三螺杆挤出机熔体输送能力的评价

通过三螺杆挤出机模拟机对熔体替代料进行挤出实验,对三角形排列三螺杆挤出机、“一字型”排列三螺杆挤出机及双螺杆挤出机的熔体输送能力进行了系统评价。利用无量纲参数评价体系与传统评价方法,通过控制挤出过程螺杆转速和产量,对三类挤出机的熔体输送段建压能力及挤出能耗水平进行研究,并研究工艺参数对熔体输送能力的影响。实验表明,三角形排列三螺杆挤出机熔体输送能力及能耗水平优于其他类型挤出机,且无量纲参数评价体系具有很高的可靠性和更广泛的适用性,可用于挤出加工设备的选择。     

数值模拟研究螺筒结构对单螺杆挤出机性能的影响

通过数值模拟研究了机筒内壁开螺槽的螺筒结构对单螺杆挤出机性能的影响。采用POLYFLOW软件模拟了硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC-R)熔体在单螺杆螺筒挤出机以及传统单螺杆挤出机中的三维等温流场及混合过程,并对二者的混合挤出性能进行了比较。结果表明:机筒内壁为螺旋沟槽结构的单螺杆螺筒挤出机,其混合性能相对于传统单螺杆挤出机有所提高。     

单螺杆挤出机挤出理论研究进展

论文回顾了单螺杆挤出机挤出理论发展史,并从固体输送、熔融、熔体输送和混合四个方面详细介绍了近十年来挤出理论的最新研究进展。在指出现有不足的同时,提出了单螺杆挤出机未来的研究方向。     

聚合物熔体在圆锥短口模的挤出胀大方程

深入讨论了聚合物熔体在不同长径比、不同角度圆锥短口模的挤出胀大现象及机理，利用生产用挤出机进行不同角度的圆锥短口模实验。结果表明，圆锥短口模挤出过程中，熔体在收敛流道受到拉伸流变，导致强烈的入口弹性效应，表现为熔体在短口模挤出时显著的挤出胀大。理论和实验研究结果进一步表明不同圆锥口模入口角对实验材料表现出有不同的挤出胀大值。     

新型高速挤出机计量段冷却方法研究

在螺杆转速高于300r／min的新型高速挤出机中，为了保证挤出制品质量，除了改进挤出机械的结构，计量段的冷却变得尤为重要。在对高速挤出过程中的计量段进行传热分析的基础上，对不同操作条件下冷卸装置的换热效果进行分析比较，为设定高速挤出过程中的计量段冷却方案找到理论依据，进而更好地控制机筒的表面温度，提高机筒内的熔体混合效果，使物料均匀挤出。     

PET瓶片的稳定挤出扩链

使用两台螺杆头部结构有差异的反应挤出机,在配方和工艺完全相同的条件下研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)瓶片在挤出过程中熔体压力波动和扩链反应情况。结果表明:使用头部设计有改进型直槽混炼件的35型反应螺杆,无论是直接挤出还是混合有扩链剂均苯四甲酸二酐的挤出,挤出过程中的压力波动均比头部为普通螺纹的30型反应螺杆显著降低,而且熔体压力平均值也高;使用35型反应螺杆挤出产物的特性黏数([η])略高于30型反应螺杆挤出的;提高螺杆转速既有利于提高挤出产物的[η],又有利于提高机头处的熔体压力平均值,相当于提高了挤出机产量。使用头部设计有改进型直槽混炼件的反应螺杆非常有利于稳定挤出PET瓶片,成型制品。     

熔体泵：挤出机最好的“朋友”

在挤出机中,熔体泵扮演着不可或缺的角色,不仅可以稳定输送熔体物料、比螺杆更为有效地提供挤出压力,而且可以用作混合装置,改善熔体的质量。     

塑料特种挤出装备研究现状和发展

结合特种挤出技术与装备的研究实践，对国内外特种挤出技术的研究现状和发展趋势进行了述评。重点介绍了最新研制成功的双螺杆挤出机。往复式销钉螺杆挤出机，串联式磨盘螺杆挤出机。微型高速低粘度单螺杆挤出机和熔体齿轮泵挤出机的结构特点和应用领域。并对今后研究方向提出了建议。     

沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机塑化特性的实验研究

采用剖分式机筒单螺杆挤出机实验平台,对熔融段沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机塑化过程中熔融起始点、熔融长度、熔体温度/压力等塑化性能及产量进行了实验研究,比较了不同物料在不同工艺条件下对沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机塑化特性的影响。结果表明,增大螺杆转速或提高机筒温度,塑化过程实际所需熔融长度增加,但对熔融起始点影响不大;熔融段机筒沟槽内熔体温度和熔体压力随螺杆转速增大无明显变化;随螺杆转速增大,沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机挤出产量呈线性增加,表现出良好的挤出特性。     

中国合成树脂及塑料文摘

每期文摘的题目均按汉语拼音顺序排列，英文按其字母顺序排列在汉字之前，数字开头的排在最前面。　　ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ6共混物层状挤出过程的数值分析／李萍（江苏石油化工学院）／中国塑料，1999，13 （5）：44～ 47。对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ6在挤出机中共混并层状挤出的机理进行了数值分析。提出的ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ6／ＨＤＰＥ三层混合模型能处理熔体粘度随剪切速率和温度变化的二元共混物的层流混合，预测熔体的形变。数值计算的结果对合理选择工艺条件、得到合格的层状阻隔制品具有一定的指导意义。ＨＤＰＥ熔体连续挤出自增强的研究（Ⅰ）、机头…     

Mixing in reactive extrusion of low-density polyethylene melts: Linear vs. branched

The melt flows of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and branched low-density polyethylene (LDPE) have been compared in a fully intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The polyethylene melts were selected in order to investigate the effects of the melt rheology on the mixing. Their shear vicosity curves are quite similar, but the LDPE has a markedly higher apparent extensional viscosity over a wide range of stretch rates. The stagger of the paddles in the mixing zone of the extruder creates axial pressure-driven axial flow can have significant extensional strain components. Residence time distributions obtained in the melt zones of the extruder with tracer dye reveal that the LDPE has a narrower residence time distribution than the LLDPE over a wide range of operating conditions. The axial dispersion for the LDPE is significantly lower than the axial dispersion for the LLDPE. This is attributed to the greater extensional viscosity of the LDPE. During the reactive extrusion process, solid maleic anhydride and polyethylene were added at the feed port but the peroxide provides better control of the crosslinking reaction. Residence time distributions measured for the chemically more reactive LLDPE melt indicate reduced levels of axial mixing with reaction. The reduction in mixing is due to a crosslinking reaction that occurs in parallel to the grafting reaction. This change in mixing is smaller than the difference in mixing between LDPE and LLDPE.     

新型带孔销钉混合段及其分布混合性能

介绍了一种国外开发的用于改善单螺杆挤出机混合性能的新型带孔（或带槽）销钉混合段,与常规销钉混合段相比,其混合能力强,熔体温度 低,当销钉间的轴向距离在11－14mm之间时,有效地加强了熔体的周向汉动,极大地改善了单螺杆挤出机的分布混合性能。     

混炼设备结构对PP/GF复合材料中GF残存长度及其力学性能的影响

基于熔融共混法,分别采用双转子连续混炼挤出机和同向啮合双螺杆挤出机制备了20 %玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯（GFRPP）复合材料,并对制备出的GFRPP复合材料中玻璃纤维残存长度及其力学性能进行了相应表征,在此基础上探讨了具有不同混炼特性的混炼设备结构对GFRPP复合材料中玻璃纤维残存长度及其力学性能的影响。结果表明,GFRPP复合材料的力学性能随玻璃纤维残存长度的增加而明显提高;双转子连续混炼挤出机相对于同向啮合双螺杆挤出机更有利于保留长玻璃纤维,同时适当减弱双转子连续混炼挤出机的转子的分散混合能力,降低转子转速,有利于提高玻璃纤维的残存长度,制备出更高性能的GFRPP复合材料。     

圆盘挤出混合机理的研究

结合研究实践，分析了圆盘挤出机的结构特点，即圆盘的单独控制使物料的熔融塑化过程和混合过程实现了独立控制，从而可以将螺杆上的部分功能转移到圆盘上来，通过在圆盘结构上做些努力来提高塑化效果，实现最佳混合；同时，阐述了圆盘的混合机理，并用实验对理论分析进行了验证，在与常规单双螺杆挤出机进行比较的基础上，论证了圆盘挤出机混炼性能方面的优势。     

单螺杆挤出机中非牛顿流体层流混合停留时间表征

基于有限差分数值模拟技术,提出了计算非牛顿流体在单螺杆挤出机内停留时间分布的半解析方法,得到了不同操作参数下的停留时间分布,该分布可用来表征聚合物熔体在加工过程中的混合情况.结果表明：半解析方法能够反映由流体的非牛顿性所导致的耦合流场及压力反流对混合的影响,能更真实地反映聚合物熔体在单螺杆挤出机内的混合程度.     

Numerical Simulation of Extrusion Characteristics for Co-rotating Tri-Screw Extruder

The flow of polyethylene melt in new tri-screw extruder was simulated using the finite element method (FEM). A special study of flow in central region was performed by analysis of the velocity, pressure, and resident time distribution (RTD). The extrusion characteristics of tri-screw extruder, namely the abilities of material conveying, mixing, and power consumption, were compared with those of twin screw extruder. The results showed that there was circumfluence in central region but no stagnation in it. Tri-screw extruder had better operative abilities and high productivity ratio than twin screw extruder in the aspect of material conveying and mixing.     

基于动态成型过程的强化分散混炼方法

介绍了基于动态成型过程强化分散混炼的方法以及实现这些方法的动态混炼挤出机的结构及工作原理。这种低能耗强混炼技术包括在单螺杆上增设差动混炼单元、增加物料沿程反馈螺杆以及采用三螺杆劫态混炼挤出机等。     

Advanced compounding: Extrusion of polypropylene nanocomposites using the melt pump

A melt pump was assembled into the compounding line to ensure both sufficient time for diffusion process of polymer chains into the silicate gallery and sufficient mechanical shear energy for exfoliation of clay layers. The melt pump in front of the open co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder controls the throughput rate and the residence time, whereas the screw speed and screw geometry in the extruder determine the mechanical shear energy applied on the compound. Due to melt pump employment, the melt in metering zone can be accumulated, which results in higher mixing efficiency. It was found that using the melt pump leads to up to two times higher residence time and, consequently, higher level of material reinforcement as investigated by extensional rheology. Different melt pump adjustments, screw geometries, and screw speeds were tested and their effect on processing characteristics and material reinforcement was investigated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

新型偏心三螺杆挤出机流体混合特性分析

在传统的三螺杆挤出机的基础上,设计了一种新型偏心三螺杆挤出机。该三螺杆挤出机中具有螺杆几何结构偏心、螺槽构型呈梯度变化特殊以及较高的面积利用系数等特征。利用有限元法对聚丙烯（PP）熔体在新型偏心三螺杆挤出机中流动和混合规律进行三维数值模拟,给出偏心三螺杆挤出机中压力和速度分布规律,计算了3种偏心螺杆挤出流场的停留时间分布、分布指数、分离尺度、最大剪切应力等混合表征参数。结果表明,螺杆偏心距不仅决定了螺杆端面形状,也改变了螺槽梯度的变化程度。随着螺槽梯度的逐渐减小,挤出机内粒子团聚效应逐渐降低、物料剪切作用逐渐增强。在3种新型偏心三螺杆挤出机中,偏心距e=3 mm的新型偏心螺杆挤出机的混合性能相对较好。     

The effect of a new type of pin mixing section on the performance of a single-screw extruder

The effect of a holed-pin mixing section on the performance of a single screw extruder was investigated and compared with a free flight and a normal pin mixing section, using a practical single-screw extruder. The effect of axial distance between two pins in a holed-pin mixing section on performance was also studied. Mixing ability was quantified using the statistical approach of carbon black concentration distribution in the extruded film mixed with a carbon black masterbatch. The results indicate that a free flight gives the lowest melt temperature rise, pressure drop, and driver power, but the worst mixing; a holed-pin mixing section has better mixing ability, lower melt temperature rise, and lower driver power than a normal pin mixing section does; the value of the pressure drop of the two types of pin mixing sections is approximately identical. A longer axial distance between the two pins in a holed-pin mixing section gives better mixing and lower melt temperature rise than a shorter one; however, when the distance is longer than a critical value, the improvement of mixing is not so outstanding; for different axial distances between two pins, no great change in pressure drop was found and the extrusion throughput has almost no great relation to the axial distance.