The role of neurasthenic syndrome in depression (author's transl)

In endogenous depression a neurasthenic syndrome is partially included. In 100 male cases whose diagnoses merely stated "endogenous depression" without further remarks like "neurotic traits" or "reactive influences", we found in 48 cases a clear neurasthenic syndrome. It is suggested that these symptoms often lead to the diagnosis of endogenous depression. Pharmacotherapy is partially directed to the neurasthenic condition. Hereditary factors may play a part in the unability of the later endogenous depressive to relax.     

The place of xerography combined with routine conventional mammography (author's transl)

Xeroradiography is a valuable supplement to conventional mammography, especially in cases with dense glandular structure. In our patient material this new procedure was necessary for clarification of findings on conventional mammography in 16% of cases and improved diagnostic yield. Indirect and direct signs of carcinoma were more easely recognized with xeroradiography, since more detail is visualized because of greater latitude and edge contrast enhancement. Moreover the area visualized is considerably greater. The soft tissue structures can be seen to the level of the thoracic wall. Viewing the films is less tiring than reviewing conventional mammography films. A relatively greater exposure latitude and short exposure times are further advantages of this method.     

Directives of the struggle against smoking in Hungary (author's transl)

Smoking is not only noxious to the smoker but molestates the non-smoker, too. Though a general renunciation is not attainable our efforts should be directed to the following aims: 1. To discourage juveniles from smoking as much as possible. 2. To minimize the danger of passive smoking for non-smokers. 3. Influencing the patients by the doctors to minimize the nicotine-dependence.     

The jet-wash-technique (author's transl)

For the early detection of the endometrial adenocarcinoma the Gravlee-Jet-wash-technique was used in 600 cases. The procedure is simple and requires only 2 to 3 minutes to the gynecologist. An anesthesia is not necessary. In women with stenosed os externum and in anxious patients we use an analgesia of the paracervix (PCB). The technique allows a cytologic and/or cytohistologic investigation. In 600 examined cases we found 37 endometrial adenocarcinomas. We obtained a 100 per cent accuracy in the detection of the 37 malignant lesions. Our experience up to now with the Jet-wash-technique should stimulate its wider use also for outpatients with a high risk for the endometrial adenocarcinoma.     

The voice as a mirror of personality (author's transl)

The philosopher and astrologer Scotus, who was famous for his translations from Greek and Arabic into Latin wrote a handbook of physiognomy for Emperor Friedrich II about 1228 A.D. In this volume based particularly on Arabic sources is a chapter on the voice. It contains numerous details that suposedly enable recognition of certain personality traits by voice characteristics. In the present such concepts are familiar, but that it was of practical relevance 750 years ago may justify closer inspection of Scotus and his work.     

Ultrastructure of the granulomatous reaction against Descemet's membrane (author's transl)

Ultrastructural findings in regard to the so-called granulomatous reaction against Descemet's membrane indicate that the membrane is phagocytized in the form of small clumps. Basically epithelial cells and, to a lesser extent giant cells, participate in the phagocytosis. In addition to the connective tissue, the epithelium is fairly actively involved in the regeneration of the cornea.     

Tetrahydroblopterin. Metabolism and metabolic role of unconjugated pteridines (author's transl)

During the past 5 years, increasing studies have been devoted to the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is the natural cofactor of the hydroxylases of aromatic aminoacids. This review describes some aspects of its metabolism, its involvement in the biosynthesis of related neurotransmitters. If search of further roles of tetrahydrobiopterin in human metabolism should be made, recent data lead to a new approach of neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia classification and understanding.     

Evaluation of laser surgery against brain tumor (author's transl)

A surgical carbon dioxide laser unit (Laser) has been used in 26 cases of various brain tumors, including 10 meningioma (4 sphenoid ridge, 3 parasagittal, 1 falx, 1 olfactory, 1 posterior fossa); 12 glioma (7 glioblastoma, 5 astrocytoma); two metastatic brain tumors; 1 hemangioblastoma, and 1 AVM. Criteria for Laser use based on evaluation and location of meningioma were: grade 1, convenient but adjuvant; grade 2, also necessary; grade 3, indispensable. Most meningioma in convexity and parasagittal were grade 1-2, with those in the sphenoid ridge grade 2-3. In the glioma group, hemorrhage in 3 cases of glioblastoma was easily Laser-controlled, and the tumors wasted away in a short time with vaporization. There was minimal mechanical effect on the adjacent tissue. Conclusion: In neurosurgery, Laser is obligatory in sphenoid ridge meningioma to dissect the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, cavernous sinus, sphenoid ridge, etc. It is very useful in glioma, especially glioblastoma, considering shortened surgical duration, decreased blood loss and extended tumor resection. Laser surgery is proposed as most appropriate for brain tumors in elderly and poor risk cases mainly for its vaporizing function.     

The Stepanik arteriotonograph (author's transl)

A pressure-sensitive probe, specially developed for this purpose, is built into a contact lens in such a manner that when adjusted to the patient's eye the probe registers the intraocular pressure whilst the observer compresses the eyeball and observes the arterial collapse phenomenon on the disc over the contact lens on the slit-lamp microscope. The standard deviation of a clinical measurement is 1.5 mm Hg. Derived from measurements on 65 eyes of patients without signs of vascular disorder, the correlation of the systolic and diastolic ophthalmic artery-pressure (y) to that of the ipsilateral brachial artery (x) is given by Y =0.79x-1.33 (r=0.96) and the correlation of their median pressure by Y=0.93x-17.2 (r=0.94).     

The Wyburn-Mason syndrome (author's transl)

A patient aged 39 years with Wyburn-Mason syndrome is presented. He had an apple-sized intracranial arteriovenous angioma racemosum of the left temporo-medical region, which was inoperable, as it extended to the basal ganglia. It was diagnosed by carotid angiography and by sequential brain szintigraphy. More than 50 retinal arteriovenous anastomoses were observed in the left eye, involving all quadrants and the macular region. Some of these anastomoses were only found by fluorescence angiography. Clinical signs were hemiparesis and decreased sensibility of the right side, headaches, speech disorders and right homonymous hemianopia. Vision was decreased to 0.4. By partial embolisation via the right common carotid, it was possible to reduce the size of the intracranial hemangioma.     

MVA-vaccine in primovaccination against smallpox after the age of three (author's transl)

These are the results of 417 primary vaccinations against smallpox with MVA, an attenuated vaccine. All of the patients were over three years old. In Europe, this group has an increased risk of postvaccinal encephalitis. The intracutaneous inoculation produced a light local infiltration and only 11.7% showed a light generalized reaction. In order to attain a reliable immunity, a second inoculation was performed one week later, epicutaneously with Elstree-vaccine. The local reaction was in general that of a normal revaccination, and 79.4% of our patients had neither fever nor general symptoms. Among the others no one became seriously ill. We did not observe any complications specific for a smallpox vaccination. In comparison to the other vaccination methods currently used, the MVA "Two-step"-vaccination is probably the safest. Its risk of a postvaccinal encephalitis is supposed to be lower according to animal experiments and theoretical considerations. This hypothesis has been confirmed meanwhile by the results of several thousand vaccinations in the already mentioned age-group.