基于CNN的金属疲劳裂纹超声红外热像检测与识别方法研究

传统超声红外热像检测与识别金属疲劳裂纹主要是通过图像处理算法提取红外热图像的相关热特征,并与裂纹特征进行匹配,其过程过于繁琐,识别率较低且需要人工筛选有效特征。结合主动红外热成像技术以及卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）在金属结构无损检测与缺陷自动识别中的优势,提出了一种基于CNN的金属疲劳裂纹超声红外热像检测与识别方法。通过超声红外热成像装置对实验对象（文中为金属平板试件）进行检测,获取红外热图像并制作图像数据集。运用设计的卷积神经网络对不同尺寸裂纹的超声红外热图像进行特征提取与识别分类。此外,对所提出的方法与两种常见图像分类网络模型以及支持向量机的分类结果进行对比。实验结果表明,设计的卷积神经网络在该数据集上识别分类准确率为100%,优于其他网络模型和支持向量机的识别分类,可以有效检测与识别金属疲劳裂纹。     

超声红外热像检测中疲劳裂纹的检出概率模型研究

超声红外热像检测技术的可靠性研究具有重要意义,特定检测条件下不同缺陷的检出概率是衡量检测可靠性的根本方法。文中制作了一系列含疲劳裂纹的45钢试件,实验结果表明:当检测条件确定时,裂纹区域响应热信号随着裂纹尺寸的增大而增强,响应热信号的对数与裂纹尺寸大体上呈线性关系。基于超声红外热像检测数据的统计特征,确定了回归分析模型中变量的形式,采用极大似然估计和Wald法分别给出了检出概率曲线的参数及其置信区间。研究成果能够为评价超声红外热像技术中检测可靠性提供量化依据。     

基于卷积神经网络的超声红外热图像分类

在超声红外热像技术应用中,从红外热图像来判断被测对象是否含有裂纹,通常需要先基于人工经验,从红外热图像中提取特征再采用某种模式识别方法进行分类,裂纹的识别与定位过程繁琐且识别率较低.为此,提出一种基于卷积神经网络技术的超声红外热图像裂纹检测与识别方法,其特点是可以直接从超声红外图像中学习特征进而实现是否含有裂纹红外热图...     

起重机械金属结构缺陷的热成像技术研究

对起重机械金属结构裂纹缺陷的识别是红外热成像检测技术的新方向。介绍了脉冲红外热成像技术检测原理,设计了脉冲红外热成像检测系统,并根据脉冲红外热成像检测系统搭建了脉冲红外热成像检测系统实验平台。采用中值滤波和巴特沃斯低通滤波对实验中采集到的红外图像进行图像处理,并针对以上算法处理后缺陷轮廓边缘模糊的问题,提出了巴特沃斯带通滤波算法。对图像进行阈值分割、边缘检测后提取出缺陷轮廓特征,根据平板试件的实际尺寸和轮廓特征图像像素之间的换算关系,最终得到裂纹缺陷的识别精度。经过对比验证,脉冲红外热成像技术可以满足对起重机械金属结构裂纹缺陷检测的检测需求。     

起重机械金属结构缺陷的热成像技术研究

对起重机械金属结构裂纹缺陷的识别是红外热成像检测技术的新方向。介绍了脉冲红外热成像技术检测原理,设计了脉冲红外热成像检测系统,并根据脉冲红外热成像检测系统搭建了脉冲红外热成像检测系统实验平台。采用中值滤波和巴特沃斯低通滤波对实验中采集到的红外图像进行图像处理,并针对以上算法处理后缺陷轮廓边缘模糊的问题,提出了巴特沃斯带通滤波算法。对图像进行阈值分割、边缘检测后提取出缺陷轮廓特征,根据平板试件的实际尺寸和轮廓特征图像像素之间的换算关系,最终得到裂纹缺陷的识别精度。经过对比验证,脉冲红外热成像技术可以满足对起重机械金属结构裂纹缺陷检测的检测需求。     

基于聚类分析和骨架提取的含裂纹超声红外热像增强方法研究北大核心CSCD

超声红外热图像因噪声干扰及缺陷位置的热扩散,导致其存在对比度差、清晰度低、边缘模糊等问题。为了增强红外图像视觉效果,提高缺陷检测能力,提出了一种基于聚类分析和缺陷骨架的超声红外图像增强方法。采用基于kmeans的DBSCAN聚类算法对裂纹发热区域进行识别聚类,将图像分解为缺陷生热区域与非缺陷区域;然后,对缺陷区域进行骨架描述,并沿裂纹骨架走向采用改进的部分子块重叠直方图均衡算法对缺陷图像进行增强。提出的超声红外图像增强方法与常用的直方均衡化、限制对比度自适应直方图均衡化、自适应同态滤波三种方法进行对比,结果表明所提的增强方法可以得到对比度更显著的图像,具有明显的优势。提出的方法为增强超声红外图像视觉效果、提升裂纹诊断能力提供了一种有效方法。     

超声红外锁相热像中金属疲劳裂纹的生热特性

超声红外锁相热像技术是一种将调制激励和锁相技术应用于红外热像检测的新型无损检测技术。针对缺陷生热及传热研究中存在的摩擦生热过程难以有效模拟、缺陷内部生热机理不清等理论问题,采用电-力类比方法,建立了含疲劳裂纹金属平板与超声激励系统的有限元模型,研究了调制超声激励下裂纹区域和裂纹面的生热特点,结果表明:在调制超声激励下,裂纹区域生热呈现出周期性上升的特点,因预紧力的作用,靠近激励同侧的裂纹面区域生热更明显。基于仿真分析和Green函数,建立了裂纹摩擦生热的传热理论模型,进一步探究了裂纹区域温度分布规律;最后利用被测平板上下表面温度比值（P值）对热源深度进行了估计,证明了仿真结果与理论计算的一致性。研究成果将进一步丰富超声红外锁相热像技术的理论基础。     

基于超声红外热像技术的装甲装备缺陷检测系统的设计与实现

针对装甲装备典型结构件缺陷检测效率低下等问题,设计开发了基于超声红外热像技术的装甲装备缺陷检测系统,在充分考虑便携性、精确性、扩展性基础上实现了激励控制、图像采集、图像处理、数据管理等功能。首先简要介绍了超声红外热像技术的基本原理和特点;然后着重阐述了该系统软硬件设计与开发的基本思想及该系统应用于装甲装备缺陷检测一般流程;最后以装甲板底板裂纹检测为例,验证了该系统在装甲装备缺陷检测中的适用性。     

主动红外热像技术在航空发动机叶片缺陷检测中的研究和应用进展

叶片长期工作在高温、高压、高速的恶劣工况下,极易出现损伤,及时发现并监控服役过程中叶片损伤对保证飞行安全至关重要。主动红外热成像技术是一种新型无损检测方法,具有无接触、高效率、无污染等优点,对材料近表面裂纹和涂层缺陷具有良好的效果。本文统计归纳航空发动机叶片典型缺陷类型和成因,对比主动红外热像技术的代表性激励方式;针对主动红外热像技术在叶片疲劳裂纹和表面涂层缺陷检测中的应用进行了分析,介绍机器学习和图像识别等智能算法在缺陷识别和定量评估方面的应用;总结归纳了主动红外热像技术面临的难题和未来的发展方向。总体而言,该技术在航空发动机叶片缺陷检测领域具有良好的应用前景。     

超声红外热像检测条件的优化方法研究

在超声红外热像检测中,激励强度、激励时间和工具杆与被测对象之间的预紧力等检测条件是影响缺陷热信号的重要因素。实验和仿真分析表明:激励时间和激励强度的增加将使裂纹生热增强,而预紧力的增加却使得裂纹生热呈现先增强后减弱的趋势,且检测条件对裂纹生热存在交互影响;另外,不恰当的检测条件将导致超声激励系统报警。基于检测条件对裂纹热信号和报警数据的影响分析,文中提出了采用多元非线性回归模型和Logistic回归模型以估算特定检测条件下裂纹检出概率和检测报警概率,最终确定了检测条件的选择范围。上述检测条件的优化方法能够为超声红外热像检测技术中检测方案的制定提供理论指导。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.