真空钎焊纯铝用铝基钎料及其钎焊接头性能研究

采用铝基钎料对工业纯铝进行真空钎焊,分析研究了铝基钎料的Si含量、钎焊工艺参数对钎焊接头的强度、硬度和耐蚀性等性能的影响,探索其钎料的最佳硅含量及钎焊工艺参数组合.结果表明,钎料中的最佳Si含量为12wt％,最佳钎焊加热温度为620℃,保温时间为20min.     

Al_2O_3弥散强化铜与CuCrZr合金的真空钎焊及热处理一体化工艺研究

采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料对Al_2O_3弥散强化铜与CuCrZr合金进行真空钎焊,研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对钎焊接头组织和性能的影响,分析了经真空钎焊后直接淬火+时效处理对母材CuCrZr合金及接头性能的影响.结果表明,钎焊温度过低或保温时间过短,钎料与母材相互冶金作用较弱,接头性能较差;钎焊温度过高或保温时间过长,钎料向弥散铜中毛细渗入严重,焊缝中出现孔洞,接头强度也下降.经过随后的时效处理可以部分恢复母材CuCrZr合金的性能.     

Cu—Ni—Be合金与T2铜真空钎焊及热处理一体化工艺研究

通过SEM、EDS、金相显微镜及拉伸试验分析了不同钎焊温度下钎焊接头的显微组织及性能特征,研究了保温时间对经真空钎焊、淬火复合工艺及时效处理后母材Cu-Ni-Be合金和接头组织及性能的影响.结果表明,钎焊温度对母材与钎料间的冶金作用影响明显,钎焊温度为935℃时,钎焊接头抗拉强度最高达228MPa;除10 min外,随着保温时间的延长,接头及母材性能变化不明显,热处理后接头性能较退火态有所下降;采用CuMnNi钎料进行Cu-Ni-Be合金与T2铜真空钎焊及热处理一体化工艺能够恢复母材性能的92%,接头强度达144MPa.     

保温时间和钎焊温度对真空钎焊304不锈钢接头性能的影响

研究了镍基钎料真空钎焊304不锈钢的保温时间和钎焊温度这两种工艺参数对其焊缝组织和接头性能的影响.结果表明:适当的保温时间和钎焊温度有利于钎料与母材间的扩散作用,并能有效的消除钎缝组织中Ni-P、Ni-Cr-P等脆性化合物相,使得脆性化合物相在钎缝中的分布的连续性被打断,从而获得更高的接头强度.     

基于BAg45CuZn钎料空气炉中钎焊紫铜的工艺参数研究

选用BAg45CuZn钎料对T2铜进行空气炉中钎焊.采用不同的钎焊温度和保温时间进行试验,测试了钎缝力学性能.通过分析钎缝的断口形貌和组织,研究了钎焊温度、保温时间、壁厚以及冷却方式对钎缝组织和性能的影响.结果表明,温度过低和保温时间过短,钎料与母材相互冶金作用不强,结合不紧密;温度过高和保温时间过长,钎料向母材严重扩散,焊缝抗拉强度降低.保温时间与母材壁厚的平方成正比,与加热温度成反比例关系:不同的冷却速度对钎缝的组织和性能影响也不同,空冷容易出现脆性相,随炉冷却时焊缝可以得到良好的组织和力学性能.     

复合玻璃钎焊高体分SiC_p/6063Al的工艺及性能研究

使用Pb O-B_2O_3-Zn O体系非晶玻璃钎料和Pb Ti O_3晶体混合组成的复合玻璃钎料,在空气中实现了60vol%Si C_p/6063Al复合材料的钎焊连接,辅助以母材的阳极氧化和复合玻璃钎料的热压烧结工艺优化了钎焊效果。通过DSC、XRD、SEM和EDS等分析手段,研究了温度、保温时间对钎焊接头的影响。结果表明:母材的阳极氧化、钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长一定程度上可以提高接头的强度。当钎焊温度450℃,保温时间30 min时,使用复合玻璃焊片对表面阳极氧化后的母材进行钎焊连接,获得的钎焊接头压剪强度为33 MPa。在钎焊过程中母材的氧化膜溶解于钎料,同时Al元素微量扩散,形成与母材结构相似的焊缝。     

铜/16Mn钢真空钎焊工艺研究

钢与铜的异种金属焊接结构被广泛应用于航空航天、化工、机械、冶金等领域。以Ag-Cu-Zn作为钎料,文中利用真空钎焊工艺焊接纯铜与16Mn钢,采用SEM,能谱仪、万能拉伸试验仪等研究钎焊温度、钎焊时间等工艺参数对钎焊接头界面结构和力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,钎料中Ag具有向Cu扩散生长特性;钎料能够润湿铺展母材,钎焊接头为冶金结合;增加钎焊温度和保温时间,钎焊接头界面宽度呈先增加后减小的趋势。最佳钎焊工艺参数:钎焊温度800℃,保温时间40 min。     

复合玻璃钎焊高体分SiCp/6063Al复合材料的工艺及性能研究

使用PbO-B2O3-ZnO体系非晶玻璃钎料和PbTiO3晶体制成的复合玻璃钎料,辅助以阳极氧化和热压烧结工艺,在空气中实现了60vol.%SiCp/6063Al复合材料的钎焊连接。通过DSC、XRD和EDS等分析手段,研究了温度、时间对钎焊接头的影响。结果表明：母材的阳极氧化、钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长可以一定程度上提高接头的强度。当钎焊温度450℃,保温时间30min时,钎焊接头的压剪强度为33MPa。在钎焊过程中母材的氧化膜溶解于钎料,同时Al元素微量扩散,形成复合材料形式的焊缝。     

SiC_p/2024AlMMC颗粒暴露及钎焊行为分析

介绍了焊接参数对SiCp/2024Al铝基复合材料的真空钎焊组织和性能的影响.焊前利用颗粒暴露技术将复合材料表面颗粒部分暴露,并利用真空气相沉积使暴露表面合金化.使用M6钎料,在不同的钎焊工艺参数下对复合材料进行焊接.结果表明,焊接温度过低或者保温时间过短,钎缝结合面有残留的Cu,钎料对复合材料润湿不好.随钎焊温度增加,保温时间的进一步延长,Cu与Al基体完全反应,促进了钎焊过程.但随着钎焊温度和保温时间的进一步增加,母材中出现过烧导致的气孔.钎焊接头X射线衍射试验表明,接头中没有Al4C3脆性相生成.拉伸试验表明,钎焊参数为620℃,保温20min时,接头抗剪强度最高,达到202MPa.断口分析表明,钎料对复合材料的不润湿,复合材料过烧导致气孔,复合材料中颗粒的聚集是导致接头强度下降的主要原因.     

高体积比SiC_P/Al复合材料真空钎焊工艺研究

在三个不同温度和三个不同保温时间下,用Al66-Si5-Cu26-Zn2-Ti1钎料真空钎焊表面镀镍的65%体积比SiCP/Al复合材料。通过剪切强度测试、显微组织分析、能谱分析等手段研究了钎焊接头的组织和性能,对比出最佳钎焊工艺。结果表明:镍层在钎焊过程中起到了桥梁作用,改善母材的焊接性,钎料透过镍层进入母材,镍层向母材中扩散,达到了母材与母材的钎焊而不是镍层之间焊接;570℃保温30 min下钎焊效果最好,结合实际生产要求高效率和低能耗,575℃保温20 min的工艺方法效率更高更适于实际生产。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.