气相色谱法测定地表水中的松节油

建立了气相色谱测定地表水中松节油的方法。采用环己烷萃取水中的松节油，萃取液直接进样进行气相色谱分析。结果表明，松节油质量浓度在0．50～50．00mg／L时线性良好，检出限为0．002mg／L，相对标准偏差为0．83％，加标回收率为88％～90％，适用于地表水中松节油的检测。     

甲醇为碳源时生物滤池去除二级出水中氮、磷的研究

以甲醇为碳源，进行了生物滤池去除二级处理出水中氮、磷的试验研究。结果表明，随着甲醇投量的增大则生物滤池出水中的总氮浓度降低，但对总磷的去除率呈下降趋势。当甲醇投量为10mg／L时，生物滤池出水中的总氮〈6．60mg／L，对总氮的去除率〉37％，对总磷的去除率〉43％；当甲醇投量为20mg／L时，生物滤池出水中的总氮〈1．20mg／L，对总氮的去除率〉88％，对总磷的去除率〉9％；当甲醇投量为30mg／L时，生物滤池出水中的总氮〈1．20mg／L，对总氮的去除率〉88％，对总磷的去除率〉6％。当滤速在3～8．5m／h间变化时，陶粒滤池的脱氮除磷效果基本不受影响；砂滤池的脱氮除磷效果稍优于陶粒滤池。     

气相色谱-ECD法测定生活饮用水中环氧氯丙烷

用吹扫捕集仪对生活饮用水中环氧氯丙烷进行提取和浓缩,DB－5气相色谱柱进行组分分离,电子捕获检测器进行检测。当水中环氧氯丙烷质量浓度为0．1～0．7μg／L时,标准工作曲线的相关系数为0．99621,测定下限为0．1μg/L,回收率为83．8％～118％,相对标准偏差为3．0％～14％。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中七氯

摘要：建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中七氯的方法。结果表明,该方法对七氯的最低检出限为0．054μg/L,线性范围为0．2～10．0mg／L,加标回收率为91％～96％,相对标准偏差小于2．0％。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,准确度好,重现性好,适合饮用水中七氯的检测。     

固相萃取－气相色谱法测定土臭素和2－甲基异冰片

研究了固相萃取－气相色谱法（GC／FID）测定饮用水中微量的土臭素和2－甲基异冰片（2－MIB）的试验条件。结果表明，用SPEC18固相萃取小柱处理250mL水样，用甲醇洗脱并定容至1mL，取1μL进样至气相色谱仪，土臭素最低检出质量浓度为0．05μg/L，2-甲基异冰片最低检出质量浓度为0．10μg/L。     

气相色谱法测定水中阿特拉津和甲萘威

本文建立了气相色谱法同时检测水中阿特拉津和甲萘威，方法用乙酸乙酯进行萃取，浓缩后用丙酮定容进行气相色谱分析。结果表明水中阿特拉津和甲萘威的检出限分别为0．0001mg／L和0．001mg／L，加标回收率分别为98％～107％和91％～106％，相对标准偏差分别为2．3％～3．8％和2．8％～4．7％。该方法具有安全、快速、灵敏等特点，可用于水中阿特拉津和甲萘威的痕量检测。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定聚丙烯酰胺中残留丙烯酰胺

本文建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定水处理剂聚丙烯酰胺中残留丙烯酰胺的方法。丙烯酰胺经甲醇-水从样品中提取,经KB—WAX（30．0m×250μm×0．25μm）毛细管气相色谱分离,FID检测器测定含量,在0—80mg／L浓度范围内相对标准偏差为4．;5％-6．0％,加标回收率在92％-108％之间.     

吹扫捕集/GC/MS/SIM法测定环氧氯丙烷

采用吹扫捕集前处理技术、GC／MS法对水中的痕量环氧氯丙烷进行定性定量分析。结果显示,在0．2～10．0μg/L范围内线性良好（r〉0．995）,测定浓度为0．4、1．0μg/L时,相对标准偏差分别为9．21％、3．94％,加标回收率分别为106．1％、100．8％,方法检测限为0．12μg/L,可用于饮用水中痕量环氧氯丙烷的测定。     

气相色谱法测定水中CHCl3、CCl4 影响因素

为了准确的测定水中污染物ＣＨＣｌ３ 和ＣＣｌ４ 浓度,采用顶空气相色谱法检测水中ＣＨＣｌ３ 和ＣＣｌ４,讨论了实验环境、实验用水、采样容器等影响因素,达到准确测定的目的。测定ＣＨＣｌ３ 浓度在１．００～１０．００μｇ／Ｌ、ＣＣｌ４ 浓度在０．５０～５．００μｇ／Ｌ 范围内线性良好,测定样品中ＣＨＣｌ３ 含量的相对标准偏差为０．４４％～３．８７％,ＣＣｌ４ 测定的相对标准偏差为０．９４％～３．７９％。     

固相萃取-气相色谱／质谱法测定地表水中硝基苯类化合物

建立了固相萃取－气相色影质谱法同时测定水中10种硝基苯类化合物的方法。结果表明,目标物在12min内可全部检出,且分离效果较好;在0～800μg／L内,各组分标准曲线的线性相关系数均在0．998以上;检出限为0．001～0．010μg／L,相对标准偏差在1．2％～5．3％,加标回收率〉83％。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,适合地表水中多种硝基苯类化合物的检测。     

盐析分相微萃取/液相色谱法测定水中氨基甲酸酯农药

采用盐析分相微萃取/高效液相色谱法同时测定水中三种氨基甲酸酯农药。Dia-monsil C18(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm)色谱柱,甲醇/水(体积比为53∶47)流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为220 nm。最佳萃取条件:18.0 mL水样,300μL异丁醇作萃取剂,(NH4)2SO4加入量为14.0 g。速灭威、呋喃丹和西维因分别在(0.49～98.0)、(0.41～82.0)、(0.032～6.45)mg/L范围内呈现良好线性,方法检出限分别为5.7、4.8和0.4μg/L,加标回收率为78.61%～89.81%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%。     

CASS处理低碳氮比生活污水试验研究

采用CASS工艺对低碳氮比生活污水进行处理研究,试验结果表明：通过外加甲醇将碳氮比调整到5∶1,排水比50%,混合液回流比100%的情况下,最佳运行工况为充水曝气6 h,沉淀1 h,滗水0.5 h,静置0.5 h,在进水COD为210 mg/L-375 mg/L,TN为52 mg/L-62 mg/L,TP为1.9 mg/L-2.9 mg/L,SS为100 mg/L-202 mg/L的情况下,出水COD为5 mg/L-50 mg/L,TN为10 mg/L-21 mg/L,TP为0.5 mg/L-1.2 mg/L,SS为6 mg/L-19 mg/L,出水各项指标稳定且达到排放标准。     

固相萃取/气相色谱/质谱法测定饮用水中毒死蜱

建立了检测饮用水中毒死蜱的固相萃取/气相色谱/质谱法,该方法对毒死蜱的测定下限可达0.000 6 mg/L,远低于国标法的0.002 mg/L。线性范围为0.5～5.0 mg/L,样品平均加标回收率在74.86%～86.14%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差<5.4%。该方法简单、灵敏度高、准确、重现性好,可用于饮用水中痕量毒死蜱的测定。     

微波消解/流动注射光度法在线测定水中的总氮

利用微波在线消解水样，将流动注射分析技术与分光光度法相结合，建立了一种在线测定水中总氮的快速分析方法。在优化试验条件下，该方法对TN的检出限为0．04mg／L，对总氮含量为0．491mg／L的标准样品测定11次的相对标准偏差为1．2％。采用该方法测定河水、生活污水、工业废水水样中的TN含量，其相对标准偏差≤1％，加标回收率为97％～101％，结果令人满意。     

前置反硝化生物滤池的启动研究

以污水处理厂的二级出水为进水,对回流比为50%的前置反硝化生物滤池采用自然挂膜法以设计流速进行挂膜启动,考察了启动期间各指标的变化规律及成功挂膜所需的时间。研究发现,当回流比为50%、采用自然挂膜法以设计流速运行时,曝气生物滤池(BAF)需35 d能成功挂膜,反硝化生物滤池在投加甲醇后经过7 d可挂膜成功。两级生物滤池启动的关键是曝气生物滤池能否成功挂膜。启动成功后,污水厂的二级出水经反硝化生物滤池/BAF工艺处理后出水总氮能够稳定在5 mg/L以下,TOC在12 mg/L以下,COD在35 mg/L左右。     

Determination of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid in drinking water by acidic methanol esterification and headspace gas chromatography

A simple and rapid headspace method for gas chromatographic determination of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) in drinking water was developed. Acidic methanol esterification followed by a headspace technique using a capillary column gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD) was applied to determine the levels of DCAA and TCAA in drinking water. The major advantages of this method are the use of acidic methanol as the derivatization agent instead of the hazardous diazomethane, and esterification is carried out in water instead of organic solvent. DCAA and TCAA methyl esters produced in the reaction were determined directly by a headspace GC/ECD method. The linear correlation coefficients at concentrations ranging from 0 to 60 microg/L were 0.992 and 0.996 for DCAA and TCAA, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD, %) for the determination of DCAA and TCAA in drinking water were 15 and 21.3%, respectively (n=3). The detection limits of this method were 3 and 0.5 microg/L for DCAA and TCAA, respectively, and the recovery was 68-103.2% for DCAA and TCAA.     

盐析分相微萃取/液相色谱测定痕量酚类化合物

采用盐析分相微萃取样品处理方法富集水中α-萘酚、β-萘酚和双酚A,并用反相高效液相色谱法进行测定。色谱条件:Diamonsil C18(5μm,150 mm×4.6 mm)柱,柱温为室温,流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)=57∶43,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为230 nm。最佳萃取条件:18 mL水样,250μL正丁醇作萃取剂,调pH=4,加入14 g(NH4)2SO4。α-萘酚、β-萘酚和双酚A分别在(0.061 5～12.30)、(0.033 5～6.700)、(0.267 5～53.50)mg/L范围内线性良好,加标回收率为70.01%～81.81%,方法检出限为0.3～2.0μg/L。     

高压消解/流动注射光度法同时测定水中总氮与总磷

采用流动注射分析仪测定水中的总氮与总磷,结果显示,总氮在0.00～10.0 mg/L、总磷在0.00～1.00 mg/L的范围内,均可以获得良好的线性方程,相对误差<5%,相对标准差为1%～3%,方法的最低检出限分别为2.27μg/L和2.11μg/L,低于国标方法检出限,总氮的回收率为97.2%～108%,总磷的回收率为100%～106%,该方法适用于同时自动检测水中总氮与总磷的含量.     

Column experiments for microbiological treatment of acid mine drainage: low-temperature, low-pH and matrix investigations

The lifetime of traditional sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) bioreactors that utilize a source of reducing equivalents contained within the matrix (e.g. manure) is limited by the amount of readily available reducing equivalents within that matrix. In order to extend bioreactor lifetime indefinitely, the addition of known concentrations of alternative reducing equivalents (methanol and ethanol) to a depleted matrix was tested at low pH and low temperatures. Following acclimation, up to 100% efficiencies of reducing equivalents were directed toward sulfate reduction. Alcohol was added in stoichiometric concentrations to remove 50% of the added sulfate (900 mg/L), producing sufficient sulfide to precipitate all of the iron from solution. An average of 42% of the sulfate was removed following acclimation, reflecting 84% efficiency. An average of 93% of the iron was removed (93 mg/L). Bacteria acclimated to ethanol more rapidly than methanol, although both alcohols were effective as carbon sources. Efficient treatment was observed at the lowest temperatures (6 degrees C) and lowest pHs (pH=2.5) tested. The use of ethanol-fed, highly permeable bioreactor matrices of wood chip, pulverized plastic and rock was also examined to determine which of these porous matrices could be implemented in a field bioreactor. Results indicated that >95% of the 100mg/L iron added was removed by all matrices. Sufficient reducing equivalents were added to remove 450 mg/L of sulfate, wood and rock matrices removed approximately 350 mg/L plastic removed approximately 225 mg/L. A study comparing rock size indicated that small rocks removed iron and sulfate more efficiently than medium- and large-size rocks. The results suggest that wood and rock in conjunction with ethanol are viable alternatives to traditional bioreactor matrices. These findings have direct application to semi-passive sustained operation of SRB bioreactors for treatment of acidic drainage at remote sites.