_2资源化利用过程的低碳、绿色。 相似文献
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以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为阴离子型乳化剂、辛烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚-10(OP-10)为非离子型乳化剂、烯丙氧基壬基苯氧基丙醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵(SE-10)为可聚合型乳化剂、苯乙烯(St)为硬单体、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为软单体和丙烯酸(AA)为功能单体等,在复合乳化剂OP-10/SDBS、OP-10/SE-10作用下分别制备了纸/塑、塑/塑复膜胶。结果表明:SE-10的乳化效果优于SDBS,前者可有效提高复膜胶的初粘力和剥离强度,并可有效降低乳胶粒的平均粒径;以OP-10/SE-10作为复合乳化剂,当w(AA)=8.3%时,复膜胶的初粘力和剥离强度均达到最大值,并且其热稳定性相对较好。 相似文献
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The effects of nonionic, anionic, and cationic surface-active agents on yield point, plasticity, drying and firing shrinkage, dry and fired density, and rate of drying have been experimentally determined. These and other factors have been correlated on the basis of a comprehensive theory of the plastic properties and drying behavior of clay-water masses. 相似文献
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《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2006,26(15):3091-3098
Pastes of alumina with plastic properties were prepared by direct coagulation casting (DCC) of concentrated suspensions (≥50 vol%). Two polyelectrolytes were used to produce mixed systems of organic and mineral particles. An anionic polymer, bearing both sulfonate and carboxylate functions, was used to disperse efficiently alumina powder in water. A cationic polymer, the chitosan (CT), which complexes with the anionic one was added into the stable suspension to form an organic network dispersed into the ceramic matrix. The sequence of addition of the chitosan in the suspension appears to be a significant parameter in order to optimise the suspension formulation. After in situ coagulation, cylinders were extruded. 相似文献
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探讨外部环境条件对消毒剂百菌灭产品有效成分的影响因素,测定产品在不同条件下有效成分的含量变化,实验结果表明,加入5滴肥皂水、10%血清、自来水稀释、含20%填料包装瓶,百菌灭样品活性降解率分别为51.7%、93.6%、23.86%、60.47%,而对比组其活性降解率分别为0.66%、0.66%、1.32%、48.58%,分析了阴离子化合物、有机物、水质、塑料瓶包装等因素造成百菌灭活性物含量降低的原因,提出优化生产条件和改进贮藏方法。 相似文献
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锌铝水滑石是层状双羟基金属氧化物(LDHs)的一种,是一类阴离子型层状功能材料,由于其特殊的层状结构与物理化学性质,在催化、水污染处理、塑料工艺、电工行业、医药和分离等领域,有着广泛的应用。本文采用共沉淀法制备出系列Zn-Al LDHs,采用X-射线衍射、红外光谱、激光粒度分析等表征手段对样品进行分析和表征。考察了滴定方式、pH值及Zn/Al摩尔比对产物结构和粒度的影响,从而得出制备Zn-Al LDHs的最佳条件。结果表明,采用恒定pH值法,在pH=10、Zn/Al摩尔比为3/1的条件下,制得的Zn-Al LDHs晶型完整且粒度分布较窄。 相似文献
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E. Korngold 《Desalination》1974,14(3):359-367
The behaviour of low permselectivity anionic membranes in pilot plant operation was studied by substituting such membranes for the conventional anionic ones used in electrodialysis. The product flow rate or electrical current is limited in electrodialysis because of scaling and fouling problems associated with the anionic membrane. Higher electrical currents and flow rates were achieved with the new anionic membranes (Neginst-P.E.N. developed in our laboratories) without the associated effects of fouling and scaling. While these anionic membranes require more electrical power per unit of desalinized water than electrodialysis, the additional electrical costs are more than offset by operation at higher current densities. 相似文献
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Anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures are known to exhibit synergistic effects (e.g., low critical micelle concentration, ultralow interfacial tension, middle phase microemulsion formulation, and increased solubilization and adsolubilization). However, the anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures are also prone to form other unique phases such as precipitates, gels, and coacervates in place of middle-phase microemulsions. Research summarized in this article demonstrates that asymmetric anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures have been shown to promote middle-phase microemulsions instead of these other phases, albeit with a slight decrease in synergism when using these asymmetric mixtures. The use of anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures also is shown to enhance or decrease surfactant adsorption depending on anionic–cationic surfactant ratios. Middle-phase microemulsion formation is demonstrated using anionic-rich or cationic-rich alcohol-free microemulsions by anionic–cationic ratio scans while also reducing or eliminating electrolyte requirement. Solubilization and adsolubilization are shown to increase for mixed anionic–cationic surfactant systems, especially for hydrophobic solutes. Thus, by exploiting these synergisms while avoiding phase separation, properly designed anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures can be advantageous for a wide range of applications. 相似文献
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Eid M. S. Azzam 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2001,4(3):293-296
The effect of different alkyl chains of anionic surfactants on properties of binary anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant systems
was studied. These systems included ocytldodecyl-, and cetylsulfoacetates mixed with isooctyl phenol nonyl ethoxylate. The
critical micelle concentration of mixed surfactants shifted to lower values compared to those of the single anionic surfactants.
Effectiveness values increased with decreases in the mole fraction of anionic surfactants. The negative values of interaction
parameter (β) increased with increases in the chain length of anionic surfactants. 相似文献