pH值对乳清蛋白糖基化产物体外抗氧化特性的影响

选择6种不同的糖基配体,通过湿热糖基化反应,研究乳清蛋白不同糖基化复合物在不同pH值下的反应特性及抗氧化特性。结果表明:在pH值3～9的条件下,6种乳清蛋白糖基化复合物与乳清蛋白420nm和294nm处的吸光值差异显著(P<0.05);且6种乳清蛋白糖基化复合物的游离氧基酸含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。除了乳清蛋白-蔗糖复合物外,其他5种乳清蛋白糖基化复合物的还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能、·OH自由基清除能力和抗脂质过氧化能力随pH值的升高都有所提高。乳清蛋白-木糖复合物的抗氧化能力提高最大,而且在pH值7～9的反应条件下,具有比V_c更高的还原能力。     

乳清蛋白糖基化反应特性及抗氧化性的研究

通过干热糖基化反应,选择7种不同的糖基配体,研究乳清蛋白不同糖基复合物的反应特性及抗氧化特性.结果表明,在干热糖基化反应前后,7种糖类与乳清蛋白复合物在420 nm和294nm处的吸光值差异显著(P<0.05);除乳清蛋白-蔗糖复合物外,其他6种乳清蛋白糖基复合物的游离氨基酸含量均显著降低(P<0.05).除了乳清蛋白-阿拉伯胶和乳清蛋白-蔗糖复合物外,其他乳清蛋白糖基化复合物的还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力都有所提高.乳清蛋白-乳糖复合物的抗氧化能力提高最大,而且具有比Vc和BHA更高的还原能力.     

乳清分离蛋白美拉德反应产物的体外抗氧化特性

以乳清分离蛋白和木糖、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖为美拉德反应原料,研究蛋白与糖的种类及混合比例对褐变程度的影响,并对反应产物进行抗氧化活性检测。结果表明:木糖与乳清分离蛋白按质量比2:1混合,湿热糖基化反应后,褐变程度最强,且在乳清分离蛋白与木糖按质量比2:1条件下反应后,乳清分离蛋白-木糖体系的美拉德反应产物(MRPs)具有较高还原能力和抗脂质过氧化能力及对DPPH自由基和O-2.具有较高的清除能力。     

高压均质对乳清蛋白糖基化产物抗氧化的影响

通过干法糖基化,以一定质量比例乳清蛋白和岩藻多糖(1︰3)作为糖基化反应原料,研究不同均质压力(0, 70和120 MPa)条件下乳清蛋白和岩藻多糖糖基化产物反应特性以及体外抗氧化活性。试验结果表明,高压均质可促进蛋白质和多糖的糖基化反应,乳清蛋白-岩藻多糖混合物在294 nm和420 nm的吸光度随着均质压力的增加而显著变化(p0.05), 120 MPa条件处理下的样品的褐变程度要远大于未处理组。DPPH自由基清除率试验结果表明,乳清蛋白-岩藻多糖混合物经高压均质处理后可提高其抗氧化能力,但是随着糖基化反应进行,乳清蛋白-岩藻多糖糖基化产物DPPH自由基清除率无显著差异(p0.05)。     

湿法糖基化改性大豆分离蛋白在低致敏千页豆腐中的应用

为寻求高效的糖基化改性条件和良好的应用途径，本文以葡萄糖、木糖两种单糖为糖基供体，探究反应时间、反应温度、蛋白与糖比例、蛋白浓度对大豆分离蛋白湿法糖基化反应的影响，分析大豆分离蛋白-葡萄糖复合物(SPI-葡萄糖)、大豆分离蛋白-木糖复合物(SPI-木糖)致敏性的变化，并将SPI-葡萄糖、SPI-木糖应用于低致敏千页豆腐生产。结果表明，木糖相较于葡萄糖更易与大豆分离蛋白发生糖基化反应，但也更容易有类黑素产生。在蛋白浓度为25 mg/mL时，糖基化反应程度最高，并且糖基化反应程度与反应温度、反应时间、糖添加量呈正相关。SDS-PAGE和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明糖基化改性使大豆分离蛋白和糖分子发生了共价结合，SPI的自由氨基减少。糖基化反应程度越高，SPI致敏性越低，SPI-木糖接枝物致敏性降低程度最高可达50%，以其为原料经谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TG酶)交联所制作的千页豆腐有良好的弹性和咀嚼性。     

糖基化反应对乳清蛋白-乳糖复合物乳化性的影响

糖基化反应是改善蛋白质功能特性的一种有效方法.研究了糖基化反应对乳清蛋白-乳糖复合物乳化性的影响.结果表明,糖基化反应能够改善乳清蛋白-乳糖复合物的乳化性和乳化稳定性.     

乳清蛋白菊粉糖基化复合物的褐变特性与抗氧化活性

以褐变程度及抗氧化活性为检测指标,研究湿热反应条件对乳清蛋白菊粉糖基化复合物的褐变特性与抗氧化活性的影响。研究结果表明:反应物浓度越大,反应温度越高,乳清蛋白菊粉糖基化产物的褐变强度越大,抗氧化活性越强;起始反应pH值越大,乳清蛋白菊粉糖基化产物的褐变强度及还原能力越强,而其DPPH.清除能力呈现先升高后降低的趋势。当反应物浓度为6%,温度为100℃,起始反应pH值为9时,所获得的乳清蛋白糖基化产物抗氧化活性较强。     

乳清蛋白-海藻酸钠的制备及其特性的测定

将海藻酸钠通过糖基化反应引入乳清蛋白,制备乳清蛋白-海藻酸钠复合物,探讨干法条件下反应时间、反应温度、海藻酸钠与乳清蛋白质量配比对复合物接枝度和溶解度的影响,确定了最佳糖基化条件为反应时间6.3 d,反应温度56.1℃,海藻酸钠与乳清蛋白质量配比4.1∶1。在此条件下,乳清蛋白-海藻酸钠共价复合物的接枝度为75.89%、溶解度为32.56%与理论预测值基本相符。     

温度条件对乳清蛋白糖基化反应特性和抗氧化活性的影响

利用糖基化修饰技术,以乳清分离蛋白(WPI)为研究对象,以褐变程度、pH值以及抗氧化活性为检测指标,研究反应温度对乳清蛋白糖基化反应特性和抗氧化活性的影响。研究结果表明:反应温度越高,糖基化反应后产物的pH值越低,褐变程度越大,抗氧化活性越强。不同类型糖基复合物的抗氧化活性随反应温度增大有不同程度的提高,其他核糖-WPI体系中抗氧化活性最强,其次分别为半乳糖-WPI>果糖-WPI>葡萄糖-WPI>乳糖-WPI。     

乳清蛋白-木糖美拉德反应产物的成膜性及其膜包裹对核桃仁脂质过氧化的抑制作用

乳清蛋白是常用的成膜材料,乳清蛋白膜对氧气等气体有良好的阻隔能力,但其机械强度和水蒸气透过率较差。本实验研究木糖质量浓度和甘油体积分数对乳清蛋白的膜物理和机械特性以及水蒸气透过率的影响,优化成膜最佳条件,并对乳清蛋白和乳清蛋白-木糖美拉德反应产物的成膜特性进行比较。观察用乳清蛋白膜和乳清蛋白-木糖美拉德反应产物膜分别包裹核桃仁后对核桃仁脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明,乳清蛋白-木糖美拉德反应产物的成膜最佳条件为： 乳清蛋白质量浓度10g/100 mL,木糖质量浓度5g/100 mL,甘油体积分数5%,在80℃加热45min或90℃加热30min。乳清蛋白-木糖美拉德反应产物膜的刺穿强度比乳清蛋白膜提高约1倍,拉伸强度提高约1.5倍,水蒸气透过率降低约24%。乳清蛋白-木糖美拉德反应产物膜包裹可以延缓核桃仁酸价的上升,而乳清蛋白膜对核桃仁的酸价上升无明显的抑制作用。     

Gel mechanical properties of milk whey protein–dextran conjugates obtained by Maillard reaction

The effect of Maillard reaction on the mechanical properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) heat-induced gels was evaluated. WPI and dextran (15–25 kDa) conjugates were obtained by controlled dry heating during storage at 60 °C and 63% relative humidity for 2, 5 and 9 days. Changes in browning intensity and content of free amino groups were used to estimate the Maillard reaction. A decrease in free amino groups of WPI was observed when increasing polysaccharide concentration and reaction time. An increase in both a* and b* CIE Lab colour parameters indicated the development of a reddish-brown colour, typical of the Maillard reaction. Uniaxial compression and stress relaxation tests were performed to measure the mechanical properties of mixed and conjugate gels. Maillard reaction significantly modified the mechanical properties of WPI/DX gels, and even prevented fracture when conjugate gels were subjected to 80% deformation in uniaxial compression test.     

黑木耳多糖-乳清蛋白复合物的制备及其抗原性的研究

蛋白质和多糖在控制条件下通过美拉德反应会发生一定程度的共价复合,能显示更优越的性能。采用黑木耳多糖作为糖基供体,用糖基化的手段与牛乳中乳清蛋白结合形成木耳多糖-乳清蛋白复合物,并在现有的条件下探索不同质量比与不同反应时间对糖基化进程的影响,采用间接竞争ELISA法测定复合物中β-乳球蛋白和α-乳白蛋白抗原性的影响。结果表明,乳清蛋白与黑木耳多糖质量比为1：1,反应时间为24h,是糖基化反应最佳条件并且能有效减低乳清蛋白抗原性,其中β-乳球蛋白抗原性降低率为75.7%,α-乳白蛋白抗原性降低率为25%。     

Impact of dextran conjugation on physicochemical and gelling properties of sweet potato protein through Maillard reaction

Covalently linked sweet potato protein (SPP)–dextran conjugates were produced through Maillard reaction, and the effects of this conjugation on physicochemical and gelling properties of SPP were studied. Formation of SPP–dextran-conjugated product was confirmed with increase in browning intensity and molecular weight, with concomitant reduction in free amino group content of the protein. Dry-heating period of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days gave rise to 0%, 12.8%, 19.0%, 25.2% and 22.8% degree of conjugation (DC), respectively. High molecular weight protein polymer with polydispersed band above 50 kDa was formed. FTIR spectroscopic analysis showed that the C-O (amide I) and C-N (amide II) stretching bands were modified by the Maillard reaction. Conjugation of SPP with dextran reduced its denaturation temperature. SPP–dextran conjugate gels’ network structures were sustained by both physical interactions and covalent bonds. SPP–dextran conjugates’ gels had significantly improved hardness and resilience in comparison with the unmodified SPP (P < 0.05).     

Physicochemical and emulsifying properties of whey protein isolate (WPI)-polydextrose conjugates prepared via Maillard reaction

In this study, whey protein isolate (WPI) and polydextrose (PDX) were used to produce WPI-PDX covalent conjugates via dry-heating Maillard reaction, and their characteristics and functional properties including abilities to emulsify and stabilise the corn germ oil/water emulsions were measured. Compared with WPI alone, the WPI-PDX conjugates had higher water solubility and DPPH radical scavenging ability, and the derived emulsions exhibited good storage stability over 60 days prepared under these conditions: reaction time 24 h, conjugate concentration 4–6%, oil fraction ratio 0.6 and emulsion system pH 3–8. Further, we found that the emulsion possessed the best storage stability under the condition of 4% WPI-PDX conjugates and 0.6% oil fraction. These results provide a potent to prepare a beneficial Maillard conjugation following an optimised reaction condition and highlight the potential use of WPI-PDX conjugates as the emulsifier in food industry.     

米糠多糖-乳清分离蛋白美拉德反应及其产物表征

目的：通过米糠多糖(rice bran polysaccharide,RBP)与乳清分离蛋白(whey protein isolate,WPI)非酶褐变反应,探究反应时间对美拉德反应的影响,开发一种新型乳化剂制备纳米乳液包埋脂溶性物质。方法：RBP与WPI在干热条件下反应不同的时间,以A_{294 nm}、褐变程度、色泽变化、游离氨基含量等的变化监控美拉德反应进程,对美拉德反应产物的分子质量、粒径、乳化活性、乳化稳定性、微观结构进行表征,并用美拉德反应产物制备大豆油纳米乳液。结果：A_{294 nm}、褐变程度、色泽变化及游离氨基含量的变化,表明混合体系发生了美拉德反应,且随反应时间的延长产物颜色变暗;美拉德反应产物分子质量为17 kDa;反应12 h时的产物粒径分布较为均匀;RBP接枝到WPI分子上显著提高了WPI的乳化活性和乳化稳定性(P<0.05);WPI-RBP(12 h)@纳米乳液比WPI@纳米乳液更稳定、粒径均匀,能抵抗酸性条件下和盐离子存在条件下对乳液的不利影响。结论：WPI与RBP间的美拉德反应有效改善了WPI的特性,可作为一种新型...     

Ultrasound assisted vis-à-vis classical heating for the conjugation of whey protein isolate-gellan gum: Process optimization,structural characterization and physico-functional evaluation

In the present work, ultrasonic assisted synthesis and characterization of Maillard conjugates of whey protein isolate (WPI) and gellan gum (GG) was carried out and compared with the classical heating method. Conjugation was confirmed by FTIR, secondary structure, intrinsic fluorescence analysis, and degree of glycation (DG). The structural analysis revealed high protein unfolding by sonication confirming loss of α-helix content and exposing more amino groups to the conjugation reaction. Color change analysis confirmed that ultrasonication accelerated the initial stage of Maillard reaction but did not form the advanced Maillard reaction products. Ultrasonication gave higher DG in lesser time (17.22% in 60 min) than classical heating method (8.41% in 4 h). Physico-functional properties such as pH and thermal stability, emulsifying activity index, emulsion stability index, foaming capability and antioxidant activity of WPI-GG conjugates prepared by ultrasonic treatment were superior to classical heating method suggesting ultrasonication as a potentially alternative method for Maillard conjugation.Industrial relevanceImprovising supplementary protein functionality by conjugation with food grade polysaccharides like gellan gum through ultrasonication could make the process more controllable and economical. The undesired browning can be inhibited in ultrasonic assisted conjugate synthesis and hence the overall acceptance of the final product can be increased.     

Properties of whey protein isolate–dextran conjugate prepared using pulsed electric field

Effect of pulsed electric field treatment on whey protein isolate-dextran conjugation in aqueous solution via Maillard reaction was investigated. Significant changes in browning intensity, free amino group content and SDS-PAGE profile showed that whey protein isolate-dextran conjugate was successfully formed using pulsed electric field treatment. Moreover, higher pulsed electric field intensity enhanced the extent of glycosylation. Meanwhile, the secondary structure of whey protein isolate had a considerable loss due to the covalent attachment of dextran. The functional properties, such as solubility, emulsifying activity and emulsion stability were also evaluated. Compared with initial whey protein isolate, the solubility and emulsifying properties were significantly improved. At the same time, glycosylation also inhibited heat-induced aggregation after treated at 80 °C for 20 min. All data showed that pulsed electric field treatment could be applied as a means to prepare WPI-dextran conjugate with better functional properties.     

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Maillard reaction products formed by heating whey protein isolate and reducing sugars

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Maillard reaction products (MRP) prepared by heating whey protein isolate (WPI) and reducing sugars (glucose and galactose) to 95 °C for different lengths of time (0–6 h). The results revealed that the colour, intermediate products, browning intensity and the antioxidant activities of the MRP increased as the reaction time increased (P < 0.05), whereas the pH value and free amino group content decreased (P < 0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the covalently linked conjugates of WPI and sugars were formed. The results indicate that the Maillard reaction could improve the antioxidant capacity of WPI.     

Effects of casein- and whey protein–dextran conjugates on the stability of bog bilberry anthocyanin extract

Bog bilberry ( Vaccinium uliginosum ) contains a high concentration of anthocyanins. Anthocyanin stability depends on many factors, including pH, temperature and composition of food matrices in a product, such as protein and polysaccharide. The effect of casein–dextran and whey protein–dextran conjugates on the stability of bog bilberry anthocyanin extract (BBAE) was investigated in an accelerated model system. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was the main anthocyanin (79%) found in BBAE. The cyanidin-3-glucoside content, absorbance and ABTS [2, 2-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity of BBAE significantly ( P  < 0.05) decreased after heating at pH 8.0 and 80 °C for 60 min. The addition of casein–dextran and whey protein–dextran conjugates significantly ( P  < 0.05) prevented cyanidin-3-glucoside from degradation, and increased the absorbance and ABTS radical scavenging activity of heated BBAE. The protection of casein–dextran conjugate on BBAE was significantly higher ( P  < 0.05) than that of whey protein–dextran conjugate. The results suggest that protein–dextran conjugates have the ability to stabilise BBAE.