Use of the petrographic model for coke quality prediction at the cherepovets iron-and-steel mill

The petrographic model for the assessment of quality characteristics according to the IGI procedure for coke produced by laminar coking of coal blends suggests the determination of the maceral composition and obtaining a vitrinite reflectance histogram for each component of the charge. From these data, the coking index of the charge and its leaning index are determined, which allow for predictive evaluation of the mechanical strength of coke with the use of the IGI classification diagram. This approach is successfully used at the Cherepovets iron-and-steel mill (CherMK) after the adjustment of the IGI procedure to the conditions of this plant.     

焦炭热态性质预测模型的研究

采用干燥无灰基挥发分（Vdef、粘结指数（G）、灰分（A）、炭化室高度与宽度（LB）为自变量。对焦炉实际生产数据进行回归分析,结果表明,回归效果良好。在焦炭质量预测模型公式中增加焦炉炉型特征参数LB,建立的预测焦炭热态性质V—G-A—LB模型与常规V—G—A模型相比,预测准确度高,更具有合理性和实际应用价值。     

Fuzzy logic model for the prediction of cement compressive strength

A fuzzy logic prediction model for the 28-day compressive strength of cement mortar under standard curing conditions was created. Data collected from a cement plant were used in the model construction and testing. The input variables of alkali, Blaine, SO₃, and C₃S and the output variable of 28-day cement strength were fuzzified by the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs), and triangular membership functions were employed for the fuzzy subsets. The Mamdani fuzzy rules relating the input variables to the output variable were created by the ANN model and were laid out in the If-Then format. Product (prod) inference operator and the centre of gravity (COG; centroid) defuzzification methods were employed. The prediction of 50 sets of the 28-day cement strength data by the developed fuzzy model was quite satisfactory. The average percentage error levels in the fuzzy model were successfully low (2.69%). The model was compared with the ANN model for its error levels and ease of application. The results indicated that through the application of fuzzy logic algorithm, a more user friendly and more explicit model than the ANNs could be produced within successfully low error margins.     

针状焦强度测试方法研究

采用特制的测量工具和测量方法对针状焦的抗压碎强度进行测试,通过大量的试验数据确定测试过程中所使用的关键测试参数(试样的粒度和测试过程中使用测试压力),对影响测试结果的次要因素(试样的用量和压力维持时间)进行试验分析.将制订的测试方法的测试结果与生产实践进行了对比,完全符合大生产的实际情况.最后,阐述了近几年对测试结果的运用情况.     

Assessing coke strength

Available methods of assessing the characteristics of coke—in particular, its strength—are reviewed. Their relative advantages and disadvantages are considered. A method of direct determination of coke strength is proposed, including a method of assessing the crack resistance in which the porosity and also the shape and size of the sample are taken into account.     

Simulation of the strength of metallurgical coke

An algorithm is given for the optimization of the strength characteristics of metallurgical coke with the variation of charge mixture composition. Various versions of the computer simulation of the strength of coke are analyzed with the use of a particular example.     

焦炭质量预测方法的应用

以太原煤炭气化(集团)有限责任公司的工业焦炉数据为基础,建立了该公司的焦炭质量预测模型。利用单种煤和配合煤的各种性质指标预测焦炭质量,并指导配煤,以获得稳定的焦炭质量。     

Predicting the yield of coke and its byproducts on the basis of elementary and petrographic analysis

It is established that the yield of coke and its primary byproducts may be predicted on the basis of elementary and petrographic analysis of the coal (batch) employed. The contribution of individual groups of petrographic components in the coal to the yield of coke and its primary byproducts is determined; coal from the Ukraine, Russia, and the United States is considered. The method developed for predicting the yield of coke and its primary byproducts on the basis of petrographic data is tested at PAO Alchevskkoks and ChAO Makeevkoks.     

加强焦炉生产管理 提高焦炭机械强度

炼焦生产工艺管理如加热制度、装平煤操作会影响焦炭的机械强度,只有通过不断加强炼焦的生产管理才能提高焦炭质量。     

Petrographic aspects of the hot strength of coke

The strength CSR of metallurgical coke after high-temperature reaction with CO₂ is determined by the depth of reaction and depends on the petrographic composition of the initial coal, the degree of metamorphic development, and the content of catalytically active ash components. Qualitative aspects of coke’s hot strength are reflected in the mathematical model, whose parameters include the vitrinite content Vt in the batch, the inertinite content I, the reflective index R _o,r of vitrinite, and the basicity index of the ash.     

Determining the strength of coke under crushing forces

Despite the many characteristics of coal relating to its use as blast-furnace fuel, few characteristics have been proposed to predict the productivity of the furnace and its coke consumption. Drum tests of coke permit ample assessment of its ability to withstand mechanical loads (in particular, abrasive and impact forces). At the same time, models of coke failure in the blast furnace indicate that the crushing forces on the coke play an important role. Thanks to those forces, the mean piece size of the coke declines as it falls though the furnace. The method used to determine the coke’s ability to withstand abrasive and impact forces has been codified in GOST State Standards (in terms of the strength indices M ₂₅, M ₄₀, and M ₁₀). However, there is no standard method for assessing the ability of the coke to withstand crushing forces. To address that deficiency, a compact system for determination of the coke’s ability to withstand crushing forces is proposed: it consists of a press for the creation of compressive forces; a matrix with a punch in which the coke sample may be placed; and an instrument for measuring the compressive force (the crushing force). Values of the compressive strength determined using the new system are presented for various coke samples.     

Increasing the strength of metallurgical coke by adding modified petroleum coke to the coking batch

Box-coking data show the possibility of increasing the yield and strength of metallurgical coke by introducing a coking additive in the batch. Specifically, this additive is a product of slow coking of heavy petroleum residues, characterized by excellent thermoplastic properties: clinkering properties and plastic temperature range. A Russian patent has been obtained for the coking additive.     

焦炭强度指标间关系探讨

焦炭的冷态强度测定周期较短?成本低廉,而热态性能测定周期相对较长?成本昂贵。因此,利用焦炭冷态强度预测热态性能,不但对指导焦化生产具有一定的意义,而且利用各强度指标间的关系可以检验实际测量数据是否存在异常值。     

Post-reaction strength of coke under various conditions

The post-reaction strength of coke was studied at different reaction temperatures in CO₂ and mixed gas atmospheres. The influence of solution loss conditions on post-reaction strength of coke, with different levels of reactivity, was studied in this paper.     

Increasing the strength of briquets produced from coke fines

The production of strong briquets from coke fines and coal is described. The following briquetting conditions are recommended: 1: 1 mixture of coke fines and coal; crushing of components to 1 mm or less; 8% binder; roasting of briquets at 600–900°C.     

焦炭质量的多参数预测与调控

开展配煤炼焦试验研究,在原传统经验型配煤调控质量指标体系的基础上,增加新的指标参数。预测调控焦炭质量。介绍了多参数预测调控在实际应用中所发挥的作用,通过增加新指标,保障了焦炭强度的稳定．满足了炼铁高炉不同阶段和状态下对焦炭质量的要求。     

黏结剂对长焰煤制备民用洁净焦炭强度的影响

在我国广大农村地区,居民仍使用劣质散烧原煤,严重破坏了大气环境。提供优质的煤基洁净燃料是从源头上解决劣质煤散烧所带来环境问题的重要手段之一。但由于传统民用炉具为层燃式,对所用燃料具有强度和块度的要求。因此,如何保证燃料的成型与强度是一个关键问题。基于此,本文以长焰煤为原料,与复合助剂先经冷压成型,再通过热解制备得到洁净焦炭。同时,系统地研究了复合黏结剂添加量、热解温度等对洁净焦炭强度的影响。结果表明：加入1%聚乙烯醇（PVA）、30%洗油渣（WOR）,在800℃下可得到抗碎强度为94.7%的洁净焦炭,可满足相应的强度要求。复合添加剂中的PVA为冷态黏结剂,其遇水会在煤粒间形成高黏性网状胶体,促使煤颗粒之间黏结,保证其冷态强度。而WOR为热态黏结剂,其在高温热解过程将转化为高黏结性的类胶质体,将原本松散的、无黏结性的惰性颗粒黏结,最终形成高强度的民用洁净焦炭。该研究对高强度民用洁净焦炭的制备提供理论指导。     

Influence of the quality of clinkering coal on coke strength

The dependence of the postreactive strength (CSR) and reactivity (CRI) of coke on the quality of the clinkering coals in the batch is considered. Optimal batch quality ensures maximum CSR.