GPS软件接收机载波跟踪环路鲁棒滤波算法

在全球定位系统(GPS)软件接收机中,环路滤波器对噪声抖动的抑制作用,是用户精确连续跟踪卫星信号的重要保证.本文用噪声未知但有界的假设,代替了传统方法中噪声统计特性已知的苛刻要求,应用半定规划方法将滤波问题转化为凸优化问题,提出了载波跟踪环路鲁棒滤波算法,获得了包含多普勒频移的置信椭球,解决了复杂多变环境下GPS软件接收机的滤波跟踪问题.应用模拟载波信号和实际卫星信号对该算法进行验证,结果表明该方法能够连续有效跟踪GPS卫星信号,为GPS软件接收机设计环路滤波器提供了新的思路.     

高动态环境下载波信号的快速捕获方法探讨

我国北斗二代卫星导航系统采用三类异质卫星组成的混合星座导航系统,高动态绘给载波信号带来较高的多普勒频移,造成载波跟踪环失锁,影响载波的同步,提高载波快速捕获能力极为重要。本文基于北斗二代卫星导航系统,研究了高动态环境下载波信号的快速捕获方法。     

多普勒频率补偿算法在GPS信号捕获中的应用

在GPS卫星高速运动和地面GPS接收机的移动中,由于卫星和接收机之间的径向速度引起了载波多普勒频移、C/A码的多普勒频移和数据码的多普勒频移,多普勒频移会对GPS接收机的信号捕获产生影响,使其准确度下降。针对上述情况,在常用的相干积分结合非相干积分的GPS信号捕获方案中引入一种多普勒频率补偿算法,并对此算法进行相应的仿真。结果表明该设计方案是可行的,引入的补偿算法能够有效消除多普勒频移对GPS信号捕获的影响,能够实现对GPS卫星信号的多普勒和码相的准确捕获。     

基于多阵元的室内导航伪卫星系统设计

针对伪卫星定位过程中的时钟同步以及整周模糊度求解问题提出了一种基于天线阵列的同源四阵元伪卫星系统。系统采用固定导航电文参数设计的伪卫星脉冲信号体制,实现了伪卫星信号与卫星信号在商用接收机端的兼容,为伪卫星室内定位的推广与普及提供了基础。同时提出一种应用于该伪卫星系统的载波相位单差定位方法,由于其采用同源时钟,不存在信号间时钟偏差问题,仅需利用载波相位单差消除伪卫星与接收机间的钟差,即可建立载波相位单差方程实现定位解算,减低了算法复杂度。最后搭建伪卫星平台,实现了伪卫星信号的生成与接收,并对伪卫星的信号质量以及接收机端观测数据进行了分析,验证了该伪卫星系统信号设计及定位方法的可行性,对实际工程应用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

北斗二代系统B1频段中频信号的生成方法

研究一种北斗二代卫星导航系统B1频段信号的生成方法,以实现B1频段下的北斗二代卫星信号.上述方法可以替代昂贵的硬件信号仿真器,为后期北斗二代软件接收机的研究提供可靠的信号源.在Simulink软件平台上生成包括测距码的产生,自行搭建QPSK模块实现调制,以及难点部分的导航电文、载波和强度可调的噪声信号的最后叠加等,最终拟合成所需信号.后期通过对生成信号的快速FFT捕获进行验证,结果表明生成的信号完全具有北斗二代B1频段QPSK调制信号的所有特征,同时信噪比可调,可以用于北斗二代的信号处理,为北斗老二代系统的设计提供了参考.     

GPS软件接收机载波跟踪环的设计实现

在接收机的信号优化问题的研究中,多普勒频移的跟踪是GPS信号解扩的关键技术之一.针对传统载波跟踪环路中由接收机加速度和加加速度引起的多普勒频移跟踪误差大的缺点,根据科斯塔斯(Costas)环实现载波跟踪的基本原理,为了减少信号误差,提出了接收机载波跟踪环路中鉴别器、滤波器和载波NCO的一种软件实现方法,推导出在不同动态环境下载波跟踪环路带宽和环路频率更新时间的理论值范围,最后对不同动态软件接收机接收的信号进行了跟踪仿真.结果表明:设计的载波跟踪环路功能正常,性能稳定,可快速精确地完成GPS信号的载波跟踪.     

LimeSDR的低成本北斗三代导航信号模拟源设计

随着北斗三代卫星导航系统的建成，对接收机的需求也随之剧增。卫星导航接收机的研发与测试均离不开北斗三代导航信号模拟源。本文利用成熟的软件无线电(SDR)模块LimeSDR设计了一种低成本的北斗三代导航信号模拟源，可模拟生成北斗三代民用B1C卫星导航信号。该方案同时兼具成本低、体积小、携带方便、功耗低等诸多优点。     

北斗B1I信号的捕获算法

北斗B1I信号的捕获是北斗2代接收机的核心模块,它是基于码相位和多普勒频移二维搜索的过程.对于捕获模块,通常采用并行码相位搜索捕获算法来实现对空中可见卫星的捕获.针对信号较弱情况下的卫星捕获,采用了非相干累加与并行码相位搜索捕获相结合的方法.测试结果表明,该捕获算法能够有效快速地实现弱信号的捕获.     

北斗信号快速捕获研究与仿真

捕获速度和捕获多普勒误差影响着北斗接收机的工作性能,北斗信号导航电文的高数据率使传统通过加长快速傅里叶变换(FFT)数据长度来精细化多普勒频移估计的方法不再适用.在研究北斗信号结构和并行码相位搜索捕获原理的基础上,利用FFT对北斗信号实现快速捕获,根据信号相关幅值与多普勒频移估计误差的关系,采用曲线拟合对多普勒频移进行精细化估计,提高了北斗信号的捕获性能.利用采集的北斗导航模拟器信号和MATLAB对算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,在1 ms相干积分时间下,并行码相位搜索捕获算法成功捕获到全部卫星信号,经曲线拟合精细化之后的多普勒频移估计误差小于50Hz.     

应用于北斗卫星通信系统的低噪声放大器设计

北斗卫星导航系统由我国自主研发,其研制目的是为了在日益严峻的世界环境下巩固我国的军事实力。北斗射频接收芯片是北斗卫星导航系统中整个地面端设备的核心,因此,关于射频接收机芯片的研发工作具有十分重要且实际的意义。文中在基于窄带低噪声放大器理论的基础上,采用TSMC0．18μmCMOS工艺设计了一种应用于北斗通信系统中的低噪声放大器。放大器采用改进的单转双电路结构,并通过缓冲级电路对差分信号的幅度和相位偏差进行了有效的校正。实验结果表明该电路在2．45GHz-2．55GHz频带内输入回波损耗小于-28dB,噪声系数小于1．1dB,功率增益大于15dB,电压增益高于32dB。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.