Micaceous iron oxide prepared from pyrite cinders by hydrothermal method

Micaceous iron oxide (MIO) with a hexagonal flaky shape was prepared by hydrothermal method. The ferric hydroxide used as precursor was obtained by an acidic leaching solution of pyrite cinders reacting with ammonia solution. The optimal experimental conditions for preparing micaceous iron oxide were investigated by orthogonal experiments. Micaceous iron oxide can be successfully prepared when optimal parameters of total iron concentration of 2.0 mol/L, pH value of 8, n(Fe²⁺)/n(Fe³⁺) of 0.1, mass of seed crystal of 1 g, reaction temperature of 260 °C and reaction time of 30 min are applied. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffractometry (SAEM) were adopted to characterize the hydrothermal products prepared under optimal conditions. The results indicate that highly crystallized α-Fe₂O₃ hexagonal flakes, about 1.0–1.5 μm in diameter and 0.1 μm in thickness, are prepared. Furthermore, the quality of micaceous iron oxide prepared can meet the required characteristics of micaceous iron oxide pigments for paints (ISO10601—2007).     

α-Fe_2O_3的可控合成及机理研究

本文以FeCl3·6H2O和CTAB为主要原料,采用传统水热法制备出球状和立方体α-Fe2O3颗粒.研究了不同因素对产物形貌的影响;并对形成机理进行了探索;XRD分析表明产物的结晶性好,纯度很高;SEM表明产物的分散性好,颗粒尺寸分布均一,并且反应温度和FeCl3浓度对产物的形貌影响很大.结果表明:当T=120℃,CTAB浓度为0.04M,FeCl3浓度为0.05M时得到了立方体α-Fe2O3,当T=160℃,CTAB浓度为0.04 M,FeCl3浓度为0.02M时得到了球状α-Fe2O3.     

Performances of lithium manganese oxide prepared by hydrothermal process

A simple hydrothermal process followed by heat treatment was applied to the preparation of spinel Li1.05Mn1.95O4. In this process, electrolytic manganese dioxide（EMD） and LiOH·H2O were used as starting materials. The physiochemical properties of the synthesized samples were investigated by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry（TG-DSC）, X-ray diffractometry（XRD）, and scanning electronic microscopy（SEM）. The results show that the hydrothermally synthesized precursor is an essential amorphous. The precursor can be easily transferred to spinel powders with a homogeneous structure and a regularly-shaped morphology by heat treatment. Li1.05Mn1.95O4 powder obtained by heat treating the precursor at 430 °C for 12 h and then calcining at 800 °C for 12 h shows an excellent cycling performance with an initial charge capacity of 118.2 mA·h·g-1 obtained at 0.5C rate and 93.8% of its original value retained after 100 cycles.     

新型离子液体中纳米α-Fe_2O_3的合成及研究

利用新型离子液体——共晶混合物一步合成了球状纳米α-Fe2O3,采用XRD、SEM及红外对其结构及形貌进行了表征,结果表明,合成的α-Fe2O3大小为130—150 nm,分布均匀。提出了纳米α-FeO可能的形成机理。     

室温固相法制备纳米Fe_2O_3的工艺研究

以FeCl3·6H2O和NaOH为原料,Tw een-80为分散剂,在室温下通过固相反应制备前驱物,然后煅烧前驱物制得纳米氧化铁。研究了表面活性剂的用量、前驱物的煅烧温度、煅烧时间对产物的影响。利用XRD对制备的纳米氧化物进行表征。结果表明,制备的产物为纳米α-Fe2O3。表面活性剂Tween-80可使产物的产率明显提高,粒径减小;随煅烧温度的提高,煅烧时间的延长,产物的粒径先减小,再增大。煅烧温度500℃,煅烧时间2h,制得的α-Fe2O3的平均粒径为21nm。     

水热反应时间对Sm_2O_3微晶结构的影响

以SmCl3·6H2O和NaOH为起始原料,采用水热和热处理相结合的方法成功制备了Sm2O3微晶.利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究了水热反应时间对Sm2O3物相和形貌的影响.结果表明:在200℃水热条件下反应48h后,得到以Sm2O3为主晶相的细棒状前驱体,经过800℃下煅烧1h后得到了纯的立方相Sm2O3微晶.     

水热前驱溶液pH值对Sm2O3微晶相组成及显微结构的影响

以SmCl3·6H2O和NaOH为起始原料,采用水热法可控制备了Sm2O3微晶．利用X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别对产物的物相和形貌进行了表征．结果表明：在水热条件下,反应温度为200℃,前驱溶液PH为9时,水热产物主晶相为Sm2O3,杂相为Sm（OH）2C1,呈现细棒状结构．在800℃下煅烧,保温1h均可得到纯的Sm2O3立方相微晶．随着pH值的增大,所制备的Sm2O3微晶的形貌变成规则的棒状结构,当pH为9时,棒状结构尺寸约为0．2～0．3μm．     

无定形热法反应温度及时间对板状α-Al2O3微观形貌的影响

将Na2O-CaO-SiO2玻璃作为介质,运用引入高活性金属Al来制备板状α-Al2O3粉体.运用X射线衍射对物相进行鉴定,使用场发射扫描电子显微镜观测其板状形貌.结果表明,800℃、1 000℃、1 200℃温度下保温2h所制得样品的晶粒尺寸在20～60nm之间,且随着加热温度升高,晶体粒径呈增大趋势;1 000℃下改变保温时间所制得样品的晶粒尺寸在45～100nm之间,少数达到了100nm以上,随着保温时间的延长,晶体粒径尺寸先增大,后减小,再增大.     

模板调控固相α-Fe2O3的制备及吸附催化性能研究

以甲基橙为矿化模板调控固相合成α-Fe2O3前驱体,经500℃煅烧得到α-Fe2O3纳米粒子,通过XRD及TEM对物相和形貌进行表征,对比研究了有无模板调控α-Fe2O3吸附甲基橙前后的吸附、光催化脱色性能。结果表明:模板调控所制备α-Fe2O3的结晶度降低,且出现大量的介孔,在添加量为0.1g、温度为20℃、pH=5、初始浓度为9mg/L甲基橙时最大吸附容量为1.88mg/g,吸附平衡时间为7h,分别比没有模板调控制备的α-Fe2O3提高了9.04%和缩短了22.2%;对于初始浓度为5mg/L甲基橙,两者的最大光催化脱色率分别为93.21%和89.59%。     

化学沉淀法制备纳米α-Fe_2O_3及其气敏性能研究

以Fe(NO3)3.9H2O和Na2CO3为起始物,采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米级α-Fe2O3粉体材料.采用XRD、TG-DTA和TEM等技术对产物的晶型、晶粒大小及形貌进行了表征.结果表明,沉淀法所制备的α-Fe2O3粉体材料为分散均匀的球形颗粒,平均粒径大小约40 nm.气敏性能测试结果表明该材料具有可观的气敏性能,对H2S气体表现出较高的灵敏度及良好的选择性,且对乙醇气体的灵敏度明显高于市售样品.在对所制备的α-Fe2O3纳米材料的结构及气敏性能进行系统研究的基础上,初步讨论了其对还原性气体的敏感机理.     

磁场辅助水热法合成α-Fe2O3粒子研究

以氯化铁（FeCl3.6H2O）为反应前驱物,采用磁场辅助水热法合成α-Fe2O3粒子,并运用XRD、TEM、VSM对所得α-Fe2O3粒子的结构、形貌以及室温磁性能进行研究。结果表明,在水热反应过程中引入外磁场,对合成的α-Fe2O3粒子晶粒尺寸、粒径分散性有明显的影响,同时还发现磁场的引入能使产物饱和磁化强度增强。     

Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B Dye with high purity anatase nano-TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> synthesized by a hydrothermal method

High purity anatase nano-TiO2 powders with high photocatalytic activity were prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light absorption spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum were adopted to characterize the catalyst. Effects of temperature, time and sol concentration of hydrothermal synthesis on particle size and phases were investigated. Photocatalytic activities in the degradation of Rhodamine B Dye were studied. The experimental results indicated that photocatalytic activity of the nano-TiO2 powers was much higher than that of P25 (Degussa).     

A/O工艺处理制革废水的脱氮问题案例分析

以浙江省某制革厂为研究实例,对污水处理现场A/O系统运行状况进行了连续监测,同时,模拟现场A/O系统运行参数做了脱氮小试实验.实验结果显示,更换活性污泥后,仍使用现有的A/O处理工艺,在停留时间为3d的情况下,CODCr和NH3-N的去除率能够分别达到87%和97%,且十分稳定,小试的实验结果为现场工程的下一步改造提供了可靠的依据.     

高级氧化工艺对水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的降解研究

采用UV、O3和UV/O3联用工艺对水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的降解效果和降解产物进行研究,探讨了O3初始浓度、DBP初始浓度、pH值等因素对氧化降解DBP的影响.结果表明:UV本身对DBP的去除贡献率不大,UV/O3联用工艺对DBP的去除效果略优于单独O3氧化,提高体系的初始pH值和O3浓度有利于DBP的降解;采用GC-MS分析方法对DBP O3氧化中间产物进行分析,得出DBP可能的降解途径.     

低温催化H_2还原Na_2SO_4制取Na_2S的研究

使用H2还原Na2SO4制得Na2S,试验过程中选择了过渡金属氧化物ZnO、V2O5、Fe2O3、α-纳米Fe2O3作为催化剂,在570℃、610℃、650℃三个温度点下分别考察了各自的催化效果.结果表明,α-Fe2O3（纳米）具有最优的催化效果,在其作用下,反应工艺条件为：反应温度610℃,反应时间80min,催化剂的合适用量是Na2SO4质量的0.75%,H2流量为0.57L/min,Na2SO4的粒径为-0.20 mm,此时反应转化率可达96.74%,得到的产品按GB10500-2009进行检测,其Na2S的含量高达93.51%,优于传统煤粉还原制得的产品.     

Wcomet直接还原法渣铁分离影响因素研究

研究还原温度、渣相配料碱度和渣中CaF2、K2O、P2O5、S、FeO的含量等因素对2CaO·SiO2形成及其相变的影响规律。结果表明,在快速升温条件下,温度高于1300℃后2CaO·SiO2才大量生成;CaF2、S和FeO对2CaO·SiO2相变不产生影响,但K2O和P2O5对2CaO·SiO2相变具有明显抑制作用;渣相二元碱度R〈1．8时渣的自然粉化效果明显变差。     

Effect of pH values on photocatalytic properties of Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>WO<Subscript>6</Subscript> synthesized by hydrothermal method

Highly crystalline orthorhombic Bi₂WO₆ powders were hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of Na₂WO₄ · 2H₂O and Bi (NO₃)₃ · 5H₂O over a wide range of pH. The effect of pH on morphologies, sizes and properties of the Bi₂WO₆ crystals was investigated. The band gaps of the as-prepared Bi₂WO₆ were determined from the onset of the absorption edge of UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The methyl orange photodegradation was employed as a probe reaction to test the photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activities of methyl orange degradation under visible light irradiation are strongly dependent on the pH used in the synthesis. The highest efficiency is observed at pH=7. Funded by the PCSIRT, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50532030 and 50625206) and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Z4080021)     

CWPO法降解酸性大红GR模拟废水催化剂的制备

以金属氧化物Cu O为主活性组分,Zn O为第二活性组分并掺杂电子助剂Ce O2,采用浸渍法制备出适用于CWPO工艺处理酸性大红GR模拟染料废水的复合催化剂Cu O-Zn O-Ce O2/γ-Al2O3。考察了各组分浸渍液浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等制备条件对催化剂催化活性的影响,确定了较佳制备条件。结果表明:优化制备的Cu O-Zn O-Ce O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,用于处理酸性大红GR模拟染料废水时具有较好的催化活性,在催化剂2 g,搅拌速度为300 r/min,水浴温度60℃,p H为5,0.4 m L 30%H2O2,反应时间2 h条件下处理100 m L 600 mg/L酸性大红GR模拟废水,CODCr去除率达到82.46%,而在相同反应条件下未加催化剂时CODCr去除率只有52.60%。更多还原     

Al2O3对3Ti/Si/2C体系自蔓延高温合成Ti3SiC2的影响

以3Ti/Si/2C粉体为原料,通过自蔓延高温合成技术合成了Ti3SiC2材料。研究了Al2O3助剂对自蔓延高温合成Ti3SiC2的影响。研究结果表明,3Ti/Si/2C粉体会发生自蔓延反应,产物的组成相为TiC、Ti3SiC2和Ti5Si3,产物中Ti3SiC2含量约为23%。添加适量的细粒度Al2O3可显著促进反应合成Ti3SiC2,3Ti/Si/2C/0.1Al2O3原料反应后得到的产物中Ti3SiC2含量达64%。     

邻二氯苯混酸绝热硝化制备2，3—二氯硝基苯的工艺研究

系统地研究了邻二氯苯混酸绝热硝化的DVS值、混酸组成及摩尔比等因素对2,3－二氯硝基苯收率的影响,2,3－二氯硝基苯收率达到14．51％,3,4－氯硝基苯与2,3－二氯硝基苯的收率之比f（3,4／2,3）＝5．47。