Sealing Glass of Barium-Calcium-Aluminosilicate System for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Glass-ceramic materials were developed as a sealant in the solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） in the temperature range of 800 -850 ℃. The glass materials were based on the glass and glass-ceramic in the BaO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-La2O3-B2O3 system. The thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） decreased with lower Ba^2＋ content and higher Ca^2＋ content, but the glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature increased greatly with an increase in Ca^2＋ content and a decrease in Ba^2＋ content, when the other components in the sealant were invariable. The TEC of the sealant with Ba^2＋ content of 25.4% was 10.8 × 10^-6 K^- 1（temperature range from 25 to 850℃）, and its softening temperature was 950 ℃. The TEC of the sealant accorded well with that of La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.5Mg0.2o3- 6（LSGM） with a mismatch of only 3%. The sealant had superior stability and compatibility with the LSGM electrolyte during the process of operation in SOFC. The weight loss of the sealant with Ba^2＋ content of 25.4% was approfimately zero after heat-treated at 800℃ for 500 h in H2 and O2 atmosphere, respectively.     

Low Temperature Preparation of Ceria Solid Solutions Doubly Doped with Rare-Earth and Alkali-Earth and Their Properties as Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Solidoxidefuelcells (SOFCs)haveseveraldis tinctadvantages ,e .g .,highenergyconversioneffi ciency ,wideadaptabilitytofuels ,theusageofnon preciousmaterials ,noliquids ,nocorrosions ,modularconstructionandmuchlowerproductionofNOx,SOxandnoise .Therefore ,theyreceiveincreasingatten tion[1,2 ] .AtypicalSOFCwhichutilizesyttria stabi lizedzirconia (YSZ)astheelectrolyterequireshighoperationtemperaturesuchas 10 0 0℃togainhighe noughionicconductivity .Loweringtheoperationtem peratureto 80 0℃wou…     

Status of Research on Application of High Purity Rare Earth Oxides in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a high-efficient and environmentally friendly power generation system.The rare earth oxide materials are used extensively in the manufacturing of SOFC components.In particular, the CeO2doped with Gd2O3 or Sm2O3, lanthanide perovskite oxides are indispensable and key materials for developing the intermediate temperature SOFC.The research and development status of application of high purity rare earth oxides in SOFC was overviewed.The rare earth oxide-based and -doped materials were discussed for the SOFC components.Concerning the rare earth oxides applicable to SOFC, several topics were also pointed out for further researching and developing.     

CeO2基固体电解质材料研究进展

稀土或碱土氧化物掺杂铈基电解质在中低温下具有高的离子电导率,被认为是一种很有前途的电解质材料.本文主要对各种掺杂铈基电解质材料研究及在固体氧化物中的应用进行了综述.对掺杂铈基电解质的制备方法进行简单介绍.     

Study on Preparation and Electrical Properties of Ba1.03 Ce0.2O3-α Solid Electrolyte

Ba1.03Ce0.8Eu0.2O3-α solid electrolyte with nonstoichiometric composition was prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction. Phase composition,surface and fracture morphologies of the specimen were characterized by using XRD and SEM,respectively. Ionic conduction was researched by gas concentration cell,the performance of hydrogen-air fuel cell was measured in the temperature range of 600～1000 ℃,and compared them with those of BaCe0.8Eu0.2O3-α and Ba0.98Ce0.8Eu0.2O3-α. The results indicate that Ba1.03Ce0.8Eu0.2O3-α is a single-phase perovskite-type orthorhombic system. It is a pure proton conductor in the temperature range of 600～1000 ℃ in hydrogen atmosphere,and its proton conduction is superior to that of BaCe0.8Eu0.2O3-α and Ba0.98Ce0.8Eu0.2O3-α. It is a mixed conductor of oxide ion and electron hole in oxygen atmosphere. At 1000 ℃,the performance of the fuel cell in which Ba1.03Ce0.8Eu0.2O3-α as electrolyte is higher than that of BaCe0.8Eu0.2O3-α or Ba0.98Ce0.8Eu0.2O3-α.     

固体氧化物燃料电池的中低温化研究

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT—SOFC)是目前固体氧化物燃料电池研究的热点和发展的趋势。对中低温固体氧化物燃料电池的研究现状进行了综述，重点对降低SOFC操作温度主要途径，如电解质薄膜化、新型高电导率电解质材料和高性能电极的研究等几方面进行了论述。     

Preparation and Characterization of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ Cathode for SOFCs Fabricated Using Azeotropic Distillation Method

Strontium doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) powders were synthesized by three different routes: azeotropic distillation, sol-gel and solid state reaction respectively. The LSM samples, made by azeotropic distillation and sol-gel methods were prepared by firing at 1000 ℃ for 6 h, and the LSM sample, made by solid state reaction method was produced by sintering at 1400 ℃ for 18 h. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEC, SEM, EIS and polarization performance analysis. The results show that all the samples made by different methods have pure orthorhombic LSM phase, however exhibit different micro structure and electrochemical characterization, which relates to the different synthesis methods. The solid state reaction method produces the samples with larger particle size compared with azeotropic distillation and sol-gel methods. The powders made by azeotropic distillation method have less agglomerated particles compared with that made by sol-gel method because the precursor in the former is dispersed in n-butanol before sintering. The polarization current density of powder made by azeotropic distillation method was twice of that made by sol-gel method and four times of that made by solid state reaction method. The values of polarization resistance (Rp) are 0.35 Ω·cm2 for the cathode synthesized by azeotropic distillation route, which is much lower than sol-gel (1.5 Ω·cm2) and solid state reaction (2.3 Ω·cm2) at 800 ℃.     

Preparation and Characterization of Cex Th1-xO2 Solid Solutions Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

Ceriumoxidehasbeenwidelystudiedinrecent yearsbecauseofitsusefulnessindifferentareasof chemistry.Incatalyticfield,forexample,CeO2has beenusedasanimportantcomponentofautomotive three waycatalystsforreducingtheexhaust.The mainroleofceriainthree waycatalystsi…     

氧化铋基固体氧化物燃料电池电解质研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)被誉为21世纪最具有发展潜力的能源技术之一。由于氧化铋基电解质在低较温度下具有较高的氧离子电导率,是用作中低温固体氧化物燃料电池较理想的电解质材料。文章综述了Bi2O3基固体电解质材料的一般性质和掺杂剂及其浓度对材料性能的影响,并对此材料在低氧分压下易还原的性质及抗老化相变的研究情况进行了总结。最后,提出了Bi2O3基电解质的研究方向。     

Characterization and Preparation of Ce-Zr-O Solid Solution

ＣｅｒｉｕｍｏｘｉｄｅｗｉｔｈＣａＦ2 ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｓｃｕｒ ｒｅｎｔｌｙｂｅｉｎｇｕｓｅｄａｓａｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒｉｎｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ .ＴｈｅｃａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｄｏｘｃｏｕｐｌｅＣｅ4 Ｃｅ3 ａｒｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｉｆｏｔｈｅｒｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｉｓｉｎｔｒｏ ｄｕｃｅｄｉｎｔｏＣｅＯ2 ｌａｔｔｉｃｅｂｙｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｓｏｌｉｄｓｏｌｕ ｔｉｏｎ .ＳｅｖｅｒａｌａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｔｏｐｒｅｐａｒｅＣｅＯ2 ＺｒＯ2 ｍｉｘｅｄｏｘｉｄｅ…     

Fabrication and Characterization of Glass-Ceramics Doped with Rare Earth Oxide and Heavy Metal Oxide

Cordierite-based glass-ceramics with non-stoichiometric composition doped with rare earth oxide (REO2) and heavy metal oxide (M2O3) respectively were fabricated from glass powders. After sintering and crystallization heat treatment, various physical properties, including compact density and apparent porosity, were examined to evaluate the sintering behavior of cordierite-based glass-ceramics. Results show that the additives both heavy metal oxide and rare earth oxide promote the sintering and lower the phase temperature from μ- to α-cordierite as well as affect the dielectric properties of sintered glass-ceramics. The complete-densification temperature for samples is as low as 900 ℃. The materials have a low dielectric constant (≈5), a low thermal expansion coefficient ((2.80～3.52)×10-6 ℃-1) and a low dissipation factor (≤0.2%) and can be co-fired with high conductivity metals such as Au, Cu, Ag/Pd paste at low temperature (below 950 ℃), which makes it to be a promising material for low-temperature co-fired ceramic substrates.     

Characterization and Stability of La0.5Sr0.5CoO2.91 Perovskite-Type Oxide

Compositely doped oxide La0.5Sr0.5CoO2.91 （LSC） was synthesized using solid state reaction and citric acid-nitrate low temperature self-propagating combustion methods. The crystal structure and the particle size micrograph of LSC powders synthesized by different methods were investigated with XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that the single perovskite phase of LSC can be synthesized by solid state reaction method, but LaSrCoO4 phase appears in LSC powder synthesized by citric acid-nitrate low temperature self-propagating combustion method. The LSC particle by citric acid-nitrate low temperature self- propagating combustion method has smaller size. To analyze the character of cathode material based on Ceo.gGdo.101.95（GDC） electrolyte, two types of cathode wafers were fabricated with the two kinds of LSC and GDC powders at the mass rate of 6：4, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the sintered samples was measured by four probe DC method from 300 to 800 ℃. The cathode with LSC particle by citric acid- nitrate low temperature self-propagating combustion method has higher electrical conductivity. In order to investigate the stability, the two samples were put into the muffle furnace to heat up in air at 800℃for 800 h. To analysis the reason for reduced electrical conductivity, the crystal structure and the particle micrograph of the cathode wafers before and after an exposure were investigated with XRD and SEM. The result shows that new crystal structure appears in both the two kinds of cathode wafers and crystal micrographs change a lot.     

Preparation and Characterization of Rare Earth Composite Materials Radiating Far Infrared for Activating Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Rare earth composite materials radiating far-infrared rays were prepared according to far infrared absorption spectrum of main component in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transformed infrared spectra(FTIR). The results show that after the composite materials were calcined at 873 K for 4 h, FTIR spectra of rare earth composite materials display two new peaks at 1336 and 2926 cm-1 available for activating LPG.     

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)电解质材料

在固体氧化物燃料电池（ＳＯＦＣ）研究中，中低温ＳＯＦＣ的研究日益受到人们的重视，研究热点主要集中在电解质材料及其薄膜制备，主要包括锆基电解质薄膜（１～２０μｍ），铈基电解质，铋基电解质以及复合氧化物电解质材料的研究，其ＳＯＦＣ操作温度一般在５００～８００℃。其中以各种掺杂铈基电解质研究最多，而且在中低温ＳＯＦＣ应用中已显示出一定的潜在优势。     

Preparation of Well Dispersed and Ultra-Fine Ce （Zr）O2 Mixed Oxide by Mechanochemical Processing

Ultra-fine CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide was successfully synthesized by wet-solid phase mechanochemical processing, Ce2(CO3)3·8H2O, ZrOCl2·xH2O and ammonia were used as reactants. It is found that the crystalline Ce2(CO3)3·8H2O and ZrOCl2·xH2O are changed to amorphous cerium and zirconium hydroxide precursor after milling with ammonia, and Ce0.15Zr0.85O2 mixed oxide with pure tetragonal phase structure and medium particle size(D50)less than 1μm is formed by calcining precursor over 673 K. The XRD patterns indicate that the crystal unite size increases with rising calcining temperature due to crystal growth. However, the particle size and BET surface area of the Ce(Zr)O2 mixed oxide decreases with rising calcining temperature, which may be attributed to the contract of particles and the vanish of holes inside grains.     

Preparation and Characterization of Porous Yttrium Oxide Powders with High Specific Surface Area

Y2O3isoftenusedinthemanufactureofphos phorsandceramics[1～3].However,itisalsousedas selectivecatalysts[1,4,5],suchasforthedehydrationof2alkanols,thedimerizationofmethane,1butene isomerization,hydrogenationof1,3butadieneandac etonealdoladdition,andsupport[6,7]formetalsthat catalyzetheformationofmethanolfromCO2andH2.It iswidelyacceptedthatthecatalysispropertiesofox idesdependstronglyontheirphysicalcharacteristics,especiallyontheirspecificsurfaceareaandporous structure.Agreatdealofattentionhasb…     

Cone-shaped cylindrical Ce_（0.9）Gd_（0.1）O_（1.95） electrolyte prepared by slip casting and its application to solid oxide fuel cells

A cone-shaped gadolinium doped ceria(Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95,GDC) electrolyte cylinder with a thin wall was fabricated using slip cast-ing technique.The diameter of the larger open end of the cone-shaped cylinder was 0.85 cm,the length was 1.0 cm,and the thickness of the wall was 0.026 cm after sintering.Both the electrolyte and electrode powders were fabricated by using a glycine-nitrate process.A single solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) was prepared with the cone-shaped electrolyte,NiO-GDC(70:30 wt.%) anode and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3(SSC) cathode.Its electrochemical performance(I-V curve) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were studied with humidified hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant.The maximum output power density was about 300 ?mW/cm2 at 700 oC.The EIS results showed that the dominant loss of the SOFC was from the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline CeO2 by Precipitation Method

CeO2 nanocrystalline particulates with different sizes were prepared by precipitation method using ethanol as dispersive and protective reagent. XRD spectra show that the synthesized CeO2 has cubic crystalline structure of space group OH^H-FM3M, when calcination temperature is in the range of 250 - 800 ℃. TEM images reveal that CeO2 particles are spherical in shape. The average size of the particles increases with the increase of calcination temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the weight loss of precursor mainly depends on the calcination temperature, and little depends on the calcination time. Measurements of CeO2 relative density show that the relative density of CeO2 nanocrystalline powders increases with increasing CeO2 particle size.     

Fabrication and Characterization of SOFC Anode, Ni-SDC Cermet

NiO and Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 were synthesized by the combination of sol gel and citric acid-nitrate low temperature self-propagating combustion method. Anode precursors which include home-made NiO and Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 were prepared by different NiO content and fabrication condition. The anode precursors with pure hydrogen at 820 ℃ for 2.5 h were reduced, The electrical conductivity was tested, and the effect of microstructure on electrical conductivity of Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 composite anodes was investigated. The results show that the anode electrical conductivity depends strongly on the anode microstructure that is dramatically affected by Ni content and fabrication condition.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Large Surface Area Yttrium Oxide by Precipitation Method

Rareearthoxides(REO)withlargesurfaceareahavehighchemicalreactionactivity ,soitisusedwidelyinthefieldofcatalysis ,SOFC ,advancedce ramicandsoon[1] .Inordertosatisfythedemandofthenewfunctionmaterials ,thepreparationmethodofspecialphysicalpropertyREcompoundneedstobedeveloped .Yttriumoxide ,especiallywithlargesur faceareaisaREOandwidelyusedintheabovefield .Industrially ,yttriumoxideusuallywaspreparedbythermaldecompositionofyttriumoxalateat 80 0～10 0 0℃for 2h .Itssurfaceareaisonly 2～ 4m2 ·…