有机阳离子插层蒙脱土改性脲醛树脂的制备与性能研究

使用有机阳离子溴化铵盐对蒙脱土进行有机化处理,用插层法制备了酚醛树脂/蒙脱土杂化树脂,对不同蒙脱土含量的复合材料在静曲强度、内结合强度和甲醛释放量方面与纯酚醛树脂进行比较。结果表明,经有机阳离子溴化铵盐处理的蒙脱土与酚醛树脂具有良好的相容性;纳米蒙脱土通过插层处理变为有机纳米蒙脱土后,能显著改善脲醛树脂的综合性能,用其生产的胶合板、中密度纤维板的内结合强度提高40%以上,静曲强度提高15%以上。     

熔融插层法制备聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

综述了熔融插层法制备聚合物,蒙脱土纳米复合材料的新进展。熔融插层法制备聚合物,蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有设备简单、无单体限制和不需要溶剂的优点,并从热力学角度探讨了熔融插层法制备聚合物,蒙脱土纳米复合材料的不足以及改进措施。     

SBS/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及其性能Ⅱ.复合材料的性能

分别采用大分子溶液插层法和大分子熔融插层法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（SBS）／蒙脱土纳米复合材料．研究了材料的力学性能。纳米结构的形成对复合材料的性能产生显著影响,少量蒙脱士的引入可以明显改善SBS／蒙脱土复合材料的力学性能。无论溶液插层法制备的星型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,还是熔融插层法制备的线型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都同时增加。其中,溶液插层法制备的纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了75％和55％;熔融法制备的纳米复合材料的托伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了70％和18％。     

酚醛树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

采用阳离子交换的方法对蒙脱土进行了有机化处理，使蒙脱土由亲水性变成亲油性，并且使其层间距由原来的1．48nm扩大到2．33nm。采用X射线衍射仪研究了有机蒙脱土在酚醛树脂中的剥离行为，制备了酚醛树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料并测试了其层间剪切性能和烧蚀性能。实验结果表明，酚醛树脂与有机蒙脱土的相容性好，蒙脱土在酚醛树脂中完全剥离；酚醛树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的层间剪切性能和烧蚀性能与纯酚醛树脂固化物相比有不同程度的提高和改善。     

物理插层复合在聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备中的应用

描述了物理插层复合的热力学原理,介绍了插层复合中插层剂的种类和聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的表征方法。综述了近年来国内外应用溶液插层和熔融插层两种物理插层法制备聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的具体实例。     

原位悬浮聚合制备酸性酚醛树脂 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料

在酸性催化剂作用下,采用悬浮聚合的方法制备了酸性酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。XRD和TEM的实验结果表明该材料结构为部分剥离、部分插层型,即一部分蒙脱土被剥离为单层,而另一部分为几个片层的聚集体。     

环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与剥离机理研究进展

阐述了蒙脱土的性质及其在基体树脂中的剥离机理、环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法。原位插层复合法是制备环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料最常用的方法；有机改性剂、固化剂及固化条件会对蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的剥离与插层行为产生影响；环氧单体聚合过程中产生的弹性力是使蒙脱土片层发生剥离的主要原因。重点介绍了近几年来制备高度剥离型纳米复合材料的方法和工艺，指出蒙脱土在复合材料中的完全均匀剥离仍然是现阶段有待解决的关键问题。     

PA6/蒙脱土熔融插层复合材料结构与性能分析

通过熔融共混法插层复合制备了聚酰胺(PN)6／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，测试了力学性能并对不同蒙脱土含量的PA 6／蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行了对比。实验表明，通过熔融插层可使PN 6基体插层于蒙脱土中，所得到的复合材料的性能较PN 6有很大提高。蒙脱土特殊的层状结构使得利用熔融共混在机械力的作用下插层到纳米级复合材料成为可能。     

SBS纳米复合材料的制备研究现状

介绍目前国内外SBS纳米复合材料的研究现状，重点介绍用蒙脱土和白泥制备SBS纳米复合材料的原理和方法，包括蒙脱土和白泥的精制改性、蒙脱土与高聚物的复合方法、复合熔融插层法和溶液插层法蒙脱土／SBS纳米复合材料的制备以及改性白泥和改性纳米层状白泥／SBS纳米复合材料的制备。指出制备耐热聚合物纳米粒子对SBS进行填充改性或采用纳米复合技术在SBS中引入纳米无机相进行增强反应是SBS纳米复合材料的研究方向。     

用乳液插层法制备丙烯酸丁酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料

用乳液插层法制备了丙烯酸丁酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料。先将钠基蒙脱土有机化,然后用乳液聚合法反应制得纳米复合材料。X射线衍射分析表明,蒙脱土有机化后层间距增大,季铵盐插层进入蒙脱土层间,乳液聚合后层间距进一步增大,聚丙烯酸丁酯插层到蒙脱土层间,得到丙烯酸丁酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料。动态力学分析表明,复合材料的储能模量大大提高,损耗因子几乎不变。     

Intercalation and exfoliation behavior of epoxy resin/curing agent/montmorillonite nanocomposite

The epoxy resin/curing agent/montmorillonite nanocomposite was prepared by a casting and curing process. The intercalation and exfoliation behaviors of epoxy resin in the presence of organophilic montmorillonite were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). For the diethylenetriamine curing agent, the intercalated nanocomposite was obtained; and the exfoliated nanocomposite would be formed for tung oil anhydride curing agent. The curing condition does not affect the resulting kind of composite, both intercalation or exfoliation. For intercalated nanocomposite, the glass transition temperature T_g, measured by DMTA and affected by the curing temperature of matrix epoxy resin is corresponded to that of epoxy resin without a gallery. The α′ peak of the loss tangent will disappear if adding montmorillonite into the composite. It was also found that the T_g of the exfoliated nanocomposite decreases with increasing montmorillonite loading. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 842–849, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10354     

微波合成酚醛树脂/蒙脱石纳米复合材料结构的研究

在微波加热条件下制备酚醛树脂/有机改性蒙脱石纳米复合材料,研究了蒙脱石不同加入方法、不同加入量和搅拌时间对有机改性蒙脱石分散效果的影响,并用X射线小角衍射观测其微观结构。结果表明,苯酚和甲醛可以进入蒙脱石片层间进行缩聚反应,使蒙脱石片层间距扩大甚至剥离。     

环氧树脂插层纳米复合材料固化动力学研究

运用自制的有机蒙脱土，采用浇模固化成型法制备环氧树脂／二乙烯三胺／有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料，对固化产物利用XRD（X射线衍射）分析有机蒙脱土的层间距变化，确定产物为插层型的纳米复合材料，并用DSC（差示扫描量热法）跟踪环氧树脂固化行为。运用Kissinger,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa,Crane方法对环氧树脂的固化反应过程进行分析，求出活化能和反应级数等动力学以在数。结果发现，加入有机化蒙脱土后使固化反应活化能和频率下降，从而有利于固化工艺的实现，便于纳米复合材料实际应用。     

纳米粘土改性酚醛树脂结合剂的制备及表征

通过原位插层聚合方法在苯酚与甲醛缩合反应过程中引入层状钠基硅酸盐粘土,得到1种纳米粘土改性酚醛树脂的结合剂。通过X-射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等手段表征了所制备的纳米粘土改性酚醛树脂结合剂中粘土片层的分散状态。采用这种结合剂所制得的无定形捣打料和铝碳砖的耐压强度以及抗弯刚度均得到较大提高。     

环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

实验采用长链烷基胺对原始蒙脱土进行有机化处理，再利用环氧树脂对有机蒙脱土插层，制得环氧树脂，蒙脱土纳米复合材料。实验表明，改性环氧树脂的冲击强度有所提高。     

不饱和聚酯基纳米复合材料研究进展

综述了纳米粒子填充型以及有机蒙脱土插层型不饱和聚酯基纳米复合材料的国内外研究进展,详细介绍了不饱和聚酯纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能影响因素、改性效果等。     

配位插层法制备三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂/Cu2+ -蒙脱石纳米复合材料

采用微波加热溶液交换法分两步将提纯后的天然膨润土转变为Cu2 -膨润土(铜基土),通过三聚氰胺单体与Cu2 -蒙脱石层间Cu2 的配位作用,把三聚氰胺单体引入蒙脱石层间,然后加入甲醛经插层原位聚合制备三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂/Cu2 -蒙脱石纳米复合材料。X-射线衍射结果表明蒙脱石的层间距由1.25 nm增加到1.58 nm,所得产物为三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂/Cu2 -蒙脱石插层型纳米复合材料。     

Structure and properties of phenolic resin/nanoclay composites synthesized by in situ polymerization

An in situ semibatch polymerization process for making phenolic resin/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites is developed. It is found that auxiliary mixing in phenol allows intercalation of the monomer and polymer between montmorillonite clay layers. At 2.7% clay by mass the montmorillonite is predominantly exfoliated (fully dispersed). At higher clay loading, a substantial amount of the clay remains in aggregate or intercalated form. When the montmorillonite is exfoliated, the material is mechanically superior. The composite has a tensile modulus that is 21% higher than the neat resin and has 87% improved fracture strength, 100% larger fracture energy, and strain to failure 13% above the pure resin. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the montmorillonite system maintains its thermal stability up to 200°C. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1169–1174, 2005     

剥离型酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对蒙脱土进行了有机化处理,使蒙脱土由亲水性变成亲油性。采用XRD、FTIR及TEM研究了有机蒙脱土及其在酚醛树脂中的剥离行为,制备了酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料并测试了其层间剪切性能和烧蚀性能。实验结果表明,经CTAB处理的蒙脱土与酚醛树脂具有良好的相容性,且CTAB的含量较多时所制得的有机蒙脱土的结构较好,根据Bragg方程计算,CTAB用量超过蒙脱土量50%时,蒙脱土的片层间距由原来的1.48 nm增加到2.33 nm;有机蒙脱土用量小于5%时生成完全剥离型酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料;与碳布增强酚醛树脂复合材料相比,碳布增强酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能和烧蚀性能均有一定的提高和改善,层间剪切强度随蒙脱土含量的增多而增大,蒙脱土用量为15%时,层间剪切强度提高了27.1%,线烧蚀率在用量为3%时降低了48.5%,质量烧蚀率变化不明显。     

Organoclays assisted vat and disperse dyeing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposite fabrics via melt spinning

Polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites containing six modified montmorillonite nanoclays were prepared by a melt compounding technique. The effect of intercalated compounds of montmorillonite on textile mechanical properties of resultant polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposite fabrics was investigated. Winding was not possible, when the polymers were first compounded with the desired amount of montmorillonite and then spun, as filament breakage occurred. Spinable polymer were only obtained by mixing polyethylene terephthalate master batches with 4 wt% montmorillonite, which contained tallow intercalating compound with pure untreated polyethylene terephthalate to a montmorillonite content of 0.5 wt%, thus decreasing the concentration of thermally degraded polymer chains. After spinning the fibres were drawn and knitted into fabric samples for further testing. The prepared polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposite fabrics using montmorillonite exhibited higher colour strength using vat and disperse dyes compared with those of the reference fabrics made from fibres spun without montmorillonite clay content and regular fabrics. The carbocyclic‐based vat dyes have higher colour strength values on polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposite fabrics if compared with heterocyclic‐based vat dyes. The colour fastness ratings for both vat and disperse dyeings secured very good to excellent washing and perspiration fastness on polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposite fabrics. All dyed fabrics showed excellent light fastness using vat and disperse dyes. The preparation of polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposite fabrics with improved textile mechanical and vat dyeing properties needs further investigations.