Fingerprint and authenticity roasted coffees by <Superscript>1</Superscript>H-NMR: the Brazilian coffee case

With globalization, it has become necessary to adopt policies to regulate the coffee market, addressing problems including the authenticity and traceability of products. It is therefore important to establish methodologies that can help to safeguard the interests of producer countries and add value to products. For this purpose, the use of NMR combined with multivariate statistical procedures can be an attractive option. The aim of this study was to develop a fast and effective technique, using ¹H NMR coupled with multivariate statistics, to create a fingerprint of roasted coffees, distinguishing them according to the main Brazilian producer regions. Several compounds suitable for differentiating roasted coffees were identified in the fingerprint. Discriminant analysis revealed good distinction among the samples. The compounds catechol, trigonelline, caffeine, and n-methylpyridine were most important for the differentiation. The findings should assist coffee-producing countries in adopting measures to protect their markets and to add value to coffee products.     

Potent Antidiabetic Activity and Metabolite Profiling of Melicope Lunu‐ankenda Leaves

Diabetes mellitus is normally characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with disturbances in the fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. There is an increasing trend of using natural products instead of synthetic agents as alternative therapy for disorders due to their fewer side effects. In this study, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of different Melicope lunu‐ankenda (ML) ethanolic extracts were evaluated using inhibition of α‐glucosidase and 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activity, respectively; whereas, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric (UHPLC‐MS/MS) techniques were used for metabolite profiling of ML leaf extracts at different concentrations of ethanol and water. Sixty percent of ethanolic ML extract showed highest inhibitory effect against α‐glucosidase enzyme (IC₅₀ of 37 μg/mL) and DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ of 48 μg/mL). Antidiabetic effect of ML extracts was also evaluated in vivo and it was found that the high doses (400 mg/Kg BW) of ML extract exhibited high suppression in fasting blood glucose level by 62.75%. The metabolites responsible for variation among ML samples with variable ethanolic levels have been evaluated successfully using ¹H‐NMR–based metabolomics. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares(PLS) analysis scores depicted clear and distinct separations into 4 clusters representing the 4 ethanolic concentrations by PC1 and PC2, with an eigenvalue of 69.9%. Various ¹H‐NMR chemical shifts related to the metabolites responsible for sample difference were also ascribed. The main bioactive compounds identified attributing toward the separation included: isorhamnetin, skimmianine, scopoletin, and melicarpinone. Hence, ML may be used as promising medicinal plant for the development of new functional foods, new generation antidiabetic drugs, as a single entity phytomedicine or in combinational therapy.     

Rapid Assessment of Fish Freshness and Quality by <Superscript>1</Superscript>H HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy

A new analytical method that allows the rapid assessment of fish freshness and quality is presented. The method is based on ¹H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy and allows the rapid determination of two well-established indicators of fish freshness and quality: the K value and the trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) content. The method is demonstrated on four different species of fish (sea bream, sea bass, trout, and red mullet) stored on ice at 0 °C. The results obtained are in agreement with more cumbersome methods classically used to determine the K value and the TMA-N concentration. The main advantage of the ¹H HR-MAS NMR approach is to allow a direct measurement of these two parameters directly on unprocessed fish sample without using any preliminary extraction. The total analysis time, including sample preparation, is of the order of 40 min per sample.     

The Comparison of Cinnamomi Cortex and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cinnamomum burmannii</Emphasis> Blume Using <Superscript>1</Superscript>H NMR and GC-MS Combined with Multivariate Data Analysis

Cinnamomi Cortex (CC, rougui) is the stripped trunk bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl (CCP) and commonly is used to treat dyspepsia, gastritis, blood circulation disturbances, and inflammatory diseases. However, Cinnamomum burmannii Blume (CBB), an edible ingredient in food from a different Cinnamomum, sometimes replaces CC due to their similar functions and appearance. To identify and distinguish CC from CBB, we investigated the metabolite differences in polar and non-polar extracts of these species by high-resolution ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed a significantly higher separation in GC-MS analysis (non-polar extracts) than ¹H NMR analysis (polar extracts). One-way ANOVA revealed that polar extracts (acetate, α-glucose, sucrose, glycerol, fructose) and non-polar extracts (trans-cinnamaldehyde, α-copaene, δ-cadinene, 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, (?)-calamenene, α-muurolene, γ-muurolene, α-calacorene, cubenol and α-muurolol) contributed greatly to the comparison of CC and CBB. These results indicate that the ¹H NMR- and GC-MS-based metabolomic approach can effectively differentiate the phytochemical compositions among different species in plants, which in turn could identify important metabolites with known pharmacological activity.     

Use of HR‐NMR to classify propolis obtained using different harvesting methods

Propolis has various biological activities closely related to the composition which varies according to environmental factors and also to the method of production. This study was aimed at determining whether or not HR‐NMR and multivariate statistical analysis were able to classify propolis according to the method used to harvest it. Sixty propolis samples were analysed in all. The ethanolic propolis extracts were initially analysed for quantification of the main bioactive substances, balsams and waxes. The ¹H NMR and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectra were then acquired. Spectral data were analysed by the application of multivariate statistical techniques (Factor Analysis and General Discriminant Analysis). The best results were obtained using the ¹H NMR which furnishes a sufficiently effective model by analysing the spectral region between 4.50 and 13.00 ppm (predictive capacity: 96.7%).     

Online determination of <Superscript>2</Superscript>H/<Superscript>1</Superscript>H and <Superscript>13</Superscript>C/<Superscript>12</Superscript>C isotope ratios of cinnamaldehyde from different sources using gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry

The combination of gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) and gas chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-P-IRMS) is applied to the authenticity assessment of cinnamaldehyde from various sources. For that reason, cinnamon oils were self-prepared by steam distillation from three different varieties of cinnamon bark on the market, C. ceylanicum (ceylon), C. cassia (cassia) and C. burmanii (cassia vera). Furthermore, the so-called wood cinnamon was investigated, which is produced from the outer bark of older branches of cinnamon of minor quality. Self-prepared oils were analysed from commercial cinnamon powder. In addition several commercial samples of cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde, some of them declared to be natural, were investigated. ²_V-SMOW and ¹³C_V-PDB values of cinnamaldehyde were determined and characteristic authenticity ranges were deduced, allowing the differentiation between synthetic and natural samples. By correlation of both the ²_V-SMOW and ¹³C_V-PDB values, characteristic authenticity ranges were defined for ceylon, cassia and wood cinnamon. The ²_V-SMOW and ¹³C_V-PDB values of cassia vera samples are in the range of cassia. By comparing the ²_V-SMOW values of different self-prepared samples (ground bark, distillate) of cinnamon determined by TC/EA-IRMS with the corresponding GC-IRMS values, online GC-IRMS methods are proved to be essential in the authentication of complex natural products.     

Discrimination of young and mature leaves of Melicope ptelefolia using H NMR and multivariate data analysis

The ‘Ulam’, a traditional Malay dish, are plants that can be eaten raw, as a form of local salad. The shoots and young leaves of Melicope ptelefolia are among the popular species, believed to be high in nutritional and medicinal values. The metabolomic fingerprinting analysis of the ethanolic extracts of leaves of M. ptelefolia was carried out using ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis in order to differentiate young and mature leaves and to evaluate the variation of their chemical composition. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the ¹H NMR spectra showed a clear discrimination between the young and mature leaves extracts by PC3 and PC4. The compounds responsible for the differentiation were identified by comparison of ¹H NMR chemical shifts and qualitative HPLC. The young leaves were found to be richer in fatty acids and the levels of the three marker compounds, p-O-geranylcoumaric acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone and 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-prenylacetophenone, were clearly higher. The mature leaves contain higher levels of sugars and glycosidic components.     

Elemental Profile and <Superscript>87</Superscript>Sr/<Superscript>86</Superscript>Sr Isotope Ratio as Fingerprints for Geographical Traceability of Wines: an Approach on Romanian Wines

Wine geographical traceability is an important topic in the context of wine authentication and for that, many researchers worldwide have addressed this subject by developing different methodologies based on multivariate analysis of natural chemical composition data (inorganic or organic parameters) and isotopic signature. The goal of this work was to assess the potential of elemental composition and strontium isotope ratio (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) of wines from important wine-producing regions in Romania, located in relatively small geographical areas, in order to highlight reliable markers for wine geographical origin discrimination. Elemental profile determinations were performed by ICP-MS, GFAAS, and FAAS techniques after microwave acid digestion of the wine samples. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratio of the resulted extracts was determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS), after separating strontium and rubidium using cation-exchange chromatography with Dowex 50W-X8 resin and the complexation ability of the carboxylic acid EDTA. The variation of elemental composition (Ga, Sr, and Al), Ca/Sr ratio, and the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of the investigated wine clearly demonstrated that these variables are suitable tracers for wine geographic origin determination. The proposed methodology allowed a 100 % successful classification of wines according to the region of provenance.     

Metabolite profiling and inhibitory properties of leaf extracts of Ficus benjamina towards α-glucosidase and α-amylase

The use of antioxidant-rich medicinal plants having the potential to reduce oxidative stress and postprandial hyperglycemic pressure is one of the most promising option for the management of diabetes. This study presents information on metabolite profiling and in vitro anti-diabetic effects of leaf extracts of Ficus benjamina. The DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals) assay was performed to determine the in vitro antioxidant potential of the plant extracts. The anti-diabetic effects were investigated by evaluating inhibitory properties of F. benjamina leaf extracts towards carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, i.e., α-glucosidase and α-amylase, whereas ¹H NMR and UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analytical methods were employed for metabolite profiling of F. benjamina leaf extracts. Among 40, 60, 80, and 100% ethanolic leaf extracts of F. benjamina, 80% ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity based upon its DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC₅₀ value: 63.71 ± 2.66 µg/mL). The 80% ethanolic leaf extract of F. benjamina also proved to be the most efficient α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 9.65 ± 1.04 µg/mL and 13.08 ± 1.06 µg/mL, respectively; these values were even better than acarbose with α-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC₅₀ = 116.01 ± 3.83 µg/mL) and α-amylase inhibition activity (IC₅₀ = 152.66 ± 7.32 µg/mL). Moreover, a total of 31 metabolites were identified in F. benjamina leaf extract, which may have the potential to contribute to its antioxidant and inhibitory properties against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. The findings of this study depict F. benjamina leaf extracts as a promising α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor, and therefore, can be utilized for the development of anti-diabetic functional diets/nutra-pharmaceuticals.     

Authenticity control of pistachios based on <Superscript>1</Superscript>H- and <Superscript>13</Superscript>C-NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistics

¹H- and ¹³C-NMR-spectra of pistachio oil from Iran, USA and Turkey were analysed with multivariate statistics in order to classify pistachios according to their countries of origin. The integrals of the resonances of the NMR-spectra contain information about the fatty acid composition of pistachio oil which is supposed to reflect the climatic conditions at the crop area. Consequently, NMR-spectroscopy was thought to be a suitable method for the distinction of those pistachio oils. Cluster analysis was found to lead to a distinction between pistachio samples from Turkey and other countries. Principle component analysis was used to extract components from the data, which primarily contain the information about unsaturated acyl chains in the oil and allowed to assign the samples very well to their respective countries of provenance. Linear discriminant analysis provides similar results with low error rate estimations. It was demonstrated that those data gained by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR-spectroscopy from samples with unknown provenance can be classified by principle component analysis as well as by discriminant analysis.     

Effect of different extraction methods on the recovery of chlorogenic acids,caffeine and Maillard reaction products in coffee beans

Water and ethanolic extracts were obtained from green and roasted (3 different roast degrees) Arabica and Robusta coffee beans. Three types of water extracts were prepared from the examined, finely ground material through: (a) brewing with boiling water, (b) boiling in water, and (c) boiling in water under elevated pressure. All these extracts were lyophilized. Two types of ethanolic extracts were derived from the examined material through (a) extraction of the finely ground coffee beans and (b) extraction of the solid residue that remained after boiling the coffee beans in water under elevated pressure. These ethanolic extracts were dried. Both water and ethanolic extracts were analyzed for concentration of potential antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids and caffeine (by HPLC) and Maillard reaction products (measurements of absorbance at 420 nm). Concentration of chlorogenic acids in Robusta extracts varied between 0.4 and 36.0 g × 100 g⁻¹ dry extract weight (db.), while in Arabica extracts it ranged from 0.1 to 22.4 g × 100 g⁻¹ db. Extracts of dark roasted Arabica contained more chlorogenic acids than those of Robusta. Concentration of caffeine, which in green and roasted coffee beans is maintained at the similar level, tended to increase in Robusta extracts with the roast degree and temperature of extraction with water, while in case of Arabica extracts there was no noticeable tendency. Caffeine concentrations varied between 0.12 and 8.41 g × 100 g⁻¹ db. and between 0.03 and 6.53 g × 100 g⁻¹ db. in Robusta and Arabica extracts, respectively. Ethanolic extracts were characterized by relatively higher caffeine concentrations and lower contents of brown pigments and chlorogenic acids as compared to water extracts. The richest in antioxidants were extracts of green Robusta coffee beans derived through boiling in water under elevated pressure.     

Amperometric Photosensor Based on Acridine Orange/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> for Chlorogenic Acid Determination in Food Samples

The authors describe a novel sensor for chlorogenic acid (CGA) detection/quantification in food samples. The photosensor is based on a composite of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and acridine orange (AO). The synergism between AO and TiO₂ was revealed under visible LED light irradiation by high photocurrents for CGA, when compared to each component of the composite material. A detection limit of 0.54 μmol L^?1 and a linear response range from 2 to 200 μmol L^?1 for CGA detection were achieved. The selectivity of the sensor was tested by using common interferents on samples containing chlorogenic acid and results suggested that there is no significant interference in the analyte response, indicating a good selectivity. Finally, the photosensor was successfully applied in the determination of CGA in samples of coffee, tea, and apple juice, with recoveries ranging from 100.9 to 102.4%, suggesting a good accuracy for the proposed method.     

Determination of Arsenic in Fruit Juices Using <Emphasis>I</Emphasis>nductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry <Emphasis>(ICP-MS/MS)</Emphasis>

Reports from the US media have raised the attention towards a possible contamination of apple juices by As. The study here described presents the development of an analytical procedure using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) for determination of As in apple and orange juices commercialized in the Tetra Pack^® package. The microwave-assisted acid digestion of juice was carried out using closed vessels and 2 mol/L HNO₃ plus H₂O₂. These conditions are favorable for a better analytical blank control. Suitable recoveries were reached when promoting reaction with O₂ inside the octopole reaction system (ORS³), and the monitoring of ⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺ significantly improved the accuracy of the analysis reaching a limit of detection of 0.013 μg/L. Recoveries varied from 88 to 109 % in the MS/MS mass-shift mode. The As concentrations determined in fruit juices ranged from 0.126 to 1.45 μg/L, and they were significantly lower than the maximum tolerable limits imposed by the US and Brazilian legislations. Thus, ICP-MS/MS operated in the reaction mode was an effective instrumental strategy for overcoming spectral interferences, such as ⁴⁰Ar³⁵Cl⁺, in As determination as ⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺ and allowed the accurate determination of As at trace levels.     

Antioxidative Effect of Seaweed Extracts in Chilled Storage of Minced Atlantic Mackerel (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber scombrus</Emphasis>): Effect on Lipid and Protein Oxidation

In this study, antioxidant activity of absolute ethanol, 50 % ethanol and water extracts of two species of seaweeds namely, Fucus serratus and Polysiphonia fucoides were evaluated for their ability to retard lipid and protein oxidation in minced mackerel. Mackerel mince added with 0.5 g/kg of extracts was prepared. For comparison, BHT at 0.2 g/kg and a control with no added extracts were also prepared. The samples were stored at 5 °C for 8 days, and sampling was done at time 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 and 8 days. The 50 % ethanolic extracts of P. fucoides were found to be very effective in retarding lipid and protein oxidation, as it resulted in low levels of peroxide value, volatiles and carbonyl compounds and protected against the loss of α-tocopherol and tryptophan residues. In spite of the higher phenolic content, the absolute ethanol extracts of both species showed a pro-oxidative tendency in minced mackerel. Water extract with lowest phenolic content showed no antioxidant effect in minced mackerel. In conclusion, the 50 % ethanolic extracts of P. fucoides can be a potential source of natural antioxidants, as these extracts have antioxidant activities similar to synthetic antioxidants such as BHT. However, the extent of protection offered by these extracts against protein oxidation was not clear and further studies are needed to understand the nature of the interaction between proteins and these extracts.     

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ficus sycomorus</Emphasis> tannin using ATR-FT MIR,MALDI-TOF MS and <Superscript>13</Superscript>C NMR methods

The Ficus sycomorus bark tannin was extracted and characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Middle Infrared (ATR-FT MIR) spectra in the 1800 and 600 cm^?1 range, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹³C NMR) spectroscopy methods. Ficus sycomorus species have a very high percentage (46%) yield of tannin. These three characterization methods have shown that the Ficus sycomorus bark tannin is condensed and particularly a procyanidin type. It is composed of quercetin, apigenin, fisetinidin, catechin, gallocatechin, chalcone, radicinin, catechin gallate units with the presence of carbohydrates, quinone and gallic acid residues. The analysis results revealed that quercetin are the major constituents of Ficus sycomorus bark tannin. This procyanidin type tannin can give good wood adhesives.     

Chemometrics-Enhanced Micelle-Mediated Extraction Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cu<Superscript>2+</Superscript> and Zn<Superscript>2+</Superscript> in Medicinal Plant,Rice and Water Samples Using Continuous Wavelet Transform

A new micelle-mediated extraction method for the pre-concentration of trace amounts of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ as a prior step to their simultaneous spectrophotometric determination has been developed in various samples. The analytes were complexed with new synthesized ligand 4,4′-((4-chlorophenyl)methylene)bis(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol) (CPBMPY) and Triton X-100 was added as a extraction agent. The optimal reaction and extraction conditions were optimized and the analytical characteristics of the method were obtained. The detection limit of the method was 0.90 and 0.30 ng mL^?1 for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺, respectively. Continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) of visible spectra as a very simple and accurate method was developed for the simultaneous determination of binary mixtures of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions. A zero-crossing technique was applied on the transformed signals and the constructed calibrations were tested by analyzing the composition of the different binary mixtures. The proposed procedure successfully was applied to analysis of water, rice, and medicinal plant and reference material samples. The amounts of metal ions obtained by the proposed methods were in good agreement with those obtained by Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.     

Determination of 6-Benzylaminopurine and Hg<Superscript>2+</Superscript> in Bean Sprouts and Drinking Mineral Water by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

A novel method for the determination of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) in bean sprouts and Hg²⁺ in drinking mineral water by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was described. 6-BA exhibits obvious SERS signal by using the substrate of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and the presence of Hg²⁺ could cause the decrease of SERS signal of 6-BA. The effects of type of aggregation agent, type and level of pH buffer solution, amount of AgNPs, mixing time, concentration of 6-BA, and reaction time on the SERS signals were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, good linear responses were obtained for 6-BA and Hg²⁺ in the concentration ranges of 10–200 μg L^?1 and 5–200 μg L^?1, respectively. By the present method, the limits of detection (LODs) for the determination of 6-BA and Hg²⁺ are 3.3 and 0.20 μg L^?1, and the recoveries of 6-BA and Hg²⁺ in spiked samples are 85.5–113.0 % and 98.2–111.5 %, respectively.     

Quality Enhancement of Chilled Fish by Including Alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bifurcaria bifurcata</Emphasis> Extract in the Icing Medium

Bifurcaria bifurcata is a widely extended brown macroalga, whose antimicrobial and antioxidant properties have previously been described. In this study, ethanolic extracts of B. bifurcata were included in the icing medium employed for the chilled storage of megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis). For it, two different concentrations of this brown macroalga extract (0.67 and 2.50 g lyophilized alga L^?1 aqueous solution; B-1 and B-2 batches, respectively) were tested for a 14-day storage. The effect of the alga extract was compared with a counterpart batch stored in traditional ice prepared only from water (B-0 batch). Significant (p < 0.05) inhibitions of microbial activity (aerobes, psychrotrophs, lipolytic bacteria, proteolytic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae) as well as of pH and trimethylamine formation were observed as a result of the incorporation of the alga extract in the icing medium, being this effect especially relevant in the B-2 batch. Concerning lipid damage development, a significantly (p < 0.05) lower formation of free fatty acids (lipid hydrolysis development) and of fluorescent compounds (tertiary lipid oxidation development) in samples corresponding to both alga-including batches could also be observed; this inhibitory effect was more intense in fish belonging to the B-2 batch. The icing medium proposed in this work constitutes a promising strategy in order to apply algae extracts to enhance fish quality retention during the different steps of storage and commercialization of marine species.     

Geographical Origin Discrimination of Oolong Tea (TieGuanYin, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia sinensis</Emphasis> (L.) O. Kuntze) Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

A total of 90 oolong tea samples were collected from three different growing places in the Fujian province of China. Both proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) were used to analyze the collected tea samples. With the aid of chemometric methods, differential components in ¹H NMR data and characteristic wavenumbers from NIR spectra were identified. Since NMR and NIR provide complementary information for tea samples, data fusion was carried out by combining ¹H NMR and NIR spectra of the collected tea sample. Experimental results showed that a better discrimination accuracy of geographical origins of oolong tea could be achieved by combining NMR and NIR data (86.2–95.8%), as compared to using NMR data (68.2–78.7%) or NIR data (80.0–89.3%) alone. The current data suggested that a combination of NMR and NIR methods could serve as an efficient way for geographical origin discrimination and qualitative control of oolong tea.     

Discrimination between Arabica and Robusta green coffee using visible micro Raman spectroscopy and chemometric analysis

We have applied visible micro Raman spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) as a powerful technique for the fast discrimination between the two coffee species, Arabica and Robusta, based on their chlorogenic acid (CGA) and lipid contents. The Raman spectra reveal different CGA and lipid compositions when comparing Arabica and Robusta green coffee. Analysing the whole Raman spectrum, the PCA yielded a clear separation between Arabica and Robusta with 93% of the total spectral variation. Here, the most significant spectral range lies between 1000 and 1750 cm⁻¹ and is dominated by the Raman bands of CGA. Also, by restricting the PCA analysis to the spectral range from 2700 to 3050 cm⁻¹, which is dominated by lipid bands, a reliable discrimination between the two coffee species could be achieved. In this case, the first two principal components of the PCA accounted for 85% of the explained total spectral variation.