新型阻燃剂乙二胺四甲撑四[双(2-羟基-3-氯丙基)]膦酸酯的合成及应用效果评价

合成了新型阻燃剂乙二胺四甲撑四［双（２-羟基-３-氯丙基）］膦酸酯（ＦＲＳ）。合成中间产物乙二胺四甲撑膦酸（ＥＤＴＰ）的适宜条件是：甲醛∶亚磷酸∶乙二胺＝１．２∶０．６∶０．１６（摩尔比）,反应体系初始ｐＨ＜１．５,室温滴加甲醛１５ｈ,回流反应２.５ｈ。ＥＤＴＰ收率为６８.８％。合成ＦＲＳ的适宜条件是：环氧氯丙烷∶ＥＤＴＰ＝１０∶１（摩尔比）,反应体系初始ｐＨ＝４．０（用ＮＨ３调节）,８０℃条件下２ｈ内滴加完环氧氯丙烷后继续反应１ｈ。ＦＲＳ的收率达９２.６％。ＦＲＳ对织物的阻燃能力超过四羟甲基氯化膦（ＴＨＰＣ）,它与甲醚化三羟甲基三聚氰胺（ＴＭＭ）协同使用时其阻燃性能和耐洗性能都能得到提高。     

2-戊基蒽醌的合成研究

首次以苯和叔戊醇为基础原料经烷基化、酰基化和关环３ 步反应合成了２ 戊基蒽醌。改进和优化了各步合成工艺条件：在三氯化铝－ 硫酸双酸催化下,当ｎ（ＡｌＣｌ３）∶ｎ（Ｈ２ＳＯ４）＝ １∶１－２５,ｎ（Ｃ６Ｈ６）∶ｎ（ｔ Ｃ５Ｈ１１ＯＨ） ＝９∶１,温度６ ℃,反应４ ｈ 时,戊苯收率为７９－３％ ;在２ 甲基吡啶存在下,中间体２ （４′ 戊基苯甲酰） 苯甲酸收率为８０－２ ％ ;关环反应采用氯仿为溶剂,利用类似分水器的装置,有效控制反应温度使炭化减少,２ 戊基蒽醌收率为８１－４ ％ 。     

乙烯酮氯化法合成氯乙酰氯

以乙烯酮和氯气为原料在溶剂中反应合成了氯乙酰氯,适宜溶剂为磷酸三乙酯,采用带夹套的填料塔式反应器。在最佳工艺条件：溶剂比（溶剂与反应生成产物的质量之比）约１－０,反应温度２０ ～３０ ℃,反应压力约９－３ ｋＰａ,原料配比ｎ（Ｃｌ２）∶ｎ（ＣＨ２ＣＯ） ＝（１－０５～１－２０）∶１ 下,氯乙酰氯收率达９２－５ ％ 以上,纯度可达９８－５％ 以上。     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯（4）醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐的合成与性能研究

考察了壬基酚聚氧乙烯（４） 醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐的合成工艺条件,并测定其表面化学性能。最佳合成工艺条件：ｎ（ 酚醚）∶ｎ（ 顺酐） ＝ １∶１ ．０５ ,酯化温度１２０ ℃,酯化时间４．０ ｈ ,ｎ（ 顺酐）∶ｎ（ 亚硫酸钠） ＝ １∶１．０５ ,磺化温度８０ ℃,时间２ ．０ ｈ;整个反应在氮气保护下进行,终产物得率＞ ９６ ％ 。产物主要表面化学性能：临界表面张力２ ．９５×１０ － ２ Ｎ·ｍ －１ ,临界胶束浓度７ ．９４ ×１０－ ４ ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ ,钙皂分散力ＬＳＤＰ为３２ ％ ,乳化性能２ ．４８ ｍｉｎ ,去污力９０ｓ。     

α—氰基丙9烯酸乙酯的无催化合成研究

以氰乙酸乙酯和多聚甲醛为原料合成α－氰基丙烯酸乙酯,无催化合成的最优反应条件是：ｎ（ＣＮＣＨ２ＣＯＯＣ２Ｈ５）：ｎ「（ＨＣＨＯ）ｎ」＝１．００：１．０５、反应温度８２～８５℃、溶剂（乙酸乙酯）用量２００ｍＬ／ｍｏｌ氰乙酸乙酯、反应时间３ｈ,合成收率５８．２％（质量分数≥９９．０％）。     

2-丙酮氧基-3,4-二氟硝基苯的制备

对２,３ 二氟 ６ 硝基苯酚（简称ＤＮＰ）和一氯丙酮缩合反应生成２ 丙酮氧基 ３,４ 二氟硝基苯进行了研究,讨论了反应时间、催化剂的用量、原料配比、反应温度等对反应的影响。在原料的物质的量比为ｎ（ＤＮＰ）∶ｎ（ＣＨ３ ＣＯＣＨ２ Ｃｌ）∶ｎ（ＫＩ）∶ｎ（Ｋ２ ＣＯ３）＝ １∶１．４∶０．１３∶２,反应温度５０℃,反应时间６ｈ 的条件下,产品的收率达８７％ ;同时找到了以乙醇水溶液提纯该产品的新方法。     

2,6-二氟苯腈的合成

以２,６ 二氯苯腈（ＤＣＢＮ）和氟化钾为原料,采用非极性溶剂环丁砜为反应介质,经氟化合成了２,６ 二氟苯腈（ＤＦＢＮ）。对影响产率的诸因素进行了考察,其最佳工艺条件是：ｎ （ＤＣＢＮ）∶ｎ（ＫＦ）∶ｎ（季铵盐）∶ｎ（阻聚剂）＝１∶２－６∶０－０２∶０－０４,反应温度为１７０～１７５ ℃（ 第一步）和２２０ ℃（第二步） ,反应时间为１－５ ｈ（第一步）和３－５ ｈ（第二步）,产品的收率可达９０％ 左右,纯度≥９８％ 。     

新型阻燃剂乙二胺四甲撑四（双（2—羟基—3—氯丙基））膦酸酯的合成及应？…

合成了新型阻燃剂乙二胺四甲撑四（双（２－羟基－３－氯丙工）膦酸酯（ＦＲＳ）。合成中间产物乙二胺四甲撑膦酸（ＥＤＴＰ）的适宜条件是：甲醛：亚磷酸：乙二胺＝１．２：０．６：０．１６（摩尔比）,反应体系初始,ｐＨ〈１．５室温滴加甲醛１．５ｈ回流反应２．５ｈＥＤＴＰ收率为６８．８％,合成ＦＲＳ的适宜条件是：环氧氯丙烷：ＥＤＴＰ＝１０：１（摩尔比）反应体系初始ｐＨ＝４．０（用ＮＨ３调节）,８０℃条件下２ｈ内     

国内简讯

氧丙烷）、反应温度、反应时间。所得产品经测试，熔点为９８～１００℃，溴质量含量为６２．０％，环氧值为０．２５，热分解温度为１９４．２８℃，５％热失重温度１８７．８２℃。②１，３－双（２，４，６－三溴苯氧基）－２－丙醇的合成此反应是在碱性条件下进行的。首先将三溴苯酚、ＮａＯＨ和溶剂依次加入反应器，其它操作步骤同①。最佳工艺条件为：ｎ（三溴酚）∶ｎ（ＮａＯＨ）＝１∶１．２，ｎ（三溴酚）∶ｎ（环氧氯丙烷）＝２∶１．５，反应时间９ｈ。反应因素对反应影响大小次序为温度、时间、ｎ（三溴酚）∶ｎ（ＮａＯＨ）、ｎ（三溴酚）∶ｎ（环氧氯丙烷）。所得产品含溴量ｗ为６６．８％，热分解温度为２７１．８５℃，５％热失重温度为２３５．０５℃，热稳定性能相当好。（于福明、陆懋荪，青岛大学，２６６０７１）     

异氰尿酸三苄基酯的合成研究

采用Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺作溶剂，异氰尿酸、苄氯为原料合成了异氰尿酸三苄基酯。通过正交实验得最佳反应条件为原料摩尔比异氰尿酸∶苄氯∶三乙胺＝１∶３．１∶３．２，反应温度１６０℃，反应时间４ｈ，溶剂ＤＭＦ６．５ｍｌ／ｇ异氰尿酸。该条件下产率达８５％以上     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。