Fe2O3—CaO／γ—AIO3催化乙醇转化制丙酮的研究

FeCI3和CaCI2水溶液与γ－AI2O3通过氨水沉淀、120℃干燥、450℃焙烧制得的Fe2O3-CaO/γ－AIO3催化剂（含10．1％Fe、2.4?,Ca,Fe原子比为1：3）,在乙醇转化制丙酮的反应中表现了较好的催化活性。当乙醇：水的进料摩尔比为1：7、420－430℃气相条件下反应时,乙醇的转化率可达63．1％,丙酮选择性为91．9％。     

A1／Mg水滑石层状超分子结构阻燃剂的制备

本文以氢氧化钠和碳酸钠混合物为沉淀剂，采用低饱和共沉淀法，制备Mg／A1水滑石层状超分子结构阻燃剂。考察反应沉淀过程pH对Mg／A1水滑石层状超分子结构阻燃剂的影响，用XRD对样品进行分析和表征。实验研究结果表明：当制备条件Mg／AL=3时，反应沉淀pH为10左右且[OH^-]／[Mg^2＋＋A1^3＋]=2时，合成的Mg／AL水滑石的晶相结构最完整。     

在粗盐水中加入CaCl2调整Mg^＋＋、Ca^＋＋比值，提高精盐水质量初试

近几年来，原盐数量不足，质量低劣，明显影响着氯碱生产。本厂在氯碱盐水生产过程中采取了一般措施，尚不能保证盐水质量。为此，对影响盐水质量的重要因素－原盐水的Mg^ 、Ca^ 值进行了研究，通过各组实验证实了Mg^ ：Ca^ 值＞1时，澄清效果明显不好，精盐水质量得不到保证，而Mg^ ＋:Ca^ 值＜0．8时，澄清效果明显好转，精盐水质量可满足生产要求。本文就降低Mg^ 、Ca^ 比值的措施－在粗盐水澡加入CaCl2降低Mg^ :Ca^ 值的方法、特点进行了论述。同时对措施后的成本情况、所得效益进行了分析计算。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备尺寸可控二氧化硅纳米颗粒

本文以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,乙醇和异丙醇为助溶剂,在氨水存在的条件下,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化硅颗粒。采用扫描电镜和激光粒度分析仪,系统考察反应温度、初始p H值、乙醇和异丙醇的体积比、TEOS与氨水的体积比以及TEOS与水的体积比等不同条件对二氧化硅颗粒尺寸和形貌的影响。实验结果表明:反应温度40℃,p H值为11.0,乙醇与异丙醇比例为1:1,TEOS和氨水、水的体积比分别为1:2和1:4所制备的二氧化硅颗粒分布均匀,粒径约为300 nm。     

重结晶法生产高纯草酸

研究了酸对水的比例，过滤介质，搅拌形式，搅拌速率，降温速率，洗涤等几面方面影响产品粒度和纯度的因素，给出了最佳条件，在草酸：水＝1：1．8－2．5，锚式搅拌，60r/min,5-8℃/h的降温速率，30％－50％去离子水洗涤等条件下，产品指标完全达到了厂家要求。     

共沸蒸馏法制备Bi2O3微细粉的研究

共沸蒸馏法制取Bi2O3微细粉的关键是控制中和沉淀、共沸蒸馏,以及烘干、煅烧过程中团聚体的形成。实验表明,常温下硝酸铋与4％－6％氨水进行中和沉淀反应,并加入添加剂A1．0wt%,调节pH值至7－8,制得胶状沉淀Bi(OH)3;经过滤、洗涤后,以1：1．58的比例与共沸溶剂正丁醇混合制得浆液;再经共沸蒸馏至温度达117．7℃,共沸蒸馏后的Bi(OH)3在100℃下干燥1h;最后在500－550℃煅烧1h,自然冷却即得粒度为0．5－0．7μm、晶型为α型的无定型Bi2O3微细粉。     

湿法合成纳米羟基磷灰石粉末的研究

对以硝酸钙和磷酸氢二锭为先驱体,在水及水－乙醇两种体系下采用温法制备纳米羟基磷灰石粉体进行了研究,研究发现溶剂体系,反应温度,凝胶清洗用剂及洗滤次数对所得的粉体粉度有较大的影响,在适当的条件下制备出了粒度为20－50nm的羟基磷灰石的超细粉体。     

激光衍射法测定细微滑石粉粒度的研究

文章研究了分别以焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、乙醇、乙二醇单丁醚作为分散剂时使用激光粒度仪对细微滑石粉粒度的测定情况,确定了使用乙醇:乙二醇单丁醚=2:1的混合溶剂进行预分散,再加入水中使用激光粒度仪测定粒度的最佳方法。使用该方法测得的细微滑石粉粒度(D90)RSD为0.49%。     

异相反应法合成纳米硫化铅

以硫化氢和硝酸铅为原料,在有络合剂的醇/水介质中,采用气/液异相化学反应法合成了纳米硫化铅。对产物硫化铅粒度的影响因素进行了探讨,并通过XRD、SEM和激光粒度仪分别对产物纳米硫化铅的结构、形貌、粒度和粒度分布进行了表征。结果表明：增大EDTA与硝酸铅的初始浓度比（cEDTA /c硝酸铅）、乙醇与水体积比（V乙醇/ V水）和溶液pH,以及减小硫化氢气体流量,都可以减小硫化铅颗粒粒度。当cEDTA /c硝酸铅为1、V乙醇/V水为1、pH为3.5、硫化氢气体流量为20 mL/min时,所得到的纳米立方晶型硫化铅的粒度为69 nm,粒度分布较窄,颗粒形状为球型。     

沉淀介质对CoFe2O4前驱体粒度和形貌的影响

利用共沉淀法制备了CoFe2O4的前驱体粉末.在不同的沉淀介质下制备了具有多角形小粒子聚集体、具有棒状等不同形貌和粒度的CoFe2O4的前驱体.结果表明:沉淀介质的表面张力系数和介电常数对前驱体粉末的粒度和形貌有很大影响.当沉淀介质为蒸馏水时,产物为多角形小粒子聚集的类球形结构;沉淀介质为无水乙醇时产物呈较为均匀的针状或短棒状结构,粒子长度为2～5μm,直径小于0.5μm,粒子直径较蒸馏水介质时较小.同时,使用乙醇作为沉淀介质时,产物分散性好.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。