反胶团萃取蛋白质特性的研究

实验将一种阴离子表面活性剂（AOT）和一种阳离子表面活性剂（Aliquat336）分别溶于异辛烷（isooctane）中，构成了两种不同的反胶团体系．通过用两种不同的反胶团溶液萃取六种蛋白质的实验，研究了水相pH值及离子强度对反胶团体系中水含量Wo和蛋白质萃取率影响的规律．实验发现不论哪种反胶团体系，水相pH值对Wo的影响都不大，但pH值却对蛋白质萃取率有很大的影响，对AOT反胶团体系而言，随着pH值的降低，蛋白质的萃取率升高；对Aliquat336反胶团体系而言，随着水相pH值的降低，蛋白质的萃取率下降．随着离子强度的增大，AOT反胶团体系的水含量大幅度地降低；而对Aliquat336体系水含量的影响很小，但水相离子强度对蛋白质萃取率的影响是相同的，随着离子强度的增大，两种体系对蛋白质的萃取率均下降。     

反胶团酶催化研究新进展

评述了近年来反胶团酶催化研究的新进展。在AOT/异辛烷反胶团中加入非离子型表面活性剂如Tween 85、小相对分子质量聚乙二醇等可有效降低酶与表面活性剂间的静电和疏水作用 ,显著提高酶的活性。对AOT进行化学修饰及合成结构与磷脂类似的新表面活性剂以用其构建新的反胶团体系 ,酶的活性较常用的AOT/异辛烷反胶团体系有显著提高。在反胶团酶反应动力学研究中考虑水含量或底物在反胶团表面吸附的影响等 ,提出了进一步研究的设想 ,包括开发新型表面活性剂以进一步提高酶的活性和稳定性及有利于产物分离     

正交实验优化超临界流体CO_2反胶团-络合萃取痕量重金属

利用超临界流体CO2反胶团-络合萃取食品中痕量重金属铅、汞和砷,通过正交实验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和反胶团AOT浓度对痕量重金属萃取率的影响。确定最佳萃取工艺为:萃取压力20 MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间90 min、反胶团AOT浓度0.1 mol.L-1,此时,重金属铅、汞、砷的萃取率分别为93.50%、95.36%、90.47%。表明超临界流体CO2络合萃取时加入反胶团能明显提高痕量重金属的脱除率,萃取效果优于超临界流体CO2反胶团萃取和超临界流体CO2络合萃取。     

反胶团萃取鱼精蛋白的初步研究

鱼精蛋白是一种重要的药用蛋白质,初步研究了反胶团法提取纯化鱼精蛋白的过程。结果表明,采用2-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠（AOT）/异辛烷体系萃取鲑鱼鱼精蛋白,萃取率接近100%,异丙醇显著强化反萃过程。采用反胶团法萃取纯化鱼精蛋白从技术角度来说是可行的。     

超临界CO2下AOT/CTAB混合反胶团体系萃取乳酸钙中蛋白质的研究

研究了超临界CO2下AOT/CTAB混合反胶团体系萃取乳酸钙中影响产品品质的杂蛋白质.并且分析了萃取压力P、温度T、AOT用量VAOT及 AOT/CTAB摩尔混合比nAOT / nCTAB、水量VH2O、pH值等各因素对于该体系中蛋白质的萃取率的影响.通过正交试验得出最佳操作条件 P = 25 MPa,T = 45℃,VAOT =0.15 mL·(g乳酸钙)-1,nAOT/nCTAB = 3001, VH2O = 1.6mL水·(g乳酸钙)-1,pH =4.在此操作条件下,蛋白质的去除率可达70%.     

反胶团萃取蛋白质的平衡模型：静电和疏水性作用的贡献

研究了二(2-乙基己基)琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)和四聚氧乙烯基苯壬基酚醚(PNE4)混合表面活性剂反胶团系统萃取溶菌酶的平衡行为,建立了考虑静电作用和疏水性作用贡献的反胶团萃取蛋白质的分配平衡模型,实验验证了模型的可靠性和适用性. 研究发现,有Na⁺存在时AOT的疏水性较K⁺存在时小,而PNE4的疏水性因子与盐离子种类无关;Na⁺对溶菌酶表面疏水性的增大效应较K⁺显著;K⁺在反胶团内界面上的吸附作用大于Na⁺. 利用静电学和热力学理论讨论和解释了有关现象.     

反胶团法萃取分离L-亮氨酸的研究

考察了表面活性剂2-乙基已基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)浓度、无机盐种类和浓度、温度、盐酸浓度、L-亮氨酸质量浓度以及萃取时间对AOT/异辛烷/H2O反胶团体系萃取分离L-亮氨酸的影响.结果表明:AOT反胶团对L-亮氨酸的萃取在30 min左右即达到平衡,且其萃取率随油相中AOT浓度的增大而升高,随水相中氯化钠、氯化钙、氯化钾浓度的增大而减小;水相盐酸浓度、L-亮氨酸浓度过高均不利于其萃取分离;温度对其萃取反应的影响不大.     

TRPO-AOT/异辛烷反胶团体系萃取细胞色素C和牛血红蛋白

将中性磷氧萃取剂与阴离子型表面活性剂混合溶解在异辛烷中，形成混合反胶团，萃取蛋白质结果表明，该体系对分子量较小的细胞色素Ｃ及分子量较大的牛血红蛋白的萃取性能均比单一反胶团体系更好，萃取曲线均呈“钟”形与单一反胶团相比，混合反胶团中的牛血红蛋白更易被反萃，而细胞色素Ｃ难被反萃，所以，混合反胶团体系更适合于分离纯化牛血红蛋白有机相乳化及温度对混合体系萃取蛋白质性能有较大的影响此外，混合反胶团比单一反胶团大，它们的形貌均为球形     

反胶团萃取分离技术研究进展

简要介绍了反胶团萃取技术理论研究及反胶团萃取体系开发工作，重点综述了反胶团萃取技术在蛋白质、日化和药物等分离分析中的应用研究进展。提出了反胶团萃取技术目前存在的问题、发展方向和应用前景等。     

竞争性抑制剂对反胶团萃取过程中α胰凝乳蛋白酶活力的稳定作用

研究了竞争性抑制剂苯基硼酸对a胰凝乳蛋白酶反胶团萃取过程的影响及对酶活力的稳定作用. 研究发现,向AOT/isooctane 反胶团中添加一定量的苯基硼酸,萃取率会略有增加,反萃取率则无显著变化. 酶活力的回收率显著提高,酶活力对萃取和反萃时间的耐受性显著增强. 苯基硼酸和a胰凝乳蛋白酶之间的特异性亲和作用是产生这种影响的原因.     

Synthesis of macroporous poly(styrene-divinyl benzene) microspheres by surfactant reverse micelles swelling method

Macroporous poly(styrene-divinyl benzene) microspheres with pore size of about 500 nm were prepared by a new method, surfactant reverse micelles swelling method. The macroporous microspheres were prepared by convenient suspension polymerization. The difference from conventional suspension polymerization was that a higher concentration of surfactant was added in the oil phase. The effects of the amount and type of surfactants on the morphology of microspheres were investigated, and the formation mechanism was also discussed. Macropores were formed when the concentration of surfactant was much higher than critical micelle concentration (cmc). It was proposed that a large amount of reverse micelles formed by adding a large amount of surfactant in the oil droplet phase, and the reverse micelles could absorb water from the external aqueous phase. The water in the oil phase formed macropores after polymerization. The method developed in this study was convenient to prepare microspheres with larger pore size than the conventional method such as agglomeration method of nanoparticles.     

XRD,SEM, and XPS Analysis of Soybean Protein Powders Obtained Through Extraction Involving Reverse Micelles

Soybean protein powders obtained by aqueous buffer and reverse micelle extractions were examined and characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These analysis methods provided detailed information about elemental distributions, surface structure, and secondary and microstructures of the protein, respectively. XPS data revealed that the O and N atomic percentages of soybean protein surfaces obtained with bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)/hexane reverse micelles were higher than those obtained with aqueous buffer, whereas the percentage of atomic C was lower. The ratios of nitrogen to carbon (N/C) on the surface of soybean protein obtained through the two extraction methods were similar. The O/C ratio for soybean protein obtained from AOT reverse micelles was large. The obtained results indicated that the reverse micelles could affect the C, O, and N components on the surface of soybean proteins. Moreover, XRD and SEM results also showed the influence of AOT reverse micelles, which lead to more β‐sheet and pore structures.     

不同类型反胶团萃取细胞色素C的研究

以细胞色素 C为研究对象 ,研究了水相 p H值、离子强度、相体积比、表面活性剂浓度和类型及萃取时间对反胶团法萃取细胞色素 C的影响 ;讨论了不同类型反胶团体系的萃取机理。结果表明 ,反胶团法的提取率高 ,且高效、快速、简便。选择合适的体系和条件 ,可以实现细胞色素 C的有效萃取     

Reverse Micelle Supercritical Fluid Separations

Abstract

Initial results are presented showing the potential applications of reverse micelle supercritical fluid solvents in separation processes. The formation of reverse micelles in supercritical nalkane continuous phases is described. Phase diagrams obtained from view-cell studies of micellar and microemulsion phases formed in supercritical fluids are reported and shown to be strongly dependent on pressure. The solubility of AOT in ethane and propane over a range of pressures shows behavior typical of solids in supercritical fluids. The maximum water-to-surfactant ratio (W_O) increased dramatically in both ethane and propane systems as pressure was increased. At 300 bar W_O = 4 for ethane at 37 'C and W_O = 12 for propane at 103 _*C. The initial use of supercritical fluids containing reverse micelles for the extraction of solutes from an aqueous phase, and as mobile phases in chromatography, is described.     

Characterization of phospholipid reverse micelles in relation to membrane processing of vegetable oils

Studies were conducted to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of phospholipids in vegetable oils and the size of reverse micelles to understand their rejection phenomenon in the membrane process. The CMC values of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in triolein and phospholipids in crude soybean oil were determined to be 440 and 1020 mg/kg, respectively, by using TCNQ (7,7,8,8‐tetracyano‐quinodimethane) solubilization technique. The surface tension measurements of these samples gave similar values of CMC. From small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) analysis, the size of the PC micelles was determined to be in the range of 3.56 to 4.70 nm. The characterization of reverse micelles formed in the oil system was found useful in enhancing the understanding of the possible rejection phenomenon of phospholipids by non‐porous polymeric composite membranes used in our earlier studies on vegetable oils and in suggesting suitable types of membranes for the same.     

气溶胶OT反胶束对L-胱氨酸的萃取行为研究

实验考察了气溶胶OT (AOT即 2 乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠 )浓度、盐酸浓度、L 胱氨酸浓度、无机盐浓度及温度对AOT反胶束萃取L 胱氨酸的影响。结果表明 :AOT浓度增大萃取分配系数增大 ;水相中盐酸浓度增大、无机盐浓度增大、胱氨酸初始浓度增大均使萃取分配系数降低 ;萃取温度升高使萃取的分配系数减小 ,说明AOT反胶束萃取胱氨酸是一个放热过程 ,低温有利于胱氨酸的萃取     

Effects of AOT reverse micelle extraction on structure and emulsifying properties of soybean protein

The present study aimed to investigate the forward and backward extraction efficiency, structure, and emulsifying properties of soybean proteins obtained through bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) reverse micelle, as well as their relationship. The results showed that the extraction efficiency was the highest with the forward extraction time of 25 min, pH of 3.0, temperature of 45°C, KCl concentration of 0.0 mol L⁻¹, and the backward extraction time of 10 min, pH of 4.0, temperature of 30°C, KCl concentration of 0.5 mol L⁻¹. Significant changes in the secondary structure and fluorescence intensity of soybean protein after AOT reverse micelle extraction were observed. More β-sheet structure and higher fluorescence intensity corresponded to the higher emulsion stability of soybean protein. The results indicated that reverse micelle extraction shows great application in food industry.