新型低碳贝氏体钢的力学与腐蚀疲劳性能

为研究低碳贝氏体钢在热处理后的力学、腐蚀疲劳性能,采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射分析研究了一种新型贝氏体钢力学性能,并在自来水和盐水腐蚀介质中研究了其腐蚀疲劳性能.结果表明:与轧材比较,A、B、C钢轧材经正火回火热处理后,表现出更优异的综合力学性能和抗腐蚀疲劳性能;而含Si高的A钢具有更优异的韧塑性及抗腐蚀疲劳性能.含Si的贝氏体钢中的贝氏体铁素体(BF)板条间残余奥氏体(Ar)膜对氢致裂纹的扩展速率有突出的抑制作用.     

各种原始组织对亚温淬火强韧性的影响

本文研究了原始组织为马氏体、上贝氏体、下贝氏体和正火态组织的30CrMnSi 钢经亚温淬火后的强韧性。试验结果表明,具有马氏体和贝氏体原始组织的钢,经亚温淬火后的强韧性均优于正火态钢。钢的强化效应是与两相的相对量和组织形态有关.亚温淬火能明显抑制高温回火脆性。     

正火回火14Ni3CrMoV锻钢微观组织的TEM研究

利用透射电镜 (TEM)研究了 1 4Ni3CrMoV锻钢正火 +回火后的微观组织。结果表明 ,该钢在正火过程中形成的以贝氏体为主的组织在高温回火过程中发生了明显变化。碳化物大量析出 ,分布均匀 ,大部分仍保持一定的方向性 ,显示原贝氏体铁素体板条的位向。局部存在铁素体 +球化碳化物类组织。回火后没有发现块状残余奥氏体     

纳米贝氏体/马氏体钢的热稳定性

将低温贝氏体相变前淬火得到由马氏体、贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体组成的纳米贝氏体钢,使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段观察在不同温度回火的纳米贝氏体钢的显微组织和硬度变化,研究了预相变马氏体对纳米贝氏体钢热稳定性的影响。结果表明:含有马氏体的纳米贝氏体钢在中低温(473~773 K)回火后其硬度比回火前的高,回火温度高于823 K其硬度迅速下降到266.2HV(923 K)。预形成的马氏体在473~573 K回火后向附近的残余奥氏体排碳,后者的碳含量提高到峰值1.52%,提高了残余奥氏体的热稳定性,延迟后者在高温时的分解,从而提高了纳米贝氏体钢的高温热稳定性;回火温度高于723 K则残余奥氏体分解成碳化物,贝氏体铁素体粗化、回复形成新的铁素体晶粒。     

Q-I-Q-T热处理新工艺下两种奥氏体化温度对60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢疲劳强度的影响

研究了淬火-等温-再淬火-回火(Q-I-Q-T)热处理新工艺下两种不同奥氏体化温度对60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢疲劳强度的影响,得到新工艺显微组织为马氏体/贝氏体及少量薄膜状残余奥氏体的复相组织。结果表明:低温奥氏体化状态较高温状态,马氏体、残余奥氏体的量减少,贝氏体的量增加。由于高温奥氏体化状态晶粒粗化,晶界处淬火应力集中,疲劳裂纹主要在晶界界隅处萌生;低温奥氏体化状态晶粒细化,疲劳裂纹主要由内部夹杂物引起。低温奥氏体化状态疲劳强度高于高温奥氏体化状态。     

基于组织和结构调控9CrV钢大尺寸活塞性能的优化EI北大核心CSCD

研究了热处理和结构调控对直径为190 mm的9CrV钢仿形活塞不同部位显微组织和力学性能的影响及其机理。结果表明,经850℃×5 h-230℃×4 h等温淬火、230℃×4 h回火后,9CrV钢活塞的表层至心部依次为下贝氏体、贝氏体+索氏体+M/A岛、珠光体类组织;表层的抗拉强度和冲击吸收功均高于心部。淬火温度降至800℃、回火温度升至400℃,使表层的抗拉强度提高到1610 MPa、冲击吸收功降低到7.4 J,心部的冲击韧性有所提高但是强度降低。经800℃×5 h-230℃×4 h等温淬火、230℃×4 h+400℃×4 h二次回火后,表层的抗拉强度达到1672 MPa、冲击吸收功达到9.8 J,且改善了心部的冲击韧性,使活塞整体的强度与韧性趋于平衡。淬火加热温度的降低保留了适量的未溶碳化物颗粒,阻碍了奥氏体的长大和细化了晶粒,从而提高了钢的强度。在230℃回火使残余奥氏体转化为下贝氏体、防止在400℃回火(提高心部韧性)时生成薄壳碳化物和平衡了整体韧性。综合热处理和活塞结构的调控,实现了大尺寸活塞的整体强韧性平衡。     

低碳微合金石油储罐钢回火工艺研究

以含0.012Ti大型石油储罐用钢为研究对象,分析了不同回火温度对淬火后的石油储罐用钢性能和组织的影响.结果表明回火时间相同,随回火温度的升高,钢板力学性能变化趋势并非单调性,硬度和强度先升高后降低,韧性和塑性先降低后升高.在605～635℃窄区间回火温度对金相组织演变的差异较小,没有出现本质上的不同.原轧态淬火钢经回火后的显微组织由板条贝氏体+马氏体组织逐渐转变为粒状贝氏体、板条贝氏体及回火马氏体混合组织,板条边界依然清晰可见,说明回火过程只发生回复并没有再结晶.     

超高强度55SiMn2Mo贝氏体钢组织和性能的研究

通过对５５ＳｉＭｎ２Ｍｏ贝氏体钢显微组织和力学性能的研究发现：该钢空冷条件下得到Ｂ／Ｍ复合组织，其中Ｍ为板条马氏体和孪日马氏体的混合组织，Ｂ为变态下贝氏体。５５ＳｉＭｎ２Ｍｏ钢空冷后在２５０－３００℃范围内回火时，可获得超高强度及较好的塑韧性配合，当回火温度超过３００℃后则有回火脆性产生。     

真空分级淬火对8Cr4Mo4V钢组织和性能的影响

在真空条件下对航空轴承用8Cr4Mo4V钢进行不同温度的分级淬火并采用扫描电镜观察其微观组织、用XRD谱进行相分析并测试洛氏硬度、冲击性能和旋转弯曲疲劳性能,研究了真空分级淬火对其微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,真空分级淬火后的8Cr4Mo4V钢其微观组织由下贝氏体、马氏体/残余奥氏体和碳化物组成;随着分级淬火温度的提高,淬火和回火态钢中析出碳化物的数量增加,残余奥氏体的含量降低。分级淬火温度为580℃时淬火态钢中贝氏体的含量最高(达到13.87%),残余奥氏体的含量为28.59%。回火后析出碳化物的含量和洛氏硬度均为所有分级温度中的最大值,分别为4.37%和62.38HRC。真空分级淬火能提高8Cr4Mo4V钢的综合力学性能。与未分级真空淬火相比,进行580℃×10 min真空分级淬火的8Cr4Mo4V钢的冲击韧性提高了23.3%,旋转弯曲疲劳极限提高了110 MPa。     

用示波冲击法测定42CrMo钢的冲击韧性

用示波冲击法测定了在冲击载荷下,淬回火态42CrMo钢的载荷-挠度曲线,并将冲击总功分成裂纹萌生功和裂纹扩展功;研究了回火温度对42CrMo钢回火组织与冲击韧性的影响。结果表明42CrMo钢在回火过程中,随回火温度升高,弹性功基本不变,裂纹萌生功略有升高,而裂纹扩展功迅速增加,42CrMo钢对缺口敏感,随回火温度升高,缺口敏感性降低,淬火态42CrMo钢经500—590℃回火,其组织由板条马氏体和条状及粒状θ-Fe_3C组成;冲击断口为准解理与韧窝混合断裂,随回火温度升高,韧窝增多,准解理减少。     

A study of self‐hardening bainitic cast steel

Bainitic cast steel is a kind of wear resistant material which has high strength and toughness, and can usually be obtained by isothermal quenching or molybdenum alloying. However, isothermal quenching has lower production efficiency and molybdenum alloying has higher production cost. In this paper, according to the characteristics that manganese and boron elements delayed the pearlitic transformation, the authors developed a new type of self‐hardening bainitic cast steel in which manganese and boron were main alloy elements and a small amount of titanium, nitrogen, calcium, barium and yttrium elements were also added in the steel that could refine and purify the solidification structure of steel. On this basis, the author studied the effect of tempering treatment on microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of bainitic cast steel. The results showed that impact toughness of bainitic cast steel increased ceaselessly with the increase of tempering temperature, and there was tempering brittleness while tempering from 450°C–500°C. Moreover, the hardness of bainitic cast steel decreased with the increase of tempering temperature, and hardness decreased slowly and maintained at 55HRC or above when tempering temperature was lower than 300°C. Under the condition of two‐body pin‐on‐disc wear, the wear resistance of bainitic cast steel decreased with the increase of tempering temperature, but bainitic cast steel tempering at 300°C had excellent wear resistance in the condition of impact wear. In the practical use, the bucket teeth of excavator and the hammer of crusher making from self‐hardening bainitic cast steel were safe and reliable, and their service life were increased by 120–150% than Hadfield manganese steel.     

热处理对C12A耐热钢的组织与性能影响

通过对铸造C12A耐热钢进行热处理,观察其微观组织,测定其力学性能。试验结果表明：正（淬）火组织为板条马氏体＋部分针状马氏体＋少量残余奥氏体,其硬度比较高,塑性和韧性不是很好;正（淬）火＋回火组织为回火马氏体,其硬度不是很高,塑性和韧性比较好,具有良好的综合性能;退火组织为铁素体,其硬度低,塑性和韧性高;通过正火＋回火,研究回火温度对其微观组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明：回火温度对C12A钢的组织和性能有较大影响,其硬度随回火温度的升高呈先降后升趋势。     

回火温度对两相区退火海工钢组织和性能的影响

对690 MPa级海工钢进行“淬火+两相区退火+回火”三步热处理,研究了回火温度对其组织和性能的影响、分析了力学性能变化与组织演变和残余奥氏体体积分数之间的关系。结果表明：回火后实验钢的显微组织为回火贝氏体/马氏体、临界铁素体和残余奥氏体的混合组织。随着回火温度的提高贝氏体/马氏体和临界铁素体逐渐分解成小尺寸晶粒,而残余奥氏体的体积分数逐渐增加;屈服强度由787 MPa降低到716 MPa,塑性和低温韧性明显增强,断后伸长率由20.30%增至29.24%,-40℃下的冲击功由77 J提升至150 J。残余奥氏体体积分数的增加引起裂纹扩展功增大,是低温韧性提高的主要原因。贝氏体/马氏体的分解和残余奥氏体的生成,引起组织细化、晶粒内低KAM值位错的比例逐渐提高和小角度晶界峰值的频率增大,使材料的塑性和韧性显著提高。     

改善09MnNi容器钢低温冲击韧性的机理

用热膨胀法测量了典型容器用09MnNiDR钢的Ac1和Ac3温度,并用在此基础上设计的淬火工艺对其进行热处理。使用扫描电镜、EBSD和夏比冲击试验机等手段研究了09MnNiDR钢在其厚度方向1/2处的组织、织构和低温冲击性能。结果表明：实验钢的Ac1=692.9℃,Ac3=883.1℃。与“准亚温淬火+回火”或“准亚温淬火+亚温淬火+回火”热处理工艺相比,采用“预淬火+准亚温淬火+回火”热处理,能使09MnNiDR钢板1/2厚度处的低温冲击性能有较大的提高。其原因,一是晶粒的细化,二是织构的漫散分布。     

Sliding wear and low cycle fatigue properties of new carbide free bainitic rail steel

Abstract

A new carbide free bainitic rail steel was prepared, whose comprehensive mechanical properties are equal or superior to current premium pearlitic and bainitic rail steels. The new bainitic rail steel possesses better low cycle fatigue properties and approximate resistance to wear compared with current pearlitic rail steel. The carbon enriched film-like austenite between the ferrite of the new bainitic rail steel can delay crack initiation and propagation in fatigue processes, resulting in a relatively high low cycle fatigue life (about two times) compared to the pearlitic rail steel. Finally, a wear model during sliding wear and deformation model during the low cycle fatigue of pearlitic and bainitic rail steels were established. As a result, the bainitic rail steel with a relatively reasonable combination of wear and fatigue properties compared to pearlitic rail steel is obtained, in which the initiation and propagation of cracks may be partially or entirely removed during the wear process.     

The effect of tempering temperature on mechanical properties and microstructure of low alloy Cr and CrMo steel

Two low alloy Cr and CrMo steels with similar levels of carbon, manganese and chromium have been studied to determine the effect of tempering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure. The quenching and tempering of steels were carried out using a high-speed dilatometer. The steels were quenched at the average cooling rate of 30 K s-1 in the temperature range from 1123 to 573 K by flowing argon and tempered at 673, 823 and 973 K. The martensite of steels formed during quenching was of entire lath morphology with 2 vol% retained austenite. It was found that after tempering at 973 K the Cr steel contained only orthorhombic cementite, while the CrMo steel contained the cementite and hexagonal Mo2C particles in the ferrite matrix. At the same tempering conditions, the CrMo steel shows higher strength but lower ductility as compared to those of Cr steel. It is shown that this difference results from finer prior austenite grain, substructure within matrix and precipitate dispersion strengthening, primarily by Mo2C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) bright- and dark-field micrographs as well as selected area diffraction pattern analysis of orientation relationship showed that the cementite precipitated from the ferrite matrix. Fractography analysis showed that the morphology fracture surface was changed by increasing tempering temperature. Tempering at 973 K obtained ductile fracture by the microvoid coalescence mechanism.     

轧辊用高速钢组织与性能研究

研究了四种不同成分的轧辊用高速钢淬火和回火后的显微组织与性能。结果表明,轧辊用高速钢合适的淬火温度为1050℃～1100℃,回火温度为500℃～550℃,热处理后组织由回火马氏体、少量残余奥氏体以及各种碳化物组成,大量细小碳化物呈弥撒分布,铸态组织中网状碳化物基本消除。回火后高速钢硬度可达HRC62,冲击韧性在6J／cm^2以上,可以满足制作高速钢轧辊的要求。