低温制备高质量多晶硅薄膜技术及其应用

多晶硅薄膜是集晶体硅材料和非晶硅氢合金薄膜优点于一体,在能源科学、信息科学的微电子技术中有广泛应用的一种新型功能材料。本文综述低温（＜600℃）制备高质量多晶硅薄膜技术的研究进展及其应用,着重讨论用等离子体化学气相沉积（PECVD）硅基薄膜固相晶化制备多晶硅技术及其在薄膜硅太阳能电池上的应用。     

用于HIT太阳能电池的本征非晶硅薄膜

带本征薄层的异质结（HIT）太阳能电池要求本征非晶硅薄膜具有生长速率低，暗电导大，光学带隙宽的特点。采用等离子增强化学气相沉积（PECVD）制备符合HIT太阳能电池要求的本征非晶硅薄膜，并通过分析薄膜的透射光谱，采用Tauc法计算了薄膜的光学带隙，为约1．87eV，衬底温度为180℃，放电功率为80W时获得的薄膜性能最佳。     

射频功率对非晶硅薄膜光电性能的影响

采用等离子体辅助化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术,在Coming Eg 2000玻璃上制备非晶硅薄膜,研究了射频功率对薄膜光电性能的影响.结果表明:通过调节功率可获得具有高折射率,高吸收系数,低暗电导率的非晶硅薄膜.     

掺硼纳米非晶硅的太阳能电池窗口层应用研究

本文通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法沉积p型纳米非晶硅薄膜(na-si:H),系统地研究了掺杂气体比(B2H6/SIH4)、沉积温度、射频电源功率对薄膜结构、光学、电学性能的影响.研究表明,轻掺硼有利于非晶硅薄膜晶化,但随着掺硼量的增加,硼的"毒化"作用又使薄膜变为非晶态;与p型a_si:H相比,掺硼纳米硅薄膜的光学带隙Eopt较高,电导率较高,电导激活能较低,是一种很有潜力的太阳能电池窗口层材料.     

PECVD法制备非晶硅薄膜及光电性能研究

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积（PECVD）方法在玻璃衬底上制备出非晶硅薄膜,利用正交试验法对射频功率、气体总压、硅烷比例、沉积时间、退火温度、退火时间因素进行了研究,对透过率和电阻率进行了分析,结果表明,采用PECVD法成功制备出非晶硅薄膜。正交实验表的分析得知,气体总压对透过率影响最大;硅烷比例对电阻率影响最大。制备非晶硅薄膜的优化条件为：射频功率30W、气体总压100Pa,硅烷5％、沉积时间5min、退火温度300℃、退火时间45min。非晶硅薄膜的光透过率93．18％,电阻率为13．238kΩ·cm。     

等离子增强型化学气相沉积条件对氮化硅薄膜性能的影响

等离子增强型化学气相沉积(PECVD)氮化硅技术是目前半导体器件在合金化后低温生长氮化硅的唯一方法.研究了由进口PECVD设备制备的氮化硅薄膜性质与沉积条件的关系,测定了生成膜的各种物理化学性能,详细探讨了各种沉积参数对薄膜性能的影响,提出了沉积优质氮化硅薄膜的工艺条件.     

用于制备ZnO薄膜的金属有机化学气相沉积设备的研制

介绍了一种制备ZnO薄膜的金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)设备,制备的ZnO薄膜主要用作太阳能电池的背反射电极。该设备的极限压力可达5×10-5 Pa,膜厚均匀性偏差在5%以内,薄膜电阻率约为10-2Ω.cm。本文叙述了设备的用途,技术性能,工作过程和结构特点。并对ZnO薄膜的电阻率与参加反应的水蒸汽流量的关系进行了简单介绍。     

GZO厚度对非晶硅电池中复合背电极的影响

在非晶硅太阳能电池中加入复合背电极是提高非晶硅太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性的有效手段.本文利用磁控溅射技术在非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池上制备了ZnO :Ga(GZO)/Al复合背电极,研究了GZO厚度对GZO薄膜光电性质及非晶硅电池中GZO/Al复合背电极性能的影响.研究表明：随着GZO层厚度的增加,GZO薄膜的光电性质均表现出较高水平,适合制备GZO/Al复合背电极;相较于单层Al背电极的非晶硅太阳能电池,具有GZO/Al复合背电极的太阳能电池性能大幅提高.当GZO层厚度为100 nm时,太阳能电池的短路电流(I_SC)、开路电压(V_OC)和填充因子(FF)分别达到8.66 mA,1.62 V和54.7%.     

太阳能硅薄膜电池的研究进展

阐述了太阳能电池发电原理和硅系太阳能薄膜电池（单晶硅、多晶硅和非晶硅）的结构、基本原理和特点。介绍了硅系太阳能薄膜电池的发展现状,同时对其优缺点进行了比较,并分析了硅系太阳能薄膜电池的发展前景。     

等离子体增强化学气相沉积可控制备石墨烯研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

石墨烯具有超薄的结构、优异的光学和电学等性能,在晶体管、太阳能电池、超级电容器和传感器等领域具有极大的应用潜能。为更好地发展实际应用,高质量石墨烯的可控制备研究尤为重要。等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术具有低温和原位生长的优势,成为未来石墨烯制备方面较具潜力的发展方向之一。本文综述了PECVD技术制备石墨烯的发展,重点讨论了PECVD过程中等离子体能量、生长温度、生长基底和生长压力对石墨烯形核及生长的作用,概述了PECVD制备石墨烯的形核及聚结机制、刻蚀和边缘生长竞争两种不同机制,并指出PECVD技术制备石墨烯面临的挑战及发展。在未来的研究中,需突破对石墨烯形核及生长的控制,实现低温原位的大尺寸、高质量石墨烯薄膜的可控制备,为PECVD基石墨烯器件在电子等领域的应用奠定基础。     

柔性聚酰亚胺衬底非晶硅薄膜太阳电池空间可靠性研究

重点分析了柔性聚酰亚胺衬底非晶硅太阳电池的结构、材料和工艺特点,认为非晶硅薄膜制备工艺和材料本身、聚酰亚胺以及其他封装材料是影响柔性聚酰亚胺衬底非晶硅太阳电池可靠性的关键因素。研究了这些关键材料的典型失效模式及其对柔性聚酰亚胺衬底非晶硅太阳电池可靠性的影响。初步探讨了提高电池空间可靠性的新工艺和新材料。     

双纳米硅p层优化非晶硅太阳能电池

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition,PECVD)技术在高功率密度、高反应气压和低衬底温度下制备出不同氢稀释比RH的硅薄膜.高分辨透射电镜(High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy,HRT...     

晶体硅薄膜电池制备技术及研究现状

晶体硅薄膜太阳电池近些年来得到广泛的研究和初步的商业化探索。根据所采用的晶体硅薄膜沉积工艺中温度范围的不同，晶体硅薄膜电池研究可分为高温路线和低温路线两个不同发展方向。本文分别从这两个方向综述了目前国外晶体硅薄膜电池制备技术的最新进展，最新实验室研究结果。报导了晶体硅薄膜电池商业化进展状况，指出了晶体硅薄膜电池实现产业化必须解决的问题。     

TCAD simulations for thin film solar cells with nanoplate structures

The novel thin film solar cell with a nanoplate structure that can solve the conflict between the light absorption and the carrier transport in amorphous silicon thin film solar cell was investigated by TCAD simulations. This new structure has n-type amorphous silicon nanoplate array on the substrate, and p-type amorphous silicon-carbon as window layer and intrinsic amorphous silicon as absorption layer are sequentially grown along the surface of each n-type amorphous silicon nanoplate. Under AM 1.5 G sunlight illumination, the light is absorbed along the vertical direction of nanoplate while the carrier transport is along the horizontal direction. Therefore, nanoplate with the larger height can absorb most of the sunlight. The advantage of this novel structure is that the thickness of the solar cell can be used as thin as possible for effective transport of photo-generated carriers in comparison with the planer one.     

氢稀释比对氢化硅薄膜两相结构和电学性能的影响

通过改变氢气对硅烷的稀释比R, 采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法制备出具有非晶/微晶相变过渡区的氢化硅薄膜, 并研究了所得硅膜在不同沉积阶段的微观结构和形貌、晶化效果和电学性能。研究结果表明, 当R=10时, 样品呈典型的非晶特性; 随着氢稀释比的增大, 薄膜表现出两相结构, 且衬底表面处的非晶过渡层逐渐减薄, 也即非晶向微晶的转变提前。但XRD结果显示, 硅膜的晶化率和平均晶粒尺寸随着R的增加呈先增后减的趋势, 在R=28.6时达到最大值。另外, 暗电导率和载流子浓度表现出了与晶化率一样的变化趋势, 显示出硅膜的电学性能与微观结构的高度正相关性。     

非晶硅太阳电池窗口层材料掺硼非晶金刚石的研究

以固态掺杂方式利用过滤阴极真空电弧技术制备掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜, 获得性能优良的宽带隙p型半导体材料, 再利用等离子增强化学气相沉积技术制备p-i-n结构非晶硅太阳电池的本征层和n型层, 最终制成以掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜为窗口层的非晶硅太阳电池. 利用Lambda950紫外-可见光分光光度计表征薄膜的光学带隙, 并测试电池开路电压、短路电流、填充因子以及转化效率等参数, 再分析电池的光谱响应特性. 实验表明, 掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜的光学带隙(～2.0eV)比p型非晶硅更宽, 以掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜用作非晶硅太阳电池的窗口层, 能够改善电池的光谱响应特征, 并提高转化效率达10%以上.     

Roll to roll fabrication of thin film silicon solar cells on nano-textured substrates

ECN is developing a novel fabrication process for thin film silicon solar cells on steel foil. Key features in this process are: (1) application of an insulating barrier layer which enables monolithic interconnection and texturization of the rear contact with submicron structures for light trapping; (2) Si deposition with remote, linear PECVD; (3) series interconnection by laser scribing and printing after deposition of all layers, which reduces the total number of process steps. The barrier layer is essential for the monolithic series interconnection of cells, but we show that it also enables optimum light trapping in the solar cells. We can fabricate any arbitrary sub-micron surface profile by hot embossing the barrier layer. For deposition of doped and intrinsic silicon layers we use novel remote, linear plasma sources, which are excellently suited for continuous roll-to-roll processing. We have been able to fabricate device-quality amorphous and microcrystalline silicon layers with these sources. The first nip a-Si cells were made on steel substrates with flat barrier layer and had initial efficiencies of 6.3%, showing the potential of the concept.     

Amorphous silicon carbide thin films (a-SiC:H) deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition as protective coatings for harsh environment applications

We investigated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) as protective coatings for harsh environment applications. The influence of the deposition parameters on the film properties was studied. Stoichiometric films with a low tensile stress after annealing (< 50 MPa) were obtained with optimized parameters. The stability of a protective coating consisting of a PECVD amorphous silicon oxide layer (a-SiO_x) and of an a-SiC:H layer was investigated through various aging experiments including annealing at high temperatures, autoclave testing and temperature cycling in air/water vapor environment. A platinum-based high-temperature metallization scheme deposited on oxidized Si substrates was used as a test vehicle. The a-SiO_x/a-SiC:H stack showed the best performance when compared to standard passivation materials as amorphous silicon oxide or silicon nitride coatings.     

Large-area SnO2: F thin films by offline APCVD

In this paper, we reported the successful preparation of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films on large-area glass substrates (1245 mm × 635 mm × 3 mm) by self-designed offline atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) process. The FTO thin films were achieved through a combinatorial chemistry approach using tin tetrachloride, water and oxygen as precursors and Freon (F-152, C2H4F2) as dopant. The deposited films were characterized for crystallinity, morphology (roughness) and sheet resistance to aid optimization of materials suitable for solar cells. We got the FTO thin films with sheet resistance 8-11 Ω/□ and direct transmittance more than 83%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization suggested that the as-prepared FTO films were composed of multicrystal, with the average crystal size 200-300 nm and good crystallinity. Further more, the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that the films were produced with good surface morphology (haze). Selected samples were used for manufacturing tandem amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film solar cells and modules by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Compared with commercially available FTO thin films coated by online chemical vapor deposition, our FTO coatings show excellent performance resulting in a high quantum efficiency yield for a-Si:H solar cells and ideal open voltage and short circuit current for a-Si:H solar modules.