可靠电压频率岛感知的异步片上网络能耗优化

针对采用2D-Torus拓扑结构且支持电压频率岛（VFI）的异步片上网络能耗优化问题,提出了具有可靠性的、基于电压频率岛的划分和分配及片上网络任务映射的能耗优化方法．该方法采用递进优化的方式,根据IP核的动态处理能耗,不同电压频率岛之间的转换能耗和可靠性带来的能耗开销定义了IP核在电压频率岛之间移动的阈值函数,并通过对阈值函数进行判断完成电压频率岛的划分和分配,应用基于三元相关性量子粒子群优化算法完成处理单元到资源节点的映射,在映射中考虑保证系统可靠性的通信开销,对异步片上网络系统的可靠性进行优化．实验结果表明,该算法可以在不过多消耗能耗的情况下显著的改善片上网络系统的可靠性,且可有效降低NOC系统的能耗.     

一种基于程序段的动态电压缩放算法

动态电压缩放技术是一种能有效优化处理器能耗的方法,它允许处理器在运行时动态地改变其时钟频率和供电电压.针对处理器提出了一种基于程序段的动态电压缩放算法PBVSA,该算法使用建立在指令工作集签名基础上的程序段监测状态机来判断程序段是否发生变化,并作出CPU电压和频率调整决定,在程序段内,通过计算该段的频率缩放因子β(片外工作时间与片上工作时间的比例关系)来设定CPU的电压和频率,在sim-panalyzer模拟器上完成了算法的实现,通过对Mibench测试程序集的测试表明:该算法平均降低了处理器29%的能耗,而性能损失平均为5.3%.     

多核结构片上网络性能-能耗分析及优化方法

文中探讨了片上网络在执行真实并行程序时的能耗和性能关系,并提出了一种能耗/性能优化方法.首先,文中提出了一种精确的性能-能耗模型,在性能和能耗模型中同时划分出与频率相关和与频率无关的因素,并分析其对性能和能耗的影响;其次,在性能-能耗模型中建立并行开销、片外访存开销与片上网络规模(节点数)、频率之间的关系,同时引入了并行度、通信模型等与应用相关的因素,使该模型能够同时表达软硬件特性;第三,文中提出了一种基于该性能-能耗模型的性能-能耗优化方法,通过采集程序的通信模型、访存消息数量等数据选择适当的频率和网络节点数来获得片上网络能耗最低值或处理器性能最大值.最后,文中采用8个PARSEC并行程序验证前述模型的准确性并评价性能-能耗优化方法,结果显示文中性能-能耗模型相比传统模型更加精确吻合实验测量结果,性能-能耗优化方法也有效适用于不同种类的并行程序.     

一种基于电压岛的NoC低能耗路由算法

针对基于电压频率岛的片上网络路由算法通信能耗高的问题,提出一种确定性路由算法.应用遗传算法综合考虑电压岛的电压和频率对能耗与延迟的影响,在满足时延约束的条件下得到能耗较低的确定性路由路径,降低通信能耗.通过对遗传算法罚函数的改进,减少通信热点.实验结果表明,与已有算法相比,该算法以少量的硬件开销为代价,可得到通信能耗和通信热点两方面的优化.     

一种新的基于动态电压调整的单任务调度方法

合理运用动态电压调整技术可以有效降低实时任务运行所需的能耗.提出了一种新的单任务DVS调度方法,针对程序的平均执行信息,并结合参数化动态预测策略,合理设置电压/频率调整点.实验结果表明,该方法能够充分利用动态松弛时间,有效控制调整开销,实现较高的能耗优化率.     

移动云计算任务交互图的能效映射与调度

为了降低移动设备的能耗,移动应用可分解为多个互联模块,构建为任务交互图TIG结构,并卸载至云端资源上执行。多数已有研究仅在任务调度阶段以动态电压/频率调整手段进行能量优化,忽略了任务-资源映射阶段。基于此,在任务-资源映射阶段和资源频率分配阶段中同步进行能量优化,设计一种基于二次分派问题QAP的调度算法。任务-资源映射阶段中,计算最差全局松弛时间,并将其分配至整个TIG中的任务。资源频率分配阶段中,通过动态电压/频率调整,在不超过局部期限的同时减慢任务执行,实现能效优化。实验结果表明,在该算法下进行的任务卸载,平均可以为移动设备节省约35%的能耗。     

单处理器多外设实时系统全局能耗优化算法研究

在电池供电的实时嵌入式系统中,能耗是系统设计的一个重要研究问题.动态电压调度和动态电源管理是两种重要的节能技术.前者是动态改变处理器电压/频率,降低处理器能耗;而后者是动态调整片外设备的工作模式,减少片外设备能耗.目前只有少量研究把这两种技术综合在一起.本文研究支持这两种技术的嵌入式全系统实时任务节能调度问题.针对连续和离散处理器频率模型,论文分别提出高效的算法,通过计算系统运行的能耗最小处理器最优频率和设备最优空闲时间,来实现全系统综合节能的目的.实验模拟表明本文算法大大优于其他算法.     

基于两级遗传算法的特定应用片上网络拓扑优化

大规模片上系统面临着性能、同步、能耗等方面的通信问题,片上网络为复杂的片上系统通信问题提供了一种有效的解决方案。由于网络拓扑优化是一种NP难问题,针对片上系统主要面向特定应用的特点,提出一种基于两级遗传算法来求解特定应用片上网络的拓扑优化问题近似解。实验结果表明,相对于现有的三级遗传,两级遗传算法在最小能耗上平均有1.1%的改进,而且仿真运行时间大大减少,平均减少97%.     

商用处理器上针对能耗优化的DVFS调节机制

针对动态电压频率调节(DVFS)对应用程序运行时性能与功耗的影响,基于区间划分方法,使用现有商用处理器提供的性能监测单元,提出一种考虑访存延迟变化的DVFS性能预测模型,并利用该模型实现针对能耗优化的DVFS调节机制(eDVFS)。实验结果表明,与Linux内核提供的ondemand调节策略相比,该eDVFS调节机制能够获得最大23%、平均6.85%的能耗优化。     

面向能耗优化的容错实时系统任务调度模型研究

为了支持面向能耗优化的容错实时任务调度算法研究,提出一种频率相关的时间Petri网—FRTPN.FRTPN引入用于动态电压调整的变迁频率设置空间以及和频率相关的静态引发时域,以支持调度算法的能耗评估及优化;同时它增加一类抑制弧刻画容错故障恢复过程.通过对基于检查点的容错实时能耗优化任务调度进行建模证明了FRTPN的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.