红景天苷的碘标记及其在小鼠体内的分布

通过131碘标记红景天苷以探索红景天苷在神经母细胞(SH-SY5Y)中的摄取及在小鼠体内的代谢分布.采用氯胺-T法对红景天苷进行131碘标记;以聚酰胺薄膜为支持介质、V三氯甲烷:V甲醇:V丙酮:V水=6:3:1:1的下层液为展开剂,测定标记率及标记物放化纯;分析神经母细胞SH-SY5Y及肿瘤细胞MCF-7对131I-红景天苷的摄取;KM小鼠尾静脉注射131I-红景天苷(1.85 MBq/只,n=5),于5、10、30、60、120、240 min分别取心、肝、肺、肾、脾、肌、骨、脑、肠、血,称重、计数,计算每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID/g).结果表明,131I-红景天苷标记率达98%,其放化纯在1、4、20 d分别为98.5%、97.3%、97.1%;SH-SY5Y对131I-红景天苷基本无摄取,在0.5-4 h内摄取维持在0.035%左右,而MCF-7则为0.1%;131I-红景天苷在体内主要通过肝代谢、肾排泄,其中肝和肾5 min%ID/g组织分别为7.71%和11.32%,4 h则分别下降为0.36%和0.3%;血液中清除也较快,5 min时为6.41%,4 h为0.35%;在脑中虽分布较少,但清除较慢,5 min时为0.27%,4 h为0.11%;在心、肺、脾、肌、骨及肠中分布不多.结论是,碘标红景天苷标记率高,标记物稳定;神经母细胞对131I-红景天苷基本无摄取.     

23-羟基白桦酸的碘标记及其在荷肝癌HepA肿瘤鼠体内的分布

采用双氧水法对23-羟基白桦酸进行131I标记;以硅胶纸为支持介质,V=氧甲烷∶V甲醇=9∶1为展开剂,测定标记率及标记物放化纯;ICR小鼠和荷肝癌HepA肿瘤鼠尾静脉注射131I-23-羟基白桦酸(0.74 MBq/只)后考察标记物的药代动力学性质及荷瘤鼠体内分布.结果显示,131I-23-羟基白桦酸标记率达98%,其放化纯在1、4、8 d分别为98.5%、97.3%、95.8%.131I-23-羟基白桦酸在正常小鼠体内血液清除较快,其药代动力学模型符合二室模型.注射后0.5 h荷肝癌HepA肿瘤鼠肝摄取最高(9.14%ID·g-1组织),其次为肾、血、脾、肠、肺、肿瘤,脑中分布最少,仅为0.28%ID·g-1组织;肿瘤/肌肉比值＞3.表明碘标23-羟基白桦酸标记率高,标记物稳定;碘标记物在荷肝癌HepA肿瘤鼠中的肿瘤靶向摄取提高2倍,可能是一新型增效的核素靶向治疗药物.     

碘标锰卟啉及其小鼠体内分布

通过131I标记锰卟啉(MnTBAP)探讨锰卟啉在小鼠体内的分布代谢。采用Iodogen法对锰卟啉进行131I标记;以聚酰胺薄膜为支持介质、生理盐水为展开剂,测定标记物的标记率和放化纯度;KM小鼠尾静脉注射131I-MnTBAP(每只185kBq,n=6),分别于注射后5、10、30、60、120、240、1 440min取各脏器,称重、测定计数率,计算每克组织摄取注射剂量的百分率(%ID/g)。结果表明,131I-MnTBAP标记率达96.3%,其放化纯在标记后2、24、48h分别为96%、95%、94.5%;动物实验显示131I-MnTBAP在小鼠体内广泛分布,主要经肝和肾脏进行代谢,肝、肾的放射性摄取在注入后5min时分别为8.34%ID/g、12.23%ID/g,4h时则分别下降为0.34%ID/g、0.73%ID/g,血液中放射性清除较快,注入后5min时血液中放射性摄取为5.55%ID/g,4h为0.86%ID/g。因此,碘标记锰卟啉的标记物体外稳定,体内主要经肝、肾代谢,可用于进一步的微量示踪研究。     

碘标记毒死蜱及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

为探讨¹³¹I标记毒死蜱（Chlorpyrifos, CPF）在小鼠体内的分布特点,采用Iodogen法对CPF进行¹³¹I标记,KM小鼠尾静脉注射¹³¹I-CPF（185 kBq/只,n=5）,分别于注射后5、10、30、60、120、240、1440 min取各脏器,计算每克组织摄取注射剂量的百分率（%ID/g）。结果显示,¹³¹I-CPF标记率达93.5%,放化纯度为96.9%,¹³¹I-CPF在小鼠体内广泛分布,主要经肺、胃、小肠、大肠、肌肉和颌下腺吸收,其放射性摄取率在注药后 10 min 时达高峰,分别为37.12%ID/g、6.18%ID/g、8.12%ID/g、8.15%ID/g、7.04%ID/g和7.02%ID/g;经肝和肾进行代谢,其放射性摄取率在5 min时分别为4.34%ID/g和8.50%ID/g, 4 h为0.22%ID/g和 0.69%ID/g。血液中放射性清除较快,放射性摄取率在注入后5 min时为37.27%ID/g,4 h为1.35%ID/g。碘标记CPF体外稳定,体内主要经肺和消化道吸收,肝、肾代谢,可用于进一步的微量示踪研究。     

碘标白藜芦醇及其小鼠体内分布

通过碘¹³¹标记白藜芦醇探讨白藜芦醇在小鼠体内的分布代谢。采用过氧化物酶法对白藜芦醇进行¹³¹I标记;经乙酸乙酯萃取纯化,以聚酰胺薄膜为支持介质,V(三氯甲烷)∶V(丙酮)∶V(乙醇)∶V(水)=4∶4∶0.5∶0.4为展开剂,测定标记物的标记率和放化纯;KM小鼠尾静脉注射¹³¹I白藜芦醇（每只0.185MBq,n=5）。¹³¹I白藜芦醇标记率达69.3%,萃取分离后其放化纯为959%,3、7和15d后分别为92.0%、90.4%、90.1%;动物实验显示,¹³¹I白藜芦醇在小鼠体内广泛分布,主要经肝和肾进行代谢,5min时每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID•g^-1)分别为16.35、13.05,在肠中也有较高分布,10min时%ID•g^-1为11.70;甲状腺的摄取率随时间的延长而增加。碘标白藜芦醇标记物较稳定,可用于进一步的微量示踪研究。     

藤黄酸的标记及其小鼠体内分布实验

通过¹³¹I 标记藤黄酸以分析其在肿瘤细胞中的摄取及动物体内的分布。采用双氧水标记、氯仿萃取,以聚酰胺薄膜为支持介质、氯仿 甲醇(体积比为40∶1）为展开剂,测定标记率及放化纯;分析肿瘤细胞MCF-7对¹³¹I-藤黄酸的摄取;KM小鼠尾静脉注射¹³¹I-藤黄酸（每只185 kBq）,于不同时间处死,取各脏器,称重、测量计数率,计算每克组织百分注射剂量率。¹³¹I-藤黄酸标记率达86%,放化纯在1, 4, 20 d分别为97.2%,95.4%,93.3%; MCF-7在30 min时对¹³¹I-藤黄酸摄取率达3.50%,显著高于对Na¹³¹I的摄取（P<0.01）;¹³¹I-藤黄酸在体内分布广泛,以肝、肾和肠为最多,肝中5 min时放射性摄取达25.93%ID/g, 4 h则为5.54%ID/g,而肾中5 min时为6.37%ID/g, 4 h时为2.46%ID/g;甲状腺中的放射性摄取随时间的延长而增加。¹³¹I-藤黄酸标记物稳定;肿瘤细胞MCF-7对¹³¹I-藤黄酸有显著摄取;体内主要通过肝肾代谢。     

碘标APRPGY多肽与肿瘤新生血管亲和性的实验研究

探讨放射性碘标记APRPGY肽在体内与肿瘤新生血管的亲和特性.氯胺-T法对APRPGY肽行碘-131标记,并分析标记物放化纯;ICR小鼠创伤愈合模型和Hep A实体瘤模型小鼠尾静脉注射131I-APRPGY(174kBq/只),并于不同时间断颈处死小鼠,取各脏器或组织,称重,测cpm,计算%ID/g等(n=6).标记物放化纯为95.5%,并在24h内保持基本稳定;动物体内分布显示,131I-APRPGY在血、肾中分布较多,且组织清除速度较快,主要以肾脏排泄;肿瘤组织中的131I-APRPGY在注射后10 min达6.7%ID/g,至240 min时降为2.1%ID/g,在5、10、30、60、120、240min时分别为肌肉的2.1、6.2、4.7、3.3、3.5、3.2倍;131I-APRPGY的创伤愈合组织与肌肉的放射性比在10、30、60、120和240min时分别为0.8、1.3、1.8、1.9和1.4.131I-APRPGY能较好地浓聚于实体瘤组织,在创伤愈合组织中也相对浓聚,证实131Ⅰ-APRPGY与肿瘤新生血管有较强的亲和性,经进一步修饰,有可能获得靶向肿瘤新生血管的显像药物.     

~(131)I-组胺-吲哚美辛及其在荷Lewis肺癌小鼠体内分布、疗效观察的实验研究

用氯胺-T作氧化剂将合成的HIS-IN与Na131I室温下振荡反应1 min,加入Na2S2O3混匀终止反应。三氯甲烷和甲醇作展开剂,用支持介质为GF254的薄层层析法鉴定131I-HIS-IN的标记率、放化纯、标记稳定性。研究131I-HIS-IN在荷Lewis肺癌小鼠及正常小鼠体内生物分布实验、肿瘤组织病理观察。结果显示,131I-HIS-IN放化纯98%;在荷瘤鼠体内生物分布:肿瘤组织在4 h时%ID.g–1达峰值4.73±0.07,8、12、16 h肿瘤/血比值分别为2.95±0.30、2.67±0.62、3.54±0.54,且随时间延长逐渐增加,正常小鼠体内分布实验结果相似。肿瘤组织坏死部分随给药后时间延长而增多。     

新型肺癌小分子多肽的~(131)I标记及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

建立肺癌特异性靶向小分子多肽cNGQGEQc的~(131)I标记方法,研究~(131)I-cNGQGEQc在正常小鼠体内的生物学分布特性。采用氯胺-T法对N端连接有酪氨酸的cNGQGEQc进行~(131)I标记,测定~(131)IcNGQGEQc的标记率、放化纯度、脂水分配系数及在生理盐水(NS)和正常人血清中的体外稳定性,并对标记物在正常小鼠体内的分布进行了初步研究。结果表明,~(131)I-cNGQGEQc的标记率大于90%,比活度为0.4TBq/g;~(131)I-cNGQGEQc在正常人血清和NS中较稳定;~(131)I-cNGQGEQc的脂水分配系数lgP为—1.68,体内生物分布结果表明,肾脏的放射性摄取率在1 h和12 h分别为(10.59±4.66)%ID/g和(1.79±0.89)%ID/g,肾脏的放射性摄取明显高于其他脏器,表明~(131)I-cNGQGEQc主要经肾脏代谢。以上结果表明,~(131)IcNGQGEQc的标记率较高,在体外具有良好的稳定性。~(131)I-cNGQGEQc为水溶性,可用于进一步的靶向诊断与治疗的研究。     

^99Tc^m-EC-guanine在小鼠体内分布的研究

本文研究99Tcm-EC-guanine在小鼠体内的生物分布规律,用薄层色谱仪和纸层析法测定其标记率及放化纯.正常健康昆明小鼠48只,随机分为8组,尾静脉注射99Tcmr-EC-guanine 3.7 MBq,不同时间点放血处死.取血、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、小肠、脑、骨骼、肌肉,测量其每克组织注射百分剂量率(%ID/g).同时,正常小鼠及荷LOVO大肠癌小鼠各3只,注射99Tcm-EC-guanine,相同时间点进行平面显像,观察99Tcm-EC-guanine在小鼠体内各器官的分布.99Tcm-EC-guanine标记率98%,8 h内放化纯大于95%,在30 min内,正常小鼠除肾脏外的各组织、器官的%ID/g下降均明显.血液廓清速度快,主要通过肾排泄、肝代谢,5min时,在肾、肝的%ID/g分别为20.66和13.20,30 min、4 h时分别为15.43、7.03和11.37、7.31;脑的各时间点%ID/g均小于0.5;肌肉组织分布少,30 min时为1.11,4 h为0.65,在心、肺、脾、胃、肠及骨骼分布不多;显像结果与体内分布一致,荷瘤小鼠瘤体清晰显示.99Tcm-EC-guanine标记简便,标记率及放化纯高,小鼠体内生理分布表明其可能成为一种好的嘌呤代谢显像剂.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.