水下滑翔机器人嵌入式控制系统

本文对水下滑翔机器人的特点进行了详尽的分析.针对水下滑翔机器人控制系统的软、硬件组成特点和水下滑翔机器人工作原理,详细介绍了水下滑翔机器人嵌入式控制系统的软、硬件系统的组织机构.细致地阐述了软、硬件系统的设计理念与实现方法.     

基于QNX的水下滑翔机器人嵌入式控制系统

文在对水下滑翔机器人的特点进行分析的基础上,详细介绍了水下滑翔机器人嵌入式控制系统的软、硬件系统的设计方法.对DiskOnChip在QNX操作系统下的驱动以及QNX操作系统的移植过程作了详细的叙述,并给出了适用于该嵌入式控制系统运行的系统启动文件--BuildFile的主要内容及文件基本框架.根据QNX嵌入式实时分布式操作系统的独特性能,在水面控制系统中创造性的提出了利用QNX多控制台来实现对数据进行监控的方式,并开发了应用于该水下滑翔机器人的控制系统软件.     

水下滑翔机器人控制系统设计与实现

本文以水下滑翔机器人为研究对象,首先简要介绍了水下滑翔机器人的总体结构,然后重点研究了其控制系统的设计方案,阐述了控制系统软、硬件的设计与实现,通过水下滑翔机器人湖试验证了控制系统设计合理,运行正确,实现了水下滑翔机器人的基本运动。     

一种水下机器人集成仿真系统的设计

在水下机器人的设计和开发过程中有一个严重的限制问题,就是由于水下机器人工作在较深的水中,因此很难观察到水下机器人的工作情况.针对实验室开发的新型水下机器人,该文的集成仿真系统提供了一个虚拟的海洋环境,和一些传感器的仿真,能够较为真实地模拟水下机器人的工作过程.它允许研究人员在实验室里方便地进行测试,并通过三维实时的图形场景对机器人的工作过程进行监控.最终通过仿真试验,完善了机器人控制系统的设计.     

混合驱动水下滑翔器主从互转式应急控制技术研究

水下滑翔器是一种长续航新型水下机器人,利用其高效的驱动方式能够航行数月,因而相比其他无人水下自主航行器,滑翔器控制系统的可靠性显得尤为关键。根据水下滑翔器长续航的工作需求,结合其分布式控制系统的架构形式,设计了一种主从互转式应急控制技术。通过CPU互监控以及建立公共存储区等手段,实现了控制器异常情况下的非复位式热切换,保证了滑翔器重要动作部件的正常运行。试验结果表明,利用主从互转式控制方式,可以极大的减小了控制系统中主CPU宕机对滑翔器自主运行的影响,增加水下滑翔器的安全性能。     

水下滑翔机器人运动调节机构设计与运动性能分析

描述了水下滑翔机器人3个运动调节机构的设计，即浮力调节机构、俯仰调节机构和横滚调节机构，分析了运动调节机构与运动之间的关系．提出了采用CFX水动力计算软件分析水下滑翔机器人运动性能的方法．根据CFX计算结果，用最小二乘法参数辨识方法辨识出定常滑翔运动的水动力参数．简化了空间螺旋回转运动过程，通过CFX水动力计算方法进行回转特性分析，估算回转半径．     

基于无线通信网络技术的机器人巡检远程监控系统

该文提出一种基于无线通信网络技术的机器人巡检远程监控系统,监控输电线路故障。系统的硬件设计包括主控模块设计、无线通信网络设计、驱动器接口电路设计、远程监控模块设计;系统软件设计主要是在远程监控模块利用增量式PID控制算法控制机器人巡检驱动,实现机器人巡检远程监控。实验结果表明,该系统可控制巡检机器人巡检输电线路、监测输电线路故障状态,可监测不同风速下线路风偏角变化情况,且该系统具备较好的信息传输能力和运行可靠性。     

水下移动无线传感器网络研究综述

水下移动传感器网络是水下机器人与水下传感器网络的结合,解决了传统水下监控网络存在的无法自动实现节点投放与回收,容易存在监测盲区以及不能动态组网等问题,按照自下而上的体系结构,对水下移动传感器网络的研究内容及发展方向进行了归纳阐述,包括水下节点设计、节点互联和动态组网,即点、线、面的层次结构;着重分析了节点移动特性对水下传感器网络的影响及相应的解决方法.虽然水下移动传感器网络的研究面临很多挑战,但它必将具有广阔的应用前景.     

塔式起重机远程安全监控管理系统设计

针对起重设备大范围、分布式工作模式和高效、安全运行作业的需求,设计了基于GPRS的远程监控系统,实现对起重设备群的安全监控。系统由远程监控中心、无线传输网络和机载监控前端组成,以ARM9和WinCE6.0为平台设计监控前端,对塔机运行进行监测与安全预警;采用GPRS和Internet网络实现了监控中心和监控终端之间的数据传输;利用Java设计了人性化的远程监控中心调度和管理软件,实现了监控中心对机群的同步监控与统一管理。现场运行证明该系统具有良好的性能。     

滑翔式水下航行器的运动建模与分析

滑翔式水下航行器是一种基于滑翔原理的无外挂推进系统、仅依靠内置执行机构调整重心位置和净浮力来控制其自身运动状态的新型水下自治机器人。它在净浮力的作用下,利用水平翼在有攻角情况下产生的前进动力,在设定的深度范围内进行锯齿形前进。对滑翔式水下航行器进行运动机理分析,建立滑翔式水下航行器运动数学模型,并对滑翔式水下航行器定常运动状态下的运动参数与可控变量的关系进行仿真,利用MATLAB/SIMULINK建立滑翔式水下航行器模型对其运动进行仿真。     

Persistent ocean monitoring with underwater gliders: Adapting sampling resolution

Ocean processes are dynamic and complex and occur on multiple spatial and temporal scales. To obtain a synoptic view of such processes, ocean scientists collect data over long time periods. Historically, measurements were continually provided by fixed sensors, e.g., moorings, or gathered from ships. Recently, an increase in the utilization of autonomous underwater vehicles has enabled a more dynamic data acquisition approach. However, we still do not utilize the full capabilities of these vehicles. Here we present algorithms that produce persistent monitoring missions for underwater vehicles by balancing path following accuracy and sampling resolution for a given region of interest, which addresses a pressing need among ocean scientists to efficiently and effectively collect high‐value data. More specifically, this paper proposes a path planning algorithm and a speed control algorithm for underwater gliders, which together give informative trajectories for the glider to persistently monitor a patch of ocean. We optimize a cost function that blends two competing factors: maximize the information value along the path while minimizing deviation from the planned path due to ocean currents. Speed is controlled along the planned path by adjusting the pitch angle of the underwater glider, so that higher resolution samples are collected in areas of higher information value. The resulting paths are closed circuits that can be repeatedly traversed to collect long‐term ocean data in dynamic environments. The algorithms were tested during sea trials on an underwater glider operating off the coast of southern California, as well as in Monterey Bay, California. The experimental results show improvements in both data resolution and path reliability compared to previously executed sampling paths used in the respective regions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

浮力驱动式水下滑翔机运动仿真

浮力驱动式水下滑翔机对我国海洋勘探和国防建设有着重要应用前景,根据水下滑翔机三维运动模型,以MATLAB/Simulink为平台完成了滑翔机建模和图形界面仿真工具的设计。并以此仿真软件进行算例计算。该仿真成本低廉,可广泛应用于一般的水下滑翔机设计方案验证。     

能耗最优的水下滑翔机采样路径规划

研究了以能耗为优化准则的水下滑翔机海洋环境参数采样路径规划方法.首先,根据水下滑翔机的运动特点,建立了水下滑翔机采样作业过程的能耗模型;其次,基于能耗模型提出了一种能耗最小的滑翔运动参数优化方法,该方法避免了求解复杂的混合整数非线性规划问题;之后,在能耗最优的滑翔运动参数优化基础上,提出了一种基于两步链式Lin-Ker...     

Underwater glider design based on dynamic model analysis and prototype development

Underwater gliders are efficient mobile sensor platforms that can be deployed for months at a time, traveling thousands of kilometers. Here, we describe our development of a coastal 200 m deep underwater glider, which can serve as an ocean observatory platform operating in the East China Sea. Our glider is developed based on dynamic model analysis: steady flight equilibrium analysis gives the varied range of moving mass location for pitch control and the varied vehicle volume for buoyancy control; a stability analysis is made to discuss the relationship between the stability of glider motion and the location of glider wings and rudder by root locus investigation of glider longitudinal- and lateral-directional dynamics, respectively. There is a tradeoff between glider motion stability and control authority according to the specific glider mission requirements. The theoretical analysis provides guidelines for vehicle design, based on which we present the development progress of the Zhejiang University (ZJU) glider. The mechanical, electrical, and software design of the glider is discussed in detail. The performances of glider key functional modules are validated by pressure tests individually; preliminary pool trials of the ZJU glider are also introduced, indicating that our glider functions well in water and can serve as a sensor platform for ocean sampling.     

基于改进Xmodem协议的水下滑翔机通信系统设计

水下滑翔机是一种依靠重心和自身净浮力变化驱动航行的新型水下机器人。为满足其长时间大尺度海洋调查的要求,设计了一种无线电和铱星卫星通信相结合的通信系统,并根据通信系统在海洋环境下通信链路不稳定的特点,设计了一种改进Xmodem通信协议,以保证水下滑翔机在海洋调查过程中通信的有效性和可靠性。通过海上实验表明:该通信系统和改进Xmodem协议可以满足水下滑翔机上传实验数据的应用需求。     

基于多传感器的波浪能滑翔器导航策略研究

以LPC2478为核心的嵌入式控制系统通过对多路传感器的数据采集,实现了波浪能滑翔器在海洋中的自主巡航监测环境。基于高斯大地线算法,计算出当前位置与预设位置的大地线距离和航向角偏差值;同时基于PID控制算法,计算出尾舵系统需要偏转的角度。2种算法构成了导航策略的算法体系,实现了波浪能滑翔器的视向跟踪和虚拟锚泊。同时,为保证导航信息的精准度,增加2组传感器:波高仪和流速仪,作为辅助导航传感器,从而建构了一个完整的控制波浪能滑翔器自主运行的导航系统结,在实际海洋试验中,取得了良好效果。     

Buoyancy engine developed for underwater gliders

A buoyancy engine with a swashplate-type axial piston pump was developed. Its oil extrusion and drawing properties under high hydraulic pressure were evaluated. This buoyancy engine is now installed in an underwater glider that will achieve long-term monitoring of ocean environments up to 2100 m depth in a designated area with lower operational costs. This bidirectionally functioning pump can control the amount of oil in extrusion and draw operations. When drawing oil under high pressure, the hydraulic pump and the electric motor, respectively, act as a hydraulic motor and an electric generator. The generated electric power is absorbed by a damping resistor. The oil-drawing and extrusion properties were measured using a large hyperbaric chamber that is able to produce an almost identical environment to that of actual operations. Results confirmed stable oil extrusion operations up to 21 MPa. Regarding oil-drawing properties, although it was measured only up to 10 MPa in the hyperbaric chamber, it can be inferred that the system can draw the oil and can control the buoyancy precisely up to 21 MPa by replacing the two-way ball valve with an electromagnetic latching solenoid valve.     

基于局部流场构建的水下滑翔机路径规划

提出了一种基于局部流场构建的水下滑翔机路径规划方法．首先,基于历史剖面的深平均流对未来剖面的深平均流进行预测,并进行位置确定,然后将最前方若干周期的深平均流作为观测值,结合客观分析技术来构建局部流场．最后以构建的流场为基础,采用CTS-A^*（constant time surfacing A^*）迭代算法进行路径规划．在仿真环境下,分别利用该路径规划算法对单个流场和多个流场进行测试,并对结果进行了分析．实验结果表明,该路径规划算法适用于常规大小海流以及大海流情形．