Constructing a Service: Context and Discourse in Housing Management

The intention of this paper is to make a theoretical contribution to the understanding of housing management as practised in the UK. Drawing on social theory, the paper examines the wider context within which housing management operates, and suggests that it is only through unravelling this context that the ambiguities and uncertainties of direction which characterise housing management can be explained. A framework is constructed which attempts to elucidate this context in terms of its constituent elements: the structural-the ideologies, values and beliefs held by society; the institutional-the activities and attitudes of institutions and agents; the organisational-pertaining to the organisation of housing management; the operational-the situations with which housing management has to contend on the ground; and the intersubjective-the way in which the delivery of the service is interpreted by those on the front line. Each of these is examined in turn, exposing the contradictions and discourses which are implicated in the construction of housing management. The result is a situation of complexity in which housing management is put in the position of having to reconcile and mediate between conflicting messages if it is to fulfil what is arguably its aim, of delivering a consistent and coherent service.     

运用项目管理方法指导物业管理走出困境

近十年来,项目管理已越来越引起了人们的重视和关心,项目管理理论在我国工程技术、工程管理领域中得到了普及和推广.     

Regional Housing Figures in England: Policy,Politics and Ownership

This paper critiques the process of arriving at housing allocation figures for development planning in England, focusing upon regional debates. It considers the balance struck between policy (national) considerations and (local) political priorities, illustrated through two case studies: the East of England (and RPG14) and the English North West (and RPG13). These particular regions exemplify the dual poles of current planning policy in relation to housing provision: avoiding over-supply in the north of England and delivering managed growth in the south. The paper concludes by looking at ‘ownership’ of regional and county figures, at the excesses of central intervention, and at how such interventions run contrary to government's own philosophy for planning for housing in England.     

荷兰住房协会——社会住房建设和管理的非政府模式

荷兰社会住房比例在全欧洲最高,其社会住房主要由住房协会建设和管理.文章追溯了住房协会的发展历程以及对荷兰政府不同住房政策的反应,总结了住房协会的双重二元特征:私人机构但是却承担了公共责任,是资金来源于政府的NGO组织.在1990年代资金独立之后,公共使命和从事市场活动成为了住房协会新的特征.文章还分析了住房协会在与政府、协会之间以及居民的关系中所扮演的的不同角色,反映了其各项职能.此外,对荷兰住房协会管理的模式进行了总结和反思,以期对我国的保障性住房建设提供借鉴和思考.     

Exploring Change in the Housing Association Sector in England Using the Delphi Method

This paper uses the Delphi method as a way of studying organisational and sector change. It provides a brief introduction to Delphi, its application to public management and its relevance to research on the transformation of social housing. It then describes an application to research on the future shape and structure of the housing association sector in England. The method is used to clarify areas of consensus and divergence, and to identify differences between types of association and key trends in sector transformation. Conclusions are presented on changing sector identity, governance, spatial level of operations, organisational scale and organisational form and on learning from this application of the Delphi method.     

Property Agents,Housing Markets and Housing Services in Transitional Urban China

This study examines the particular role, services and functions of property agents in the housing markets in mainland China. Since the implementation of housing market reforms, cities on the Chinese mainland have transferred from a centrally-directed, welfare-oriented housing system to a more decentralized, market-based one. Commodification of housing has expanded the opportunity of new market intermediaries to service the growing urban housing markets. Yet there appears to be little research on these agents, which bear similarity in name, but not exactly in operation, to those in a market society. Based upon insights from new institutional economics, this study examines how the existing institutions in China have constrained and facilitated their services in the housing transaction process. This micro-analytical study provides a different means towards understanding the market transformation of a socialist housing system.     

早期介入对物业管理的作用

１概述目前大多数开发商只是负责初期的土地开发，建筑物、道路以及市政配套设施的建造，有关专业部门完成水、电、煤的铺设，而物业公司则接收完工后的物业。由于物业管理人员早期没有参加物业的规划和生产过程，不了解建造前的周边环境，建筑物的结构，水电煤管线的走向和各部门之间的协调关系。在物业管理中，往往对发生问题难以及时处理，造成业主、使用人的不便，甚至引发了许多民事纠纷诉之司法部门。如何将纠纷减少到最低限度，使业主安居乐业，笔者认为：早期介入可大大降低纠纷的发生和改进物业管理的质量。物业管理早期介入，指开…     

Housing Policy in England since 1975: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Over the past 30 years the housing system in England (and the rest of the UK) has undergone fundamental changes. This Special Issue of Housing Studies is based upon a major recent evaluation of English housing policy 1975–2000. This introductory paper outlines the aims and objectives of the evaluation, and its principal conclusions. It also sketches out the broader social and economic context for the evaluation, and provides a brief introduction to the substantive papers included in the Special Issue. These papers were selected to reflect the breadth of topics considered in the evaluation, and to represent the key housing policy debates and dilemmas that have contemporary resonance as well as historical significance.     

The Supply-Side Modernisation of Social Housing in England: Analysing Mechanics,Trends and Consequences

The past 30 years have seen England's housing associations (HAs) transformed from marginal players in the wider housing market to a point where, in 2008, they overtook local authorities as majority social housing providers. This paper reviews theoretical perspectives on the evolution of the UK social housing and the rise of HAs since the 1970s, with a particular focus on the ‘modernisation’ thesis advanced by Malpass & Victory (2010). Against this backdrop, we analyse the sector's recent reconfiguration, integrating the impacts of housing stock transfers and HA mergers. Our analysis focuses on the consequences of sector restructuring in terms of organisational homogenisation and, at least as perceived, the growing dominance of giant landlords. Finally, within the context of the Coalition Government's localism rhetoric, we discuss the accountability implications of restructuring activity and the light our analysis sheds on theoretical understandings of social housing change processes.     

论限价房的定义、性质与判断标准

界定了四组概念,并认为判断限价房必须根据限价房的价格形成方式、销售对象、上市条件和政府组织四个标准。虽然限价房是住房保障制度的创新,但是存在着价格波动风险、品质风险、销售风险。限价房的功能主要是完善公共住房体系、完善供给结构、满足部分住房需求和平抑房价,不同地方住房压力不同,限价房功能发挥的侧重点也应不同。     

The housing problems of employees: Housing markets, policy issues and responses in England

The paper presents empirical evidence from an exploratory survey of employees in one case study company. It illustrates how the deregulation of the housing and labour markets in England has impacted on the company employees to produce a range of welfare housing problems. These welfare housing problems were experienced by relatively affluent home-owning employees, though were concentrated amongst lower-income households, those spending a larger proportion of their income on housing costs and renters. These problems disrupted employees’ home life and work in diverse ways with knock-on effects into their company and the economy. Other companies surveyed in the research offered employees advice, where they had the capacity. However, there was a reluctance amongst employees to report problems because of growing perceptions of insecurity in employment. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for additional state intervention in housing policy. This need goes beyond that recently announced by the Labour government which focuses upon the regeneration of council housing. New policies are needed to regulate the housing market and to provide information to government and its agencies to develop a greater understanding of local housing markets.     

Housing Market Renewal in Liverpool: Locating the Gentrification Debate in History,Context and Evidence

This paper places the Housing Market Renewal programme in Liverpool in its historical context, highlighting a mismatch between the supply and demand for housing which has existed for four decades. This disequilibrium produced an environment where successive waves of neighbourhood abandonment occurred from the late 1970s despite significant public policy interventions. The implementation of the Housing Market Renewal programme has stimulated a debate about the extent to which the public sector interventions are leading to the gentrification of poor neighbourhoods. The paper finds that there is no evidence of gentrification in older neighbourhoods, however, inflows of capital rather than middle-class residents have altered the physical development of the city to an extent that the housing choices of all income groups have been affected. The paper concludes that critical gentrification research should take account of historical development and wider housing market change to remain relevant to the debate about the changing social and economic structure of cities.     

完善上海商品住宅物业管理的对策和建议

分析了当前上海住宅小区物业管理中存在着诸多管理活动与实际状态不相适应的问题,并针对存在的问题进行了分析,提出了相应的解决的措施与建议。     

Implicit Land Taxation and Affordable Housing Provision in England

The paper considers the proposal in England that a continuing requirement for residential developers to contribute directly to the supply of affordable housing in return for planning permission should operate alongside a new tax on land value increases due to planning permission. The paper asks whether it is right in principle for affordable housing to be supported by the implicit taxation of development. It is argued that in terms of transparency, clarity, and certainty explicit taxation is to be preferred to implicit taxation. It is thus suggested that once the new explicit tax is in place developers should no longer be routinely required to pay an additional implicit affordable housing tax. Affordable housing should, it is argued, be supported on the basis of need, not the resources available from the development process. The link between the provision of affordable housing and planning obligations should be broken.     

芬兰和英国的产业化钢结构住宅

鉴于欧洲钢结构住宅发展较早、产业化水平较高,本文重点介绍了芬兰和英国的轻钢住宅产业化特点。芬兰传统的住宅 类型为别墅住宅,本文从住宅体系、轻钢住宅的制作安装、住宅的节能及造价等几个方面分析了芬兰的产业化轻钢住宅 现状。与芬兰的产业化轻钢住宅相比,英国的轻钢住宅在体系及住宅的施工方面也有一些自己的特色,特别是模块化住 宅体系的应用。     

Local Authority Housing Stock Transfer in the UK: From Local Initiative to National Policy

Since 1988 stock transfer has been transformed from a local initiative into a central part of government policy for housing in the UK. It began as a largely rural and suburban phenomenon, generating substantial capital receipts, but has also become a vehicle for the regeneration of rundown urban estates. The trajectory of this process has continued to be rapid despite changes in government and devolution of housing policy in the late 1990s. This paper traces the development of the process in some detail, considering policy origins and antecedents, the emergence of national policy and its rolling out to embrace a wider range of circumstances. The impact of the policy is considered more briefly, reviewing the impact on the non-profit housing sector, on local authorities and on the key policy issues of rents and access to housing. Future prospects are reviewed in a concluding section.     

Demands,Expectations and Responses: The Shaping of Housing Management

There have recently been a number of claims that housing research is too much driven by the agendas of professionals and policy-makers, and that it should aim to be more conceptually focused through utilising analytical and interpretative methodologies. This paper represents an attempt to provide such an analytical and interpretative approach to one area of housing research, namely housing management as practised in the UK. The paper first examines the structural context of housing management, specifically the implications of the current social and legislative climate, before moving on to an analysis based on an Economic and Social Research Council funded project on the social construction of the occupational role of housing management. Both secondary sources and interview data are drawn on to show how there are multiple constructions of housing management, and that these reflect and reproduce institutional, organisational and personal responses to the demands and expectations placed on the delivery of housing management.